考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷47（附带答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Tom Jones, who（ ） around the world, will come to Asia next month.问题1选项A.will be touringB.have touredC.had been touringD.has been touring【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知，这里是已经开始并持续进行的动作，所以应该用现在完成进行时。选项D正确。2.单选题问题1选项A.sent upB.sent offC.sent outD.sent in【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。3.单选题In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together with some of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society which he had founded in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japans Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech. Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless”. Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the generals office and there, before the generals unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the traditional samurai ritual of seppuku. After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword. The aide likewise killed himself and was beheaded; the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive regime of General Tojo that was to stage the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. That earlier revolt is the one referred to in Patriotism, one of Mishimas most powerful stories. Here life and fiction become joined. The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Born of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a heros death in accordance with the ancient samurai code; but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building (he became expert at karate and kendo) and, most important, through the discipline of writing. In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage. His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japans Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.1.The article implies that （ ） .2.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was （ ）.3.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima （ ） .4.What is true according to the article?5.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had （ ）.问题1选项A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was youngB.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writerC.Mishima is a person who is hard to defineD.critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer问题2选项A.to capture the commanding generalB.to urge the government to declare a war against AmericaC.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the constitutional governmentD.to force the Emperor to give up the throne问题3选项A.was well received by the soldiersB.was laughed at by the soldiersC.impressed the commanding generalD.left a deep impression to the soldiers问题4选项A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a heros death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishimas suicide attempt.C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima, s speech.D.One of Mishimas aides was killed by the soldiers.问题5选项A.written “Patriotism,” one of his most powerful storiesB.written eighty short storiesC.published “A Forest in Flower”D.published “Confession of a Mask”【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节推理题。根据原文内容可知，本文主要是讲Yukio Mishima的生平，选项A与原文不符；选项B和D太片面，选项C更准确，所以本题选C。2.细节判断题。根据关键词“rebel”定位到第一段“Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional government imposed by the United States.”Mishima向军队发表了十分钟的演讲，煽动他们反抗美国强加给他们的立宪政府。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段“Receiving only ridicule in response”可知Mishima发表演讲后只得到嘲笑的回应，选项B符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第二段“The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfillment,the ultimate dream of my life.”切腹自尽对Mishima来说是一种实现，实现的是他“生命中的终极梦想”。也就是说他渴望像英雄一样死去，选项A正确。选项B在文中没有提及；选项C, D均与原文不符。所以本题选A。5.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“.but it was Confession of a Mask (1948), ., that brought him fame.”可知选项D正确。4.单选题The instructions on how to use the new machine（ ） that nobody seemed to be able to understand.问题1选项A.were very simplisticB.was very confusedC.were so confusingD.was so simplistic【答案】C【解析】根据下文句意，没人能理解，首先排除选项A和D；confused的主语是人；confusing的主语是物。本句的主语是instructions，所以选项C正确。5.单选题“Two hundred eight million, two hundred nine million, two hundred ten million.” That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States in 1996. Solid wastes are materials that are discarded or thrown away after use by consumers and businesses. This does not include fluid materials. During that year, Americans threw away 210 million tons (about 43 pounds/20 kilograms per person daily) of garbage. We throw away 12. 4 million tons of glass and about 80 million tons of paper products. America also throws away large amounts (in tons) of food scraps, yard wastes, plastics, sludge from sewage treatment plants, and other materials. That is almost a mountain of garbage.Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste, the amount of waste keeps increasing each year. Our biggest problem is where to put the solid waste and how to keep it from polluting our environment. If solid waste is disposed of incorrectly, it can contaminate our surface and underground water supplies. Currently, our municipal waste or waste collected by our cities and towns, goes to landfills. Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps. This waste must be treated to keep rats, flies and other animals from building their home in the landfills. The treat also prevents the growth of bacteria and other organism that carry diseases. So, how do we handle this mountain of garbage? Scientists have come up with different methods for handling our waste problem.One type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California, in 1937. In sanitary landfill, the solid waste is spread in thin layers that compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This is a more expensive method, but it takes away the hazards that are caused by landfills. It also allowed the land to be used for building or recreation. The negative of the landfills is that its tough to find open land and this process is very expensive. The land also needs its water sources protected so that the water will not pollute the water supply. Landfill (water dumps) and sanitary landfills rely on the natural biodegradability of the solid wastes. Solid waste are biodegradable if they can decay or break down through the action of living organisms and return to the earth. However certain materials take longer to decay than others, and some materials do not decay or decompose at all. Scientists need to find other methods of waste disposal. Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.1.This passage is about disposal problem of solid waste（ ）.2.From the article we can infer that（ ）.3.According to the article, about（ ）is dumped to landfills.4.The word “recycle”( Line 1, Paragraph 2) means（ ）.5.According to the article, which one of the following is NOT true?问题1选项A.by consumersB.in CaliforniaC.by municipal governmentD.in America问题2选项A.treatment of the solid is a hard nut to crackB.solution for proper disposal will be found soonC.California set a good example in solid waste in 1930sD.the government remains confident about the solid waste问题3选项A.12. 4 million tons of garbageB.80 million tons of garbageC.85% of the garbageD.92. 4 tons of garbage问题4选项A.to send something far awayB.to throw something away to the right placeC.to convert waste into reusable materialD.to turn into fertilizers问题5选项A.Solid waste does not include fluid materials.B.Sanitary landfill is a type of waste disposal method once used in California.C.Burning is not a method that is used today.D.Composting is still one of the ways to handle the mountain of garbage【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States.”可知，本文主要讲的是全美国的固体垃圾处理问题，所以选项D正确。2.信息归纳题。根据原文可知，尽管我们一直在为处理固体垃圾不断努力，但每年废弃物的数量都在不断增加，由此可知，这是一个棘手的难题，选项A正确；焚烧和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科学家需要找到其他废物处理方法，由此可知这是一个漫长的过程，所以选项B不正确；根据最后一段，加州虽然首次使用了卫生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以选项C不正确；选项D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第二段“Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps.”大约85%的垃圾进入了垃圾填埋场或垃圾场。选项C符合原文。4.词义推断题。“recycle”指循环利用。选项C将废物转化为可重复使用的材料，正确。5.是非判断题。根据第一段“This does not include fluid materials.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段第一句“One type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California.”可知选项B正确;根据最后一段最后一句“Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段第一句“Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste”可知选项D正确。所以本题选C。6.单选题Evidence, reference, and footnotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different theoretical and political positions.问题1选项A.trustworthyB.intelligentC.diligentD.meticulous【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。scrupulous指小心谨慎的。trustworthy 可靠的，可信赖的；intelligent聪明的；diligent用功的，费尽心思的；meticulous小心翼翼的。选项D与划线部分意思最为接近。7.单选题The secretary didnt know who he was, or she（ ） him more politely.问题1选项A.will be treatingB.would have treatedC.was treatingD.would have been treated【答案】B【解析】句子是对过去发生的事进行推测，所以应该用虚拟语气，首先排除选项A和C；根据句意可知，主语是she，是动作的执行者，所以为主动语态，选项B正确。8.写作题Write an essay of about 200 words on the topic : “China Is not Ready for E-education”(E-education : a type of education conducted in the environment of the Internet with the guidance of modern educational theories). Write your essay on your Answer Sheet II.【答案】China Is not Ready for E-education9.单选题A completely new situation is bound to （ ）when the examination system is introduced.问题1选项A.riseB.ariseC.raiseD.arouse【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。句意：当考试制度被引入时，必然会出现一个全新的局面。arise没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。所以选项B正确。10.单选题The increase in student numbers （ ） many problems for the universities.问题1选项A.forcesB.pressesC.providesD.poses【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。