2019版高考英语二轮复习 第2板块 专题4 语法填空 第4节 三处重点知识学案（含解析）

第4节 三处重点知识重点一基础词类的用法名词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2017·全国卷)This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect)such as overweight and heart disease.2(2018·厦门外国语学校模拟)If we don't take some measures(measure)right now，some day in the future，Chinese cultural heritage may be strange to our grandchildren. 名词单数变复数一般在名词词尾直接加-s：friendfriends；nationnations；changechanges；membermembers；paintingpaintings。3.(2016·四川高考)Any smell might attract natural enemies(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda. 词尾是“辅音字母y”时，变y为i再加-es：citycities；countrycountries；enemyenemies；difficultydifficulties。注意：词尾是“元音字母y”时，直接加-s：toytoys。4.(2018·衡阳八中模拟)Then I piled branches(branch)on myself，like a blanket，to stay as warm as I could.词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加-es：busbuses；foxfoxes；coachcoaches；bushbushes。注意：ch发/k/音时，加-s：stomachstomachs。5.(2018·赤峰市模拟)Two of my heroes(hero)have completed a big project.词尾是辅音字母o的单词，加-es：heroheroes；tomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes。元音字母o结尾的单词，加-s：zoos，studios。6.(2018·福州市质检)But China and Western countries do not have the same cultural beliefs(belief)about dogs.7The green leaves(leaf)with red blooms are very pleasant to look at.词尾是f或fe时，多数将f或fe变为ves：shelfshelves；knifeknives；wolfwolves；少数直接加-s：roofroofs；beliefbeliefs。8.(2018·银川一中模拟)He raised six children(child)by himself after his wife died.名词复数的不规则变化：childchildren；footfeet；mousemice；phenomenonphenomena；mediummedia。冠词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·河北省五个一联盟模拟)As you know，science plays a very important role in our education.2(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学模拟)He passed a CD store and looked through the front door for a second. 不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物；定冠词the特指某人或某物。3.(2018·包头市一模)It has an area of 9,653 square kilometers，and an average rainfall of 1,2001,600 mm.4(2018·山东实验中学模拟)There might be a day when the dining table art can also become a universal language in the world.不定冠词在元音音素前(不是元音字母)用an，在辅音音素前(不是辅音字母)用a。5.(2018·淮南市模拟)Being the world's most popular online battle game，it already has over 200 million players in China.6(2018·山西省五地市联考)In the 1980s，Fountain travelled through time once again to glance at how tea drinking had changed in China.最高级、序数词、独一无二的词前面用定冠词the。the还用在表示年代的逢十的数词复数形式前。7.(2016·全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，the other is with mumshe never suspects.8(2016·全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for a while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.不定冠词和定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。近三年全国卷考到的有as a result，for a while，one .，the other .等。代词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·唐山市五校联考)Most parents surveyed said they believed their teens were addicted to mobile devices.2(2018·丹东市模拟)Many students keep up with the show.They refer to it as “the interesting Chinese lessons on TV”.人称代词第三人称的主格与宾格常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。3.(2018·齐齐哈尔市模拟)In a Weibo post ，he thanked netizens for their(they)love and praise. 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。4.(2018·德州市模拟)He who conquers others is strong；he who conquers himself(he)is mighty.反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者。5.The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but neither contained any useful suggestions.不定代词both，either，neither表示两者；all，any，none表示三者或三者以上。6.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；another表示“(三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；others泛指其余的人或物。7.(2018·泰安市质检)To be honest，it was hard to imagine it was ever a desert at all.it可作形式主语、形式宾语或构成某些固定结构。介词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2016·四川高考)The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.2(2018·遵义四中模拟)The Mona Lisa is a picture of a woman with a meaningful smile.3(2018·洛阳市统一考试)I was so excited to visit it with my family last summer vacation.4(2018·沈阳市模拟)Chinese media reported on Wednesday evening that McDonald's Chinese business changed its name on Oct.12.5(2018·吉林市普通中学调研测试)For Britain，the train is part of an effort to strengthen trade links with the rest of the world as it prepares to leave the European Union in two years' time.1.掌握介词的基本用法，近三年全国卷考查到的有：as 作为，in在方面，by乘坐(交通工具)。2注意一词多义的介词，例如with可意为：和一起；具有，带有；随着；用；凭借；由于，因为等。3注意易混介词的对比，例如表示时间的in，on，at；表示时间的in，after；表示交通方式的by，on/in等。6.(2016·全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.7(2018·厦门市质检)A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.8(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Others say that access to these very special parts of the world should not be restricted to only researchers and scientists.9(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学校模拟)He never went outside but he was tired of staying at home and wanted to go out for once.1.牢记介词与动词的搭配；2牢记介词与名词的搭配；3牢记介词与形容词的搭配。注：近三年全国卷考查到的介词的搭配有：to and from，go back to，be focused on等。形容词、副词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2016·全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of greater (great)and less importance.2(2018·南昌二中模拟)For just a few moments，I felt nothing was better (good)than helping those in need.3(2018·湖北省八校联考)Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt seriously with: the more important(important)the occasion，the more complex the procedures were.4(2018·昆明第一中学模拟)Though Britain's relationship with tea is far shorter(short)，tea plays the most important part as the UK's national drink.形容词和副词的比较级：1若空格后有than，空格处需填比较级，要特别注意暗含的比较级。2“the比较级 .，the比较级 .”结构。3在much，far，still，even，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal等后常需填比较级。5.(2018·葫芦岛市模拟)China's new-generation high-speed train，the Fuxing，is now the fastest(fast)train in the world，which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h.6Every year，during the Lantern Festival，the Chinese village of Nuanquan hosts one of the most (much)beautiful shows in the world.形容词和副词的最高级：1表达在某个范围内“最”用最高级，其标志词有in，of等。2最高级前可用the，one of the等修饰。若空格前有这些词，就很可能填最高级。7.(2016·全国卷)The title will be officially (official)given to me at a ceremony in London.8(2018·太原五中模拟)Because users can easily(easy)remain anonymous(匿名的)，chat rooms often attract people interested in more than just friendly chatting.9(2018·河北衡水中学模拟)I can buy and eat whatever I want simply(simple)with a tap of my phone.形容词变副词的规则：1一般情况加-ly，例如immediateimmediately。2以“辅音字母y”结尾，将y改为i然后加-ly，例如happyhappily。3以-le结尾，去掉e加-y，例如gentlegently；以-l结尾，双写l再加-y，例如carefulcarefully。重点二动词的用法动词的时态自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·烟台市高考诊断性测试)When a balloon flies(fly)into the sky，it doesn't end up staying here.一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。2.(2016·四川高考)However，it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then，after two and a half years，the mother drove (drive)the young panda away.一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；或过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。3.If you read as a hobby，you will get (get)better and better at it. 一般将来时表示在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或状况。will do还可以表示临时的决定。4.(2018·牡丹江市模拟)In recent years，learning Chinese has become(become)popular among people around the world. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，也可表示动作或状态持续到现在并有可能进行下去。5.He thanked me for helping him as he had asked(ask )four others before and they told him no.过去完成时表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”。6.I am writing(write)a letter.Will you please turn down the radio？现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。7.He was looking(look)for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。8.I have been writing(write)an article all the afternoon and haven't finished yet.现在完成进行时表示从过去的某一时刻到现在一直进行的动作。动词的语态自查自纠要点归纳1.(2016·四川高考)The giant panda is loved(love)by people throughout the world.一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are过去分词2.(2016·全国卷)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research.I was allowed(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were过去分词3.(2018·天水市模拟)We will be given(give)a choice when we come across our earthly nature.一般将来时的被动语态的构成：will/shall be过去分词4.Stop talking at once；the latest news about the Olympic Games is being broadcast(broadcast).现在进行时的被动语态的构成：am/is/are being过去分词5.The woman was walking about outside the operation room，because her son was being operated(operate)on.过去进行时的被动语态的构成：was/were being过去分词6.(2018·新余市模拟)However，since Donald Trump came to power，certain changes of the immigration policy has been made(make).现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have/has been 过去分词7.Mr.Mat had been persuaded(persuade)to give up smoking in the office by the time he started his new job.过去完成时的被动语态的构成：had been过去分词8.(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)Should tourists be allowed(allow)to visit polar regions？情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词be过去分词非谓语动词.非谓语动词作主语和宾语自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·兰州一中模拟)As is known，playing(play)team sports is popular all over the world.2(2018·河南省八市测评)It becomes the duty of media to provide(provide)only relevant and precise information to the masses.1.非谓语动词作主语表示一般行为时用动名词。2不定式作主语时，常考查it作形式主语，而真正作主语的不定式后置。3.(2016·全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.4(2018·南昌二中模拟)At the sight of the situation，I smiled and offered to pay(pay)the balance，which was $20 altogether.5(2018·衡阳八中模拟)Thinking about all the survival tips I had learnt on TV shows，I tried not to panic(panic)6(2018·菏泽市模拟)Before he set off，he killed himself by drinking(drink)a kind of strong poison.1.有些词后只跟不定式作宾语，例如agree，decide等。2有些词后只跟动名词作宾语，例如enjoy，finish等。3有些词后跟不定式与动名词作宾语有明显的区别，例如forget，remember，regret，mean，stop，try等。4介词后一般用动名词作宾语。.非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语自查自纠要点归纳1.(2016·四川高考)For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something to eat(eat)!2(2018·河南省八市测评)The best thing about the mass media is that it immediately provides us with the latest information about the things happening(happen)around us.3(2018·六盘山高级中学模拟)Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry written(write)in classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms.1.非谓语动词作定语时，表示将来时要用不定式。2非谓语动词作定语时，表示主动和进行要用现在分词；表示被动和完成要用过去分词。4.(2018·日照市校际联考)But in recent years，the museum has been working hard to promote(promote)Chinese cultural heritage among young people.5(2018·泉州市质检)However，none of the human studies ran for longer than two years，making(make)conclusions about long-term outcomes impossible.6(2018·南昌二中模拟)Faced(face)with this situation，she had no choice but to ask the cashier to cancel it.1.非谓语动词作目的状语、表示意料之外的结果状语或原因状语(后置)时，需考虑用动词不定式。2非谓语动词作时间、原因(句首)、结果(意料之中的)和伴随状语时，需考虑分词。如果动词与逻辑主语是主动关系，要考虑用现在分词；若是被动关系要用过去分词。3关注-ed在一些固定搭配中的用法。如(be)faced with，(be)lost in，(be)devoted to等。7.(2018·丹东市模拟)We hope that National Chinese Characters Contest will get more people to brush(brush)up our written language.8(2018·临沂市模拟)They were made to recite(recite)sentences and passages from their books.9(2018·山东省实验中学模拟)It's an“obsession with art”that keeps her moving(move)forward on this road.10When we saw the road blocked(block)with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.1.应熟知跟不定式作补语的动词，如invite，allow等。2感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变成被动语态后需带to。3分词作补语时，若动词与宾语是主动关系用现在分词；若是被动关系用过去分词。重点三并列连词和从句引导词的用法并列连词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby，and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.2(2018·德州市模拟)We cannot control what happens to us in many cases，but we can control how we react to them.3(2018·太原五中模拟)And just like in the real life，there are some people on the web who can take advantage of you either financially or physically.4Everything was cheap there，so we did a lot of shopping.5The short road，the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.6Some of us let these dreams die，while others protect them and take care of them through bad days.并列连词的基本类型：1表示并列或递进关系时要考虑and，both .and .，not only .but (also).等。2表示转折或对比关系时要考虑but，while等。3表示选择关系时要考虑or，either .or .等。4表示因果关系时要考虑so，for等。7.(2018·大庆实验中学模拟)The other day I was doing some grocery shopping when a man walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.8Choose to be happy，and we can have a lot of good and happy days continually.由并列连词构成的常用句式：1be doing sth.when ./be about to do sth.when ./had just done.when.。2祈使句and/or陈述句。定语从句的引导词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·银川一中模拟)It is my duty to explain to you some of the history of our college and some of the traditions that/which I hope you will continue.2(2018·河南省六市联考)These days the children don't play at break time any more，and they are all in front of their smart phones，which affects their health.3(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)There they met people from other parts of the country，who had also volunteered to help.4(2018·日照市校际联考)The participants，whose ages range from 7 to 70，include students，farmers，teachers and foreign competitors with an interest in Chinese literature.5(2018·包头市一模)The city has built 12 state-level tourist areas by now，of which one is 5A class scenic spot and four sites are 4A level.6Though you learn a lot of English grammar，you are afraid to speak English，especially with foreigners，with whom you have to work.7As is known to all，nowadays the Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.1.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，要考虑用引导词that(指人和物)，which(指物)，who/whom(指人)。2非限制性定语从句中不能用that引导，应考虑用which或who(m)。3当定语从句中缺少定语时，一般用whose(指人和物)。4定语从句的关系代词若在介词后要考虑用whom(指人)或which(指物)。5当定语从句置于句首时，要用as。as常指整个句子，表示“正如”。8.(2018·河北省五个一联盟模拟)There are many good websites where you can check out the latest in the science world.9(2018·西安市第一中学模拟)The roots of the carnival date back to 1833，when slavery was abolished(废除)10The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.当定语从句中缺少时间状语、地点状语或原因状语时，要考虑用when，where或why。名词性从句的引导词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·绵阳市模拟)For ten years，there was no evidence that this figure existed；just a few eyewitness accounts in the newspaper.2(2018·包头九中模拟)The question is whether you are ready at this time to go for it.名词从句包括：主语、宾语、表语、同位语从句。当名词性从句中缺少引导词，但引导词不作任何成分时，要考虑用that或whether。3.(2018·烟台市诊断性测试)What we should do is to get creative and come up with alternative ways to celebrate.4I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.5Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分时，就要考虑关系代词who，whom，whose，what，which，who(m)ever，whatever，whichever等。6.(2015·全国卷)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.7If we want to truly understand why animals are eating plastic in the ocean，we have to think about how animals find food.8The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.当名词性从句中缺少时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，要考虑用关系副词when，where，why，how等。状语从句的引导词自查自纠要点归纳1.(2018·南昌二中模拟)When I got to the store，there were people waiting in line.2(2018·吉林省实验中学模拟)They put on protective suits and gloves before they entered the building.时间状语从句的引导词主要有when，while，as，before，after，since，till/until，once等。3.(2018·天水市二中检测)He has got back his own confidence though/although he is still a disabled boy.4(2018·聊城市模拟)No matter what others think you should be like，it's always best to be your true self.让步状语从句的引导词主要有although，though，as，while，no matter疑问词或疑问词-ever。5.(2018·广州市调研考试)If you were to count all the microbes on and inside your body，you would find your body has more microbes than the world has people.条件状语从句的引导词主要有if或unless。6.(2018·郑州一中模拟)However，most scientists regard it as nothing more than a legend because there is a lack of concrete evidence.原因状语从句中的引导词主要有because，as或since。7.If you happen to get lost in the wild，you'd better stay where you are and wait for help.地点状语从句通常由where引导。8.(2018·东北师大附中模拟)Some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to check the clock.结果状语从句主要是so/such .that .中that的考查。10