英美国家文化概况

判断题（红为对）UKU11. The United Kingdom is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large islands and hundreds of small ones. 5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain.6. The monwealth of Nations is a free association of independent countries that all used to be colonies of Britain.7.In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe.8. The longest river in Britain is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.10.Britains climate is influenced by the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current that sweeps up from the equator and flows past the British Isles.U21. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.2. London and England as a whole have great influence over the rest of the United Kingdom because of their large population.3. People of Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi origin are the largest group of immigrants in Britain.4. pared to the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.5. The Welsh language is the official language in Wales.6. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.7. The English language is the predominant language in Northern Ireland.8. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.9. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.10. Britishness is associated with political, historical, technological, sporting, and cultural achievements in Britain.U31. The first Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. 2.The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries.3. The Magna Carta defined the Kings feudal rights, preventing him from arbitrarily collecting revenue. 4. The Black Death once ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.5.During Edward IIIs reign, the war with France known as the Hundred Years War began.6. The Wars of the Roses were in the main a great contest for Crown between the rival houses of York and Lancaster.7. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and she was determined to make England once again a Protestant country.8.James son, Charles I, who succeeded him in 1625, also thought that his right to rule was God-given.9. The establishment of the British East India pany in 1600 was a case of economic penetration.U41. Although the monarch does not have any real power, he (or she) does have great influence.2.Britain does not have a written constitution.3.Each Member of Parliament represents a constituency, and holds his seat during the life of a Parliament.4. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.5. The party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Lords bees the official Opposition.6. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the remendation of the Prime Minister.7. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.8. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.U51. Although Britain is a unitary state, it does not have a single legal system.2. A Magistrates Court sits with a jury.3. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary.4. Officers in Great Brain do not normally carry firearms. 5. Londons Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.6.The main courts of civil jurisdiction in England and Wales are the County Courts.7. House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law.8. Lord Chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain.9.Unless the case with which an arrested person is charged is very serious, he will usually be granted bail if he cannot be brought before the court within a day.10. If a person is charged with murder, and has insufficient means, he must be granted legal aid.U61.A century ago the British economy was among the strongest in the world.2. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist. 3. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy.4.In Britain service industries account for about two-thirds of its gross domestic product.5. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britains “Silicon Glen”.6. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials.7. Most of the United Kingdoms trade is with other developed countries, especially other members of the European Union. 8. The value of Britains exports of goods usually exceeds the value of its imports. 9.Today, the City of London is the centre of London where government departments are located.10The trade union movement in Britain is being stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment. U71. The National Health Service (NHS) provides for every resident, regardless of ine, a full range of medical services.2.The National Health Service (NHS) is now a largely free service.3. Social services authorities give help to families facing special problems.4. Social security benefits are increased annually in line with percentage increases in retail prices.5. General Practitioners receive fees based on the number of individuals who register with them as patients. 6. In Northern Ireland, the needs of those in difficulty are met by local authorities, who draw upon funds provided by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).7. Eye tests and dental treatments in NHS hospitals are free of charge.8.Personal social services refer to the provision of financial support for the people in difficulty. 9.Most British people now live in detached houses.U81. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on a regular basis.2. Christianity was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century.3. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, the British monarch is required to be a member of the Church of England.4. The Supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.5. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs.6. In 1994 the first women were ordained as priests in the Anglican Church.7. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control.8. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the Free Churches in Britain.9.The UK has the second largest Jewish munity in Western Europe.10.Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the state or the munity, religion in Britain is separated from politics.U91. Parents are required by law to ensure that their children receive pulsory full-time education between the age of 5 and 16.2.Most of the state secondary school population in Great Britain attends prehensive schools.3. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act, the UK has since provided universal and free state primary and secondary education.4. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for education in the UK.5. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools.6. In the UK, public schools are publicly-funded schools.7. Universities and higher education colleges enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own staff, award their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant. 8.In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelors) degrees take three years to plete.9.The Open University was intended to give opportunities to adults who have been unable to take conventional higher education.10.More than 70 British citizens have been awarded the Nobel Prize in science, second only to the United States.U101. People in the UK spend most of their free time in the pub.2. The Royal National Theatre often performs in Stratford-upon-Avon, Shakespeares birthplace.3. With the emergence of the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, and the Who, British popular music led the world from the early 1980s.4. The British Library, the national library, is one of the worlds three largest.5. The UKs biggest-selling newspaper is The Times.6. The Channel 4 is state-owned, though it operates in a mercial way.7. The national sport of the UK is rugby.8. Cricket is popular in all the four home nations.9.Golf was born in Scotland.10. Tennis is the highest profile sport for the two weeks of the Wimbledon Championships.USAU11. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east. 2. The Mississippi river is the longest river in the United States.3. The Appalachian region is both plicated and varied, containing some of the highest mountains in North America, but also a vast expanse of intermontane basins, plateaus, and isolated ranges.4. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and central California is noticeably drier in winter. 5.New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.6. Washington D. C. is located in the Southern States Region.7. Many Southerners have a strong sense of regional loyalty and take pride in the Souths history and tradition. 8. The Midwestern States Region is a vast area of generally flat land that covers much of the center of the United States.9.Las Vegas and Reno stand out as “American dreamland”, for they primarily find wealth through the gambling and entertainment industries.10. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states, and Alaska has one of the smallest land areas.U21.The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.2. The early British settlers organized the east coast of North America into 17 colonies.3. When many thousands of Southerners saw the triumph of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way of life, they decided to secede from the Confederacy.4. The Progressive Movement was a well-organized, unified movement, demanding government regulation of economy and social condition. 5. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States.6. The Marshall Plan refers to the military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1950s.7. Nixon was the second President in American history who resigned. 8. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil-Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officers in 1992.U31. In the United States, the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate.2. In the United States, the largest minority group is the African-American group.3.In the United States, the fastest-growing group is the Asian-American group.4. Native Americans have a low school dropout rate.5. The three major Hispanic groups are the Mexican-Americans, the Puerto Ricans and the Cuban-Americans. 6.The Puerto Ricans are American citizens.7. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese.8. Today the Indians are only allowed to live on reservations.9. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were U41. The Constitution of the United States, after its adoption, has never been revised. 2. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsible for addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individual states. 3. Separation of power is designed to prevent the government from being too strong. 4. The U.S. government is divided into four branches: the legislative, the presidency, the bureaucracy and the judiciary. 5.The Supreme Court has the right to declare laws and actions of the federal, state, and local governments unconstitutional.6. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen from political parties.7. The U.S. President has great executive power but no legislative power. 8. Congressmen serve a term of six years while Senators serve a term of two years. 9. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich. 10. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population. U51. Since the U.S. economy is based on free enterprise, there is little government involvement in the economy. 2. The United States is the worlds leading maker of industrial goods. 3. In the 18th century, the New England colonies specialized in producing tobacco from plantations.4.While most Americans embraced the idea of money-making and held successful businessmen in great admiration, they resented big businesses monopolizing any industry in any form.5. By 1956, a majority of U.S. workers held blue-collar rather than white-collar jobs.6. Many urban Americans, particularly Blacks and Hispanics, found the postwar prosperity inaccessible to them.7. The American West is now an important region for corn and wheat.8. While manufacturing giants such as IBM and General Electronic enjoy worldwide reputation as the pillars of the American economy, the U.S. economy is by no means one dominated by giant corporations.9.As the number of workers employed in the traditional manufacturing industries has declined, union membership has dropped in recent years.U61. In the United States, the social security system provides assistance to people with financial problems.2. In the United States, Medicare provides virtually free treatment for all American citizens.3. Social security is the nearly universal retirement program for Americans, with about 92 percent of people aged 60 and over receiving benefits.4. Since 1996, welfare responsibility under AFDC has been passed to the states, which receive federal grants to run their own programs.5. The Social Security Administration organizes the distribution of food and food stamps through state and local governments.6. Since government-sponsored welfare programs are essential to the needy and the poor, they are quite adequate in confronting the poverty issue.7. Child Welfare League of America is the largest privately-funded childcare agency in the United States, providing shelter and service to homeless and runaway youth.8. In the United States, most employees and their families are normally insured for health care through public insurance programs.9. Medicaid program provides federal grants to states for the free treatment of the elderly.10.In the United States, two-thirds of the housing units in the private sector are “single-family dwellings”.U71. The U.S. Constitution defines the organization of a court system, including a Supreme Court and inferior courts.2. In the United States, each state has one district court.3. District courts are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries.4. All national courts can review decisions of state courts.5. At the national level, government prosecution is the responsibility of the Supreme Court.6. The U.S. attorneys are appointed for life terms to the district courts.7. Anglo-American mon Law is based on the supposed reasonable persons view of what is right and fair.8. In the United States, all cases should be tried with a jury.9. A unanimous decision is needed for a grand jury to make a decision.10. Federal crimes are mainly the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).U81. Americans generally hold that everyone is entitled to education.2.Americans believe that education is beneficial to individuals and society as a whole.3. In the United States, public education at elementary and secondary level is free.4.American education system is characterized by diversity. 5. According to the U.S. Constitution, education is the responsibility of the federal government.6. There is little similarity in the education system of the 50 states.7.The state board of education is responsible for the education policy of the state. 8. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is Harvard University.9. Junior colleges offer only B.A. degrees.10. The affirmative action program aims to help ethnic and racial minorities in elementary and secondary education. U91. In parison with other Western countries, America is less religious in terms of church attendance and financial mitment to church organizations.2. At the time when the United States was founded, it was the Catholic branch of the Christian faith that had the strongest influence on the development of the religious climate in the United States.3.The Pilgrims tried to create a munity in which life would be guided by Gods will and deviations from His will in any shape or form would never be tolerated.4. America became “the Kingdom of God” by the end of the 17th century.5. In the 19th century, Americans stopped talking about the importance of religious values for their national identity.6. According to the U.S. Constitution, church and state are separate in their role and function.7. Historically, church and state in the United States has never interacted to each other.8. A growing trend in American religious life is that religion has bee increasingly secularized.9. In the United States, mainstream Protestant denominations have lost ground to Catholic denominations.10. Post-war Evangelism has attempted to use its influence to restore some sense of munity in a society.U101. Most Americans have an ambition to own their own house on a little piece of property, but its difficult for them to have that ambition materialized.2. After the arrival of the so-called post-industrial society, Americans started to move to the city.3. Most Americans live in mobile homes which function as prefabricated housing units in stationary settings.4. Many poor American families expect their children to find part-time jobs, especially as they enter their teens.5. Parties for children and for grown-ups are constantly occupying the leisure hours of Americans.6. In the United States, high-brow arts get most of the financial backing from the government. 7. In the United States, popular culture outshines classical culture in audience size and in public influence.8. Todays preeminent spectator game in America is baseball.9. American football was derived from the British game of soccer.10. Baseball is adapted by the Americans from the English cricket to their own tastes.CanadaU11. Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere.2. Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. 3. Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south.4. The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. 5. The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. 6. Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world.7. Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. 8. The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited.9. Toronto is the worlds largest French-speaking city outside France.10. Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick.U21. The first group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French.2. Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain.3. Under the Constitution Act of 1791,