2022年考博英语-广西大学考前模拟强化练习题25（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-广西大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things,（ ）is often the case in other countries.问题1选项A.asB.whatC.soD.that There are few electronic【答案】A【解析】句意:英国人对于不同的文化和其他的行为方式不是很熟悉，在其他国家情况也是如此。语法题。考查定语从句。逗号后面部分“is often the case in other countries”结构不完整，缺少主语。因此该处应该是非限制性定语从句。因此A项正确，构成表达“as is often the case(是常有的情形)”。2. 单选题He made up his mind to lost his weight by sticking to a diet no matter how the food（ ） him.问题1选项A.attractedB.appealedC.inducedD.tempted【答案】D【解析】句意:无论食物多么引诱他，他都已经下定决心通过节食减肥。考查动词辨析。attract吸引（人）；appeal上诉，通常后面接appeal to sb.; induce 引起；tempt 引诱（人），馋（人）。因此D符合句意。3. 单选题 Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage（ ）.问题1选项A.relativelyB.actuallyC.annuallyD.comparatively【答案】C【解析】句意:洪水每年都造成几十亿美元价值的财产损害。考查副词辨析。relatively相对地；比较地；actually实际上；annually每年；comparatively比较上；相对地。因此C符合句意。4. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing（1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the sea. Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）because the salmon（6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing has further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders, （9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble （11）the ladders. Often they（12）their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being introduced into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to Migrate to the lake and feed upon an undesirable fish. The Cohoes thrived so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan that Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and planning of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about问题4选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.ever sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequently问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.findingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B【解析】1.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:每年的商业捕鱼导致从海洋中收获超过十亿磅的三文鱼。故A项符合句意。2.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:急不可耐的渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。因此B项符合句意。Sport本身有“娱乐”的意思,在这里表示“消遣性渔民”。3.考查固定搭配。come alive 热闹起来，活跃起来。其它选项均不能与come构成搭配。4.考查介词辨析。句意为:三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。因此，C项介词较为合适。5.逻辑分析。根据前文的yet“然而”，可推知此处是“现在和过去”的对比，即如今的三文鱼的数量比从前少。因此D项“以前”符合句意。6.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:三文鱼在现代遭受了很多危险。因此B项 “种群，数量”符合句意。7.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。空格处动词应与介词of进行搭配。因此C项符合句意。Rob sb./sth. of sth. 剥夺某人/某物所需或应得之物。8.考查名词辨析。该处解题可以参考前面句意:水污染杀死了很多三文鱼。因此推测该处句意为:大坝是另一个危险，因为它们阻断了迁移的路径。故选A项。9.考查短语辨析。选项均为对应动词短语的过去分词形式作定语修饰fish ladders; stepped pools表示“阶梯式游泳池”。四个选项的意思分别是：make up for弥补;补偿；make up to sb.献媚；奉承;make up编造;化妆；be made up of由构成。因此，根据句意，D构成句意“由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯”，符合语境和搭配，故为正确答案。10.考查副词辨析。该处句意为:建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能游过大坝。因此B项“安全地”符合句意。11.语义题。根据固定搭配have trouble doing sth.(在方面有困难)可以排除A和B项。根据句意可知C项“发现梯子”正确。12.考查短语辨析。该句有并列连词or, or并列的是动词是are killed和空格处。因此A项符合句意,表示“掉到大坝上摔死”。13.逻辑分析。逗号后面是完整的句子，因此，前半句应该有相关的连词或关系词。后文句意为：生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加鲑鱼的数量。因此此处是说鲑鱼的数量减少了，满足条件的是D选项“使濒危”。14.考查动词辨析。该处句意为:自然环境和野生动植物提倡保护者计划了几种方式以增加族群数量。故C项符合句意。15.考查动词辨析。该处搭配为:have success in doing sth.在某方面取得成功。根据并列的部分stocking salmon rivers可知，“raise salmon in hatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境。5. 单选题We had to（ ）a lot of noise when the children were at home.问题1选项A.go in forB.hold on toC.put up withD.keep pace with【答案】C【解析】句意:孩子在家的时候，我们不得不忍受孩子们的吵闹声。考查短语辨析。go in for 参加，追求，从事；hold on to 坚持；put up with忍受/容忍；keep pace with 赶上，齐头并进。因此，C项符合句意。6. 单选题We are all for your proposal that the discussion（ ）.问题1选项A.be put offB.was put offC.should put offD.is to put off【答案】A【解析】句意:我们都赞成你关于推迟讨论的提议。语法题。考查should的用法。名词proposal(提议，建议)引导的同位语从句应该用should(可省略) +动词原形。而且，discussion与 put off之间是被动关系，因此A项符合正确表达。7. 单选题The person who（ ）this type of research deserves our praise.问题1选项A.originatedB.manufacturedC.generatedD.estimated【答案】A【解析】句意:发起这类研究的人值得夸奖。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。originate 创立；开创；发明；manufacture制造，生产；加工；generate引起；产生；estimate估计；预测；评价。因此A项符合句意。8. 单选题（ ）is quite natural, a beginner can't read the books written in English very quickly.问题1选项A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.It【答案】B【解析】句意:初学者不能很快地阅读英文原版书是很正常的。语法题。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句的时候，表示“正如 那样”的含义。as指代的是后面的句子“a beginner can't read the books written in English very quickly，而此处不用which,是因为定语从句中的which 不能放在句首。9. 单选题（ ）to somebody, a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.问题1选项A.IntroducingB.To introduceC.To be introducedD.On being introduced【答案】D【解析】句意:当英国人在被介绍给别人的时候，经常喜欢和陌生人握手。10. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ）of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】句意:许多旨在反映社会生活的小说本身就是所描述现实的写照。考查名词辨析。reflection反映，表现；demonstration表明，证明； illumination 照明，启发，阐明;reproduction意为再现,复制。因此A符合句意。11. 单选题By afternoon, it was impossible to（ ）the heat, so we stopped working and wentinside.问题1选项A.maskB.endureC.defeatD.shelter【答案】B【解析】句意:到下午了，我们不可能忍受炎热，因此，我们要停止工作，回到室内。考查动词辨析。mask 掩藏；endure 忍耐，容忍；defeat 战胜，击败；shelter保护，庇护。根据宾语the heat热度可知，B项正确。12. 单选题 The discovery of distillation is usually（ ） to the Arahs of the 11th century.问题1选项A.accreditedB.creditedC.regardedD.accomplished【答案】A【解析】句意:通常认为，蒸馏法是阿拉伯人在11世纪发明的。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Accredit 把归于； 认为（某事为某人所说、所做），常用被动语态，常见搭配为sth.to sb.或sb. with sth.； credit 把记入贷方；认为是的功劳，常用搭配为A（with B）或B（to A）； regard 将认为；把视为，常见搭配为sb./sth.（with sth.）或sb./sth. as sth.； accomplish 完成；实现。因此符合句意并且能跟介词to搭配的为选项A。13. 单选题He said it was important that every member（ ）his subscription by the end of the month.问题1选项A.sendsB.endC.sentD.had sent【答案】B【解析】句意:他说，重要的是每个会员都要在月底前提交注册资料。考查常用句型。在 it is important that引导的句型中，后面的从句谓语动词应该用should (可省略)+动词原形。14. 单选题He studied hard at school when he was young, which（ ）to his success in later life.问题1选项A.distributedB.attributedC.contributedD.districted【答案】C【解析】句意:他年轻时在学校努力学习，这对他晚年的成功有帮助。考查短语辨析。Contribute to 有助于，产生，对有帮助。15. 单选题I you somewhere before, but your name has escaped me（ ）.问题1选项A.must see; for a momentB.must have seen; for a momentC.must see: for the momentD.must have seen; for the moment【答案】D【解析】句意:我之前肯定看见过你，但是想不出你的名字。语法题。考查情态动词和短语辨析。前半句表示对过去发生的事的肯定推断。因此,前面填 “must have seen”表示“已经看见过”。 for a moment表示 “(延续了)一会儿” 而for the moment则表示“目前；暂时”。因此D符合句意。16. 单选题 I'm sorry to have（ ） you with so many questions on such an occasion.问题1选项A.interferedB.impressedC.offendedD.bothered【答案】D【解析】句意:这种情况下，我还问了这么多问题，给你添麻烦了，真是抱歉。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。interfere干预；打扰；impress 给以深刻印象；offend 冒犯；得罪 ；bother烦扰；打扰。因此D符合句意。17. 单选题International Vaccination: A .jab in timeSome Western countries have lower vaccination rates than poor parts of Africa. Anti-vaxxers are not the main culprits.Eradicating a disease is the sort of aim that rich countries come up with, and poor ones struggle to reach. But for some diseases, the pattern is reversed. These are the ailments for which vaccinations exist. Many poor countries run highly effective vaccination programmers. But as memories of the toll from infectious diseases fades across the rich world, in some places they are making a comeback. The World Health Organization (WHO) reckons that vaccines save 2.5m lives a year. Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 with the help of a vaccine; polio should soon follow. In both cases, rich countries led the way. The new pattern looks very different.The trend is most evident for measles, which is highly contagious. At least 95% of people must vaccinate to stop its spread (a threshold known as "herd immunity"). Although usually mild, it can lead to pneumonia and cause brain damage or blindness the countries with the lowest vaccination rates are all very poor, but many developing countries run excellent programmes (see chart). Eritrea. Rwanda and Sri Lanka manage to vaccinate nearly everyone. By contrast, several rich countries, including America, Britain. France and Italy, are below herd immunity. Last year Europe missed the deadline it had set itself in 2010 to eradicate measles- and had almost 4,000 Cases. America was declared measles-free in 2000; in 2014 it had hundreds of cases across 27 states and last year saw its first death from the disease in more than a decade. The trends for other vaccine-preventable diseases, such as rubella, which can cause congenital disabilities if a pregnant woman catches it, are alarming, too.This sorry state of affairs Js often blamed on hard line "anti-vaxxers: parents u ho refuses all vaccines for their children. They arc a motley lot. The Amish in America spurn modern medicine, along with almost everything else invented since the 17th century. Some vegans object to the use of animal-derived products in vaccines' manufacture. The Protestant Dutch Reformed Church thinks vaccines thwart divine will. Anthroposophy, founded in the 19th century by Rudolf Steiner, an Austrian mystic-cum-philosopher, preaches that diseases strengthen children's physical and mental development.In most countries such refuseniks are only 2-3% of parents. But because they tend to live in clusters, they can be the source of outbreaks. A bigger problem, though, is the growing number of parents who delay vaccination, or pick and choose jabs. Studies from America, Australia and Europe suggest that about a quarter of parents fall into this group, generally because they think that the standard vaccination schedule, which protects against around a dozen diseases, "overloads- childrens immune systems, or that particular vaccines are unsafe. Some believe vaccines interfere with “natural immunity". Many were shaken by a claim, later debunked, that there was a link between autism and the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps and rubella.In America, some pour children miss out on vaccines despite a federal programme to provide the jabs free, since they have no regular relationship with a family doctor. Some outbreaks in Eastern Europe have started in communities or Roma (gypsies). Members of this poor and ostracized minority are shunned by health workers and often go unvaccinated.1. The word "culprits "(Line 2. Paragraph 1) probably refers to（ ）.2. The word "Anti-vaxxers "(Line 1, Paragraph 1) probably refers to（ ）.3. For some diseases（ ）.4. Which of the following is true?5. Which of the following accords with the author's view?问题1选项A.someone who tries to make drug.B.someone who supports vaccinationC.someone who objects anti-vaxxersD.someone who perpetrates wrongdoing问题2选项A.those who refuse all vaccines for their children.B.those who agree m take vaccines for their childrenC.those who believe in vaccines.D.those who delay vaccines.问题3选项A.rich countries are less effective in disease prevention than poor countries.B.rich countries are trying to eradicate while poor countries can't.C.they find no way in the rich countries but the poor countries.D.they come back in the poor countries only问题4选项A.1980 witnessed the eradication of smallpox.B.is the help of vaccineC.countries save 2.5m lives a yearD.Vaccines are usually mild without harm.问题5选项A.All disease will be eradicated if people accept vaccines.B.Anti-vaxxers can be the source of outbreaks because they lend to live in clusters.C.There was a link between autism and the MMR Vaccine-D.Too many vaccines would overload children's immune systems【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段: Some Western countries have lower vaccination rates than poor parts of Africa (与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低), 以及: Anti-vaxxers are not the main culprits (反疫苗者并非主要的)。由此推断“culprits” 是对“反疫苗者”的介绍。因此D项 “做坏事（不道德行为）的某人”正确。2.词义题。根据题干定位至第一段: Some Western countries have lower vaccination rates than poor parts of Africa (与非洲贫困地区相比，部分西方国家的疫苗接种率更低), 以及: Anti-vaxxers are not the main culprits，可知，“Anti-vaxxers”是指A项“那些拒绝为孩子接种所有疫苗的人”。3.判断推理题。A: 在疾病预防上，富裕国家没有贫穷国家更有效，第二段指出: But for some diseases, the pattern is reversed. These are the ailments for which vaccinations exist. Many poor countries run highly effective vaccination programmes (但对于一些需要接种疫苗而疫苗存在安全隐患的疾病来说，上述模式正好相反。许多落后国家实施高效疫苗接种方案)。因此A正确。B: 富国正在努力根除，而贫穷国家却不能。第二段指出: Eradicating a disease is the sort of aim that rich countries come up with, and poor ones struggle to reach (消灭疾病是发达国家提出的目标，落后的国家则要很努力才能实现这一目标)。C:他们在富国找不到出路，只有在穷国。文章并未体现此项。D:仅仅在贫穷国家卷土重来。根据第二段中“in some places they are making a comeback”可知D项错误。因此，本题选A。4.事实细节题。第三段指出: Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 with the help of a vaccine (在疫苗的作用下，1980年，天花得以消灭)，因此A项正确。5.判断推理题。A:如果人们接种疫苗，那么所有疾病将根除。此选项在文中找不到依据。B：反疫苗者可能成为爆发的源头，因为他们为群居。倒数第二段指出: But because they tend to live in clusters, they can be the source of outbreaks (然而，因为他们大多为群居生活，这可能使得他们成为疾病爆发的源头) ，因此B项符合作者的观点。C:自闭症和MMR疫苗之间有联系。倒数第二段指出: Many were shaken by a claim, later debunked, that there was a link between autism and the MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps and rubella (许多人曾被一个说法所动摇，该说法声称麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹三联疫苗（MMR疫苗） 会导致自闭症一一这一说法后遭拆穿)，因此C项不符合作者的观点。D:太多疫苗会使得孩子的免疫系统超负荷。很多家长推迟或选择性接种疫苗的原因，不是作者的态度。因此选B。18. 单选题Success at language is（ ）of intelligence.问题1选项A.a more matter of application thanB.a matter more of application thanC.a matter of application more thanD.more a matter of application than【答案】D【解析】句意:语言的成功与其说是智力问题，不如说是应用问题。语法题。考查比较结构。a matter of “事关的事”，四个选项中，只有D项符合正确表达。19. 单选题The representative of the committee was asked to（ ）his earlier statement.问题1选项A.verifyB.withdrawC.repeatD.modify【答案】A【解析】句意:这个委员会的代表被要求证实他早期的言论。考查动词辨析。verify 核实，证实 withdraw 撤回;repeat 重复; modify 修改。因此A项符合句意。20. 单选题The moment my mother came home after a day's work she lit the fire and（ ）making the soup.问题1选项A.set asideB.set aboutC.set offD.set up【答案】B【解析】句意:在工作了一整天后，我妈一下班，她就打开火，开始熬汤。考查短语辨析。set aside 不理会，放置一方；set about 开始做，着手做 set off 出发；set up 建立。因此B项符合句意。