2019版高考英语二轮复习 第2板块 专题4 语法填空 第3节 四大解题技法学案（含解析）

第3节 四大解题技法技法一动词灵活多变，重点掌握其变化形式一、提示词是动词时，若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但与之是并列关系时，所填之词就是谓语动词，就需要考虑时态和语态。例1(2018·唐山市模拟)On a recent business trip to Shanghai，a local friend invited (invite)me to Wuzhen.例2(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)The bikes are equipped (equip)with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.二、提示词是动词时，若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填之词就是非谓语动词，这时就需要确定是动词-ing形式，-ed形式，还是不定式形式。1作目的状语用不定式的一般式，可位于句首或句中。例1(2018·辽宁省瓦房店市模拟)To prepare (prepare)for it，I went through Interview Skills，a book which prepares readers for job interviews.例2(2018·福建省高三质量检测)They send electronic mails instead of gathering to discuss (discuss)books.2作伴随状语用动词-ing形式。例3(2018·太原五中检测)Later，we ate peaches together over the kitchen sink，staring (stare)out at the garden.例4(2018·天水市二中检测)Jimmy accompanies Kate every day after his parents leave for work，taking (take)care of her.3作介词的宾语时，多用动词-ing形式。例5(2017·全国卷) Fast food is full of fat and salt；by eating (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.例6(2018·曲阜市模拟)As a child，he was enthusiastic about designing (design)complicated toys but unfortunately，he suffered from a disease that couldn't be cured.4非谓语动词转化的形容词作定语或表语时，表示“令人的”用动词-ing形式；表示“(感到)的”用过去分词。例7(2018·洛阳市统考)I think I will never forget the amazing (amaze)trip I had in Beijing，China and I can go there next time with my friends.例8(2018·厦门外国语学校模拟)Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed (disappoint)，as many of the artists who should have appeared did not come.三、提示词是动词，并且所填的词在句中作主语或宾语时，通常考查该动词所派生出的名词。例1(2018·齐齐哈尔市实验中学模拟)The final selection (select)for the current application program will be announced in 2017.例2(2018·湖南师大附中模拟)Except this practical reason for celebrating the Spring Festival，a popular Chinese legend offers another explanation(explain)技法二掌握名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词的基本用法一、提示词是名词，并且作主语或宾语时，通常考查其复数形式。例1(2018·唐山市五校联考)Many of the adults(adult)said they also felt addicted to their own phones.例2(2018·太原五中模拟)These people will sometimes ask other users(user)for information which shouldn't be given away.二、提示词是形容词，并且所填的词在句中作状语，通常考查该形容词派生出的副词。提示词是形容词或副词，根据句意判断空白处是否该用比较级或最高级。例1(2018·成都市第七中学模拟)And it is extremely (extreme)hard for us to put them into English properly.例2(2018·龙岩市质检)We had made our reservation six months earlier (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.三、提示词为人称代词，如作主语或宾语，通常考查人称代词的主格或宾格的单复数或名词性物主代词或反身代词。如作定语，则考查形容词性物主代词。例1(2018·潍坊市模拟)She knew that this was a present which was bound to please him (he)例2(2018·云南六校诊断)On my recent visit，I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its (it)mother.四、在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，空白处一定填代词。例1(2018·太原五中检测)Well，why don't you try moving that one over there?例2(2018·南昌二中模拟)He didn't say anything，just holding the flowers out to me.I accepted them with delight and walked out.例3(2018·成都市模拟)In the first place，it often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words and phrases to give expression to our mind.五、名词前面若无限定词修饰，空白处很可能是填冠词或形容词性物主代词。例1(2018·成都市第七中学模拟)I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills.例2(2018·齐齐哈尔八中模拟)It is an appealing book that includes what he went through during his childhood.技法三掌握介词的基本用法及各种搭配一、名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面的空白处一定是填介词。例1(2018·银川一中模拟)If he has a computer，cover his desktop with words like “I love you，Dad”例2(2018·衡阳八中模拟)The next morning，I went out to look for help，but in vain.二、动词、名词、形容词后很可能填介词。例1Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.例2(2018·淮北市模拟)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes to animals both on land and sea?例3(2018·襄阳二模)The spring tea taken during “Grain Rain” is rich in antioxidants，which can help reduce heat in the body，and is also said to be good for eyesight.三、名词前如不填冠词、代词，很可能填介词。例1(2018·重庆市联考)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.58 on the average.例2(2018·福建八校联考)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.例3(2018·江西五校模拟)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence. On the other hand，it could just put you in debt.技法四掌握连词和从句引导词的用法一、若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，空白处一定是填并列连词或从句引导词。例1(2018·临沂市模拟)They know a lot “about” English，but they never master the language.例2(2018·遵义四中模拟)The renaissance was a time when Europe started to develop its arts and sciences again.例3(2018·安徽省芜湖市模拟)Parents today do their best to leave possessions for their kids，whether they are rich or poor.二、逗号之后的句子如果不完整，一定是考查定语从句的引导词。例1My eldest son，whose work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.例2The Voice of China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music，where some have stood out among them.例3Written by the ancient Chinese military strategist Sunzi，the book consists of 13 chapters，each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare.(2017·全国卷)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road， 63 (lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 65 (use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.Later，engineers 68 (manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce)of electric­powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white­painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.,61.考查名词。提示词crowd前是形容词terrible，据此可知crowd为名词，作动词avoid的宾语，空白处应用其复数形式crowds。62考查介词。空白处无提示词，空白前有连词and，其前是介词to，故空白处应填入一个介词。根据句意“上下班”可知答案为from。63考查非谓语动词。提示词lay是动词，根据前面的digging和后面的and then building可知，空白处应填入laying，与digging和building并列作谓语动词included的宾语。64考查冠词。空白处无提示词，根据句意“在铁轨(track)的顶部(top)建了一个坚固的顶棚”可知top是特指“the top of the track”，故空白处应填入定冠词the。65考查动词的时态和语态。根据句子的结构和句意可知提示词use为动词，此处应作谓语。use与前面的主语Steam engines明显是被动关系，应用其被动语态形式。文章叙述的是1863年的事情，应用一般过去时，故答案为were used。66考查副词。提示词fair是形容词，其后的unpleasant也是形容词，根据语法规则，形容词通常需用副词来修饰，故空白处要填入fair派生出的副词fairly意为“相当地”。67考查代词。空白处无提示词，根据前面的were using可知空白处需填入一词作were using的宾语，再根据前文的the railway可知此处应填入代词it，指代the railway。68考查动词的时态。提示词manage是动词，与前面的主语engineers是主动关系，再根据后面的became可知空白处应填入manage的一般过去时形式managed。69考查派生词。提示词introduce是动词，根据其前面的冠词the可知空白处应填入introduce派生出的名词introduction。70考查派生词。提示词success是名词，根据空白前的was one of the most可知，这里是形容词的最高级，故此处应填入success派生出的形容词successful。5