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会计学1Urban labs project envisions Chicago evolving into a model city for “growing water” by creating a series of Eco-Boulevards will function as a giant “Living Machine” which will treat100% of Chicagos wastewaterand stormwater naturally, using micro-organisms, small invertebrates, fish and plants第1页/共15页In April 2007, a United Nations report, reported that two thirds of the worlds population will face water scarcity by 2025, a situation that will inevitably lead to global conflict. Access to clean water is fundamental to our individual and collective health.Global climate change is an additional concern regarding freshwater resources. In particular, the UN panel warned that climate change could reduce water supplies in North America and conflicts between the U.S. and Canada on the water reserves. So even in the Great Lakes region, global warming could create more frequent droughts, urban flooding and a scramble for water.Problem of water第2页/共15页LocationChicago is in the area of the Great Lakes of America, along Lake Michigan. 20% of freshwater reserves in the world are in the great lakes area. This equates to 95% of freshwater reserves of the United States. In 1899 it reversed the flow of the Chicago River to get water from the lake rather than come to this, so principal UrbanLab decision is to reverse this process and create a loop of 100% recycling of water out of Lake .This loop is carried out through Eco-Boulevards will have specially designed habitat for water recycling and capturing stormwater, through micro-organisms, invertebrates and vegetation. Furthermore, these Eco-Boulevards will join the existing park system. Finally, the massive drug tunnels and storm water drainage, obsolete at the time, was re used to improve light rail transit system in the city.第3页/共15页20% of the Earths fresh water is on deposit in the Great Lakes,95% of the United States fresh water is on deposit in the Great Lakes.1,000,000,000 gallons of Lake water per day are cosumed by Chicagoans,1% of drained water is revewed by Chicagoans. 第4页/共15页The growing Water project is inspired by three historic Chicago enigneering feats : (1) The “Emerald Necklace” of public parks , boulewards and waterways , which will be greatly supplemented by the new Eco-Boulevards;(2) The reversal of the Chicago River,which UrbanLab proposes to un-do in order to retain Lake Michigan; (3)The Deep Tunnel ,which UrbanLab proposes to reprogram to house mass-transportation trains.第5页/共15页Description of InitiativeThe Eco-Boulevard concept transforms existing roadways, sidewalks and parks (the “public-way”), which comprise more than a third of the land in a city such as Chicago into a holistic, distributed, passive bio-system for recycling Chicagos water. Treated water is returned to the Great Lakes, closing Chicagos water loop.第6页/共15页In the proposal, two types of bio-systems are at work: Type A and Type B. Type A is a hydroponic bio-machine that uses aquatic and wetland ecological processes to treat wastewater naturally. These processes are carried out in reactor tanks in enclosed greenhouses. Type B is a wetland bio-system that uses constructed wetlands and prairie landscapes that use low energy processes to biologically filter storm-water naturally.Eco-Boulevards are ecological treatment systems that make use of natural bioremediation processes to remove contaminants from storm-water and wastewater sources. 第7页/共15页the Team is in the process of: (1) preliminarily designing a full-scale bio-system prototype to be implemented on Chicagos south side; (2) creating an Eco-Boulevard Calculator to measure the performance and benefits of blue/green infrastructure; and (3) developing a Storm-water and a Wastewater Toolbox of best management practices (BMPs), which is a catalogue of Chicago-specific multifunctional blue/green best environmental and social practices.第8页/共15页第9页/共15页The metabolism of the city and its relationship to larger systems is becoming a critical space of inquiry, innovation and need for systemic solutions.his is done via site selection, programming and design. So the system not only mediates our relationship to the ecosystem but it begins to heal long rifts in older models of urbanization. The model is bold for taking on wastewater conditions and for the long-term vision of rendering the centralized systems obsolete. 第10页/共15页第11页/共15页SpacesTen miles along the boulevards to connect and expand the natural landscape of Chicago. They are placed every half mile, with what most people come to a green space walk fifteen minutes. The eco-boulevards also serve the function of uniting almost all open spaces.The design of each boulevard accommodate the needs of the neighborhoods that border it. Near shopping areas, function as solid squares. Next to the suburbs, worked as a park.第12页/共15页The benefits of eco-boulevardsSocialThe project will distribute green spaces in the city. New public spaces will be used for pedestrian or cycling, sports fields, fishing, and swimming holes. Furthermore, the planting area will allow city esidents have access to micro-organic farms of fruits, vegetables and flowers.EnvironmentBeyond producing a more sustainable water system, the project reduces the effect urban heat island, there is biological filtration of air pollutants (eg carbon dioxide), heavy metal rainwater and enhance biodiversity through the addition of insects, invertebrates, birds and wildlife habitat.SustainableStations were installed in renewable energy and at the ends of the eco-boulevards. We will use solar energy, wind, hydro, solid biomass and geothermal energy from the lake.EconomicIncrease the value of adjacent land significantly, especially in economically depressed areas.第13页/共15页Chicagos environmental and economic health is directly tied to the health of the Great Lakes. Blue/green Eco-Boulevards bolster Chicagos long-term vitality by filtering/recycling water, promoting walking/biking, nourishing bio-diversity, and fostering green-jobs. Eco-Boulevards emphasize interconnectivity to support Chicagos goal of sustainable urban growth.第14页/共15页