2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二卷

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二卷英语二（科目代码：204） 英语完形 英语阅读理解 小标题 翻译 英语应用文写作 英语图表写作 英语答卷英语完形Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives5, people will simply become lazy and depressed.6, todays unemployed dont seem to be havinga great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for7Americans. Also, some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the13of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively16for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel18,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1A boasting B denying C warning D ensuring【答案】C warning2A inequality B instability C unreliability D uncertainty【答案】A inequality3A policy Bguideline C resolution D prediction【答案】D prediction4A characterized Bdivided C balanced Dmeasured【答案】A characterized5A wisdom B meaning C glory D freedom【答案】B meaning6A Instead B Indeed C Thus D Nevertheless【答案】B Indeed7A rich B urban Cworking D educated【答案】C working8A explanation B requirement C compensation D substitute【答案】A explanation9A under B beyond C alongside D among【答案】D among10A leave behind B make up C worry about D set aside【答案】C worry about11A statistically B occasionally C necessarily D economically【答案】C necessarily12A chances B downsides C benefits D principles【答案】B downsides13A absence B height C face D course【答案】A absence14A disturb B restore C exclude D yield【答案】D yield15A model B practice C virtue D hardship【答案】C virtue16A tricky B lengthy C mysterious D scarce【答案】D scarce17A demands B standards C qualities D threats【答案】A demands18A ignored B tired C confused D starved【答案】B tired19A off B against C behind D into【答案】D into20A technological B professional C educational D interpersonal【答案】B professional英语阅读理解Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the runup to 2012but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots”, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goodsmaking sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has .A gained great popularityB created many jobsC strengthened community tiesD become an official festival【答案】A gained great popularity22. The author believes that Londons Olympic“legacy” has failed to .A boost population growthB promote sport participationC improve the citys imageD increase sport hours in schools【答案】B promote sport participation23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .A aims at discovering talentsB focuses on mass competitionC does not emphasize elitismD does not attract first-timers【答案】C does not emphasize elitism24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should .A organize “grassroots” sports eventsB supervise local sports associationsC increase funds for sports clubsD invest in public sports facilities【答案】D invest in public sports facilities25. The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .A tolerantB criticalC uncertainD sympathetic【答案】B criticalText 2 With so much focus on children use of screens, it is easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “tech is designed to really suck you in ,”says jenny pedesky in her study of diital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement . it makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.” Pedesky has studied the use of mobile phone and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise stared 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer bnonverbal interaction with their children. During a separate observation she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive-as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Padesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist. Ed tronick in the 1970s. in it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: the child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “parents dont have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to be a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says radesky. On the other hand, tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens ate born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “it is based on a somewhat fantasized very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 3000words you are neglecting them” tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no value it-particularyly if gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them to be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _.A simplify routine mattersB absorb user attentionC better interpersonal relationsD increase work efficiency【答案】B absorb user attention27. Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _.A takes away babies appetiteB distracts childrens attentionC slows down babies verbal developmentD reduces mother-child communication【答案】D reduces mother-child communication28. Radeskys cites the “still face experiment” to show that _.A it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC children are insensitive to changes in their parents moodD parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs【答案】D parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.A protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC ensure constant interaction with their childrenD remain concerned about kids use of screens【答案】C ensure constant interaction with their children30. According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.A give their parents some free timeB make their parents more creativeC help them with their homeworkD help them become more attentive【答案】A give their parents some free timeText 3 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic.But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuitsin fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changesall things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders. If youre not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extrayear were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking agap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_.A they think it academically misleadingB they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC it feels strange to do differently from othersD it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】C it feels strange to do differently from others32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_.A keep students from being unrealisticB lower risks in choosing careersC ease freshmens financial burdensD relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】D relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation” (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_.A adaptationB applicationC motivationD competition【答案】A adaptation34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_.A avoid academic failuresB establish long-term goalsC switch to another collegeD decide on the right major【答案】D decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be_.A In Favor of the Gap YearB The ABCs of the Gap YearC The Gap Year Comes BackD The Gap Year: A Dilemma【答案】A In Favor of the Gap YearText 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting firesnearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other worksuch as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeepthat affect the lives of all Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? “Its already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says.” We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?” “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?” Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say. For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate changehow the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires. While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldnt come at the expense of the rest of the equation. “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.” At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fires inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says. “Weve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_.A exhausted unprecedented management effortsB consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC severely damaged the ecology of western statesD caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】B consumed a record-high percentage of budget37. Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to_.A raise more funds for fire-prone areasB avoid the redirection of federal moneyC find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】D guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that_.A public debates have not settled yetB fire-fighting conditions are improvingC other factors should not be overlookedD a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】C other factors should not be overlooked39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_.A discover the fundamental makeup of natureB explore the mechanism of the human systemsC maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】D understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should_.A do away withB come to terms withC pay a price forD keep away from【答案】B come to terms with小标题Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)Part BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SH