2022年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试名师押题密卷38（带答案）

住在富人区的她2022年职称英语-职称英语(卫生类)考试名师押题密卷（带答案）题目一二三四五六总分得分一.单项选择题(共30题)1.                                                          Pandemic (大面积流行的）H1N1 2009    The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal （集中的）increases in rates during recent weeks were_ (51) in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory（呼吸的）disease activity with concurrent （同时存在的）circuation of pandemic infuenza still_ (52) in parts of southern and eastern Europe，_ (53) inGreece，Poland, and Ukraine.    In Western Europe，influenza transmission remains _ (54 ) and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, _ (55)，very small numbers of seasonal influenza viruses, covering less than 1% of all influenza viruses found, were reported in Russia.In_ (56)，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries _ (57) the Mediterranean coast.    In Central Asia，limited data _ (58) that influenza virus circulation remains active，but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia，Israel, Iran，and Iraq also appear to have passed their                   (59) period of transmissionwithin the past month, though both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet_ (60) to baseline levels. In East Asia, influenza transmission remains active but appears to be                           (61)overall. Slight increases in ILI were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity _(62) one month ago.    In North America，influenza transmission _ (63) widespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease _ (64) has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts，                   (65) for focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries.A. aboveB. fromC. overD. since正确答案：C,2.                                                             Preventing Child   Maltreatment （虐待）    Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence （流行）of child maltreatment. Data for many countries，especially low- and middle-income countries，are lacking.    Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5% ?10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25%?50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally，many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse and neglect).    Every year，there are about 31，000 homicide （杀人）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls，bums and drowning.    Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair （伤害）the development of the nervous and immune （免疫）systems. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via （通过）the behavioural and mental health consequences，maltreatment can contribute to heart disease，cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.    Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment, there is an economic impact， including costs of hospitalization，mental health treatment，child welfare，and longer-term health costs.    A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts，but provide an overview when one attempts to understand the causes of child maltreatment.    It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated， such as being either under four years old or an adolescent， being unwanted，or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.We can infer from the passage that  A. researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatment.B. more than 31，000 children under 15 are killed every year.C. many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated children.D. some children are also to blame for maltreatment.正确答案：B,3.Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today.In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one.In many countries，cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professionals worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones.In England，there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be defecfed with modem scanning (扫描）equipment.In one case，a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day，every day of his working week，for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use，but his employers doctor didnt agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? Tlie answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones, Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too sma!l to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient，especially in emergencies. In the future，mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now，its wise not to use your mobile phone too often.The word “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced byA. cured.B. removed.C. discovered.D. caused.正确答案：C,4.World Heart Day Sunday was World Heart Day. The World Heart Federation and its member groups in more than one hundred countries organized the celebrations. The World Health Organization and other United Nations agencies provided support for the_(51) . World Heart Day was first observed six years_ (52) .Organizers proposed the event as a way to help reduce the spread of heart disease. The World Heart Federation says heart_(53)killsseventeen millionpeopleeachyear. The group urges people to be active and have a good，healthy diet. It also warns_(54) activities known to increase a persons risk of heart attack or stroke. Some of the warnings are directed at children. The World Heart Federation says about twenty-two million boys and girls under the age of five are obese severely overweight. Children are normally energetic and active. _ (55 )，two thirds of all children are not active enough. Such children greatly _ (56) their risk of becoming obese. They also increase their_(57) of developing heart disease or other disorders. One message of World Heart Day is to eat right. Children _ (58) eat a healthy and balanced diet. Also,limit sugary drinks，sweets and eating between meals. The World Heart Federation urges parents to keep their children _(59). !t says physical exercise helps to decrease the risk of obesity and_ (60) a child healthy. Obese children often become obese adults. _ (61) you believe your child is too heavy，talk with a health care provider. The World Heart Federation is also concerned about the effects of tobacco on young people. It says the younger someone begins to smoke，the _ (62) the chance of a health problem tied to smoking. Half of the young people who continue to smoke are _(63) to die later in life from a smoking-related disease. The group says almost half of all childrenlive with a smoker. It says children who live with a _ (64) can breathe an amount of tobacco equal to more than two thousand cigarettes. And that is by the time they are five years old. The World Heart Federation also says parents should warn children not to be _ (65) by tobacco companies. And it says parents who smoke should try to stop. A. groupB. eventC. organizationD. agency正确答案：B,5. Organic Food ： Why? 1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world，expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people? The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneselfes natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses. 2 Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made，fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation (轮种）improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals.As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land； there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environ-menial benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dicixide (排放)by transporting food. 3 organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into orgmte farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional props. Even where results indicated there was evidence of a difference, the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health. 4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always be misleading. Food is a natural product, and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons，including freshness，the way the food is cooked， the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received, and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure (_便）or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up. 5 The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins (毒素）_ As one research expert says ： “ People think that the more natural something is，the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact, it is the opposite that is true： the closer a plant is to its natural state, the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten, so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops. ” There is no convincing evidence to_ A. affect their nutritional contentB. be specially trainedC. improve soil qualityD. be eatenE. show that organic crops are safer than conventional onesF. poison you正确答案：E,6.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one .A. judgeB. assessC. distinguishD. recognize正确答案：C,7.Dreams Everyone can dream. Indeed, everyone does dream. Those who (51)thatthey never dream at all actually dream (52) as frequently as the rest of us， (53)they may not remember anything about it. Even those of us who are perfectly (54) of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in (55)detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated _ (56),Dreams are not simply visual we dream with all our (57)so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste. One of the worlds oldest_ (58) written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams. This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see _ _ (59) dreams were believed to have a special significance even then. Many ancient civilizations believed that you_(60) never wake a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return _(61) time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken. From ancient times to the present (62)，people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to (63) their significance. There are many books availableon the (64) of dream interpretation， although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream (65) there are books. A. studyB. attachC. explainD. reach正确答案：C,8.The Mind-Body Connections Norman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964，he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldn't move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis (强 直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse. Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for one's health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition. He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better. Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work. Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didn't believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health , and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确答案：B,9.弟一篇                                                     The Workfs Best-Se川ng Medicine     Since ancient times，people all over the world have used w川ow to stop pain. The willow tree contains salicytic acid (水杨酸）. This stops pain，but there is one problem. Salicylic acid also hurts the stomach. In 1853，a French scientist made a mixture from willow that did not hurt the stomach. However, his mixture was difficult to make，and he did not try to produce or sell it.    In 1897, in Germany,Felix Hoffmann also made a mixture with salicylic atcid. He tried it himself first abouthen gave it to his father because his father was old and in a lot of pain. His father's prevent away, and the mixture did not hurt his stomach.    Hoffmann Worked for Bayer, a German company. He showed his new drug to his manage,who tested the drug and found that it worked well. Bayer decided to make the drug. They called it aspirin and put the Bayer name on every pill.    Aspirin was an immediate success. Almost everyone has pain of some kind，so aspirin answered a true need. Aspirin was cheap, easy to take，and effective. It also lowered fevers. Aspirin was a winder drug.    At first, Bayer sold the drug through doctors， who then sold it to their patients. In 1915, the company stared to sell aspirin in drugstores.In the United States，Bayer had a patent（专利权）on the drug. Other companies could make similar products and sell them in other countries，but only Bayer could make and sell aspirin in the United States. In time， Bayer could no longer own the name aspirin in the United States. Other companies could make it there，too. However，Bayer aspirin was the most well known，and for many years ,it was the market leader.    By the 1950s new painkillers were on the market. Aspirin was no longer the only way to treat pain and reduce fever. Bayer and other companies looked for other drugs to make. However,in the 1970s they got a surprise. Doctors noticed that patients who were taking aspirin had fewer heart attacks than other people. A British researcher named John Vane found the reason aspirin helped to prevent heart attacks. In 1982， he won the Nobel Prize for his research. Doctors started to tell some of their patients to take aspirin every day to prevent heart attacks. It has made life better for the many people who take it. It has also made a lot of money for companies like Bayer that produce and sell it!Bayer started making aspirin because_A it worked well in stopping painB it helped prevent heart attacksC other companies were making itD the manager was a scientist正确答案：A,10.                                                        Preventing Child   Maltreatment （虐待）    Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence （流行）of child maltreatment. Data for many countries，especially low- and middle-income countries，are lacking.    Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless, international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5% ?10% of men report being sexually abused as children, while 25%?50% of all children report being physically abused. Additionally，many children are subject to emotional abuse (sometimes referred to as psychological abuse and neglect).    Every year，there are about 31，000 homicide （杀人）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion