2019版高考英语二轮复习 第2板块 专题4 语法填空 第1节 两年真题再做学案（含解析）

第1节 两年真题再做A篇(2018·全国卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years 1. (long)than non­runners.You don't have to run fast or for long 2. (see)the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of 3. (die)early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it 4. (be)more effective at lengthening life 5. walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7. (cause)The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to 8. (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always 9. (energy)If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give 10. a try.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了跑步带来的多种益处。一本医学杂志上的评论及研究表明，跑步不仅使人长寿，而且可以降低死亡的风险。1longer考查副词的比较级。句中有than，故用long的比较级longer。2to see考查非谓语动词。本句有谓语，因此此处应用非谓语动词；分析句子结构及句意可知，此处应用动词不定式to see作目的状语。3dying考查非谓语动词。短语reduce one's risk of.“降低某人的风险”，此处介词of后用动名词作宾语。有许多学生错填成death，是因为没注意后有early，此处early是副词，要修饰动词，而不能修饰名词。4is考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处，通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故用一般现在时；且宾语从句中的主语为it，故用is。5than考查介词。根据句中的more可知，此处应用介词than引出比较对象。此处表示跑步比散步、骑行或游泳更能有效地延长寿命。故填than。6that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为a study，且定语从句中缺少主语，故填关系代词that/which。7causes考查名词复数。此处cause是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的all表示“所有”，后应用可数名词的复数形式，故填causes。8strengthen考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动词不定式作目的状语，故本空应填动词strengthen，意为“增强，加强”。9energetic考查形容词。and连接两个并列分句，两个分句都表示跑步的特征，and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词，故此处应用形容词energetic作表语，意为“需要能量的，剧烈的”。10it/running考查固定搭配。give it a try为固定搭配，意为“试一试”，根据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。注：填it为最佳答案，因为填running时需要文中给出提示词(run)。B篇(2018·全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country 11. (grow)more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 12. past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is 13. (actual)behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 14. (improve)water quality.Corn uses less water 15. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥)runoff.This switch has decreased 16. (pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total 17. (globe)fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government 18. (start)a soil­testing program 19. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission (排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while 20. (feed)its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国近年来根据人们膳食的变化调整农作物种植结构。11has grown考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since 2011可知，此空应用现在完成时。12the考查冠词。此处是特指，故用定冠词the。over the past 25 years表示“在过去的25年里”。13actually考查副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。14to improve考查非谓语动词。不定式to improve water quality作目的状语。15than考查介词。由空前的less可知，此处应用介词than，表示“比”。16pollution考查名词。此处应填pollute的名词形式pollution作宾语。17global考查形容词。此处应填globe的形容词形式global作定语。18started 考查时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故填started。19that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，“a soil­testing program”是先行词，指物，且定语从句中缺主语，所以应填关系代词that或which。20feeding考查现在分词。“while feeding its citizens”是时间状语从句“while it is feeding its citizens”的省略结构。又可理解为此处的feed(养活)与主语China为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。C篇(2017·全国卷)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) 21. a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side 22. (effect)such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 23. (process)the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 24. (remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 25. result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 26. (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 27. (be)full of fat and salt；by 28. (eat)more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 29. (care)not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，30. is not good for the health.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了饮食低脂、低盐的利弊以及对人体健康的影响。21as考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。22effects考查名词复数。side effect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweight and heart disease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。23to process考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。24are removed考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。25a考查固定搭配中的冠词。as a result结果，是固定搭配。26worse考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟的是，可以看作固定搭配。27is考查时态和主谓一致。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。28eating考查非谓语动词之动名词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。29careful考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。be之后接形容词作表语，care的形容词形式是careful。30which考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。D篇(2017·全国卷)She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh­faced and full of life.Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A­level course.But unlike her school friends,16­year­old Sarah is not spending half­term 31. (rest)Instead，she is earning 6,500 a day as 32. model in New York.Sarah 33. (tell)that she could be Britain's new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year.Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model full time.But Sarah, 34. has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 35. (prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.She is determined to carry on with her 36. (educate)She has turned down several 37. (invitation)to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.After school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree 38. engineering or architecture.Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school 39. (come)first.I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.It is 40. (certain)fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。16岁的萨拉作为一名模特儿表现出色，她父亲想让她放弃学业专心从事模特儿行业，但萨拉认为学业优先，不想在模特儿行业投入太多精力。31resting考查固定搭配。spend time(in)doing sth.为固定搭配，句意为“萨拉没有花半学期的时间来休息”。32a考查冠词。句意：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特儿每天收入6 500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。33has been told/was told考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境，萨拉应该是“被告知”她能成为英国新的超模儿，可以用现在完成时或一般过去时。34who考查定语从句的引导词。引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。35to prove考查固定搭配。want to do sth.想要做某事，为固定搭配。36education考查词性转化之动词变名词。形容词性物主代词her应该用来修饰名词，educate的名词形式是education。37invitations考查名词复数。several几个，其后的可数名词要用复数形式。38in考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。39comes考查动词时态。此处为陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。40certainly考查词性转换之形容词变副词。此处应该用副词来修饰形容词fun，certain的副词形式为certainly。5