2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷49（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题（）to speak when the audience interrupted him.问题1选项A.No sooner had he begunC. Hardly had he begunB.C. Hardly had he begunB.C.Hardly had he begunB.Not until beganD.Scarcely did he begin【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配题。Hardly .when.表示“一.就.”。句意：他刚一开始说话, 观众就打断了他。2. 单选题Its（）in the regulation that you can take 20 kilos of luggage with you.问题1选项A.laid uponB.laid outC.laid upD.laid down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。lay upon随而定, 把重点放在；lay out展示, 安排；lay up贮存, 搁置, 卧床不起；lay down放下, 制定, 铺设, 主张。句意：条例规定您只能携带20公斤的行李。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题When Mr. Li writes an article, he always keep several dictionaries（）.问题1选项A.under his handsB.by handC.out of handD.at hand【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。by hand用手；out of hand脱手、无法控制；at hand 在手边。句意：李先生写文章时，手边总有几本词典。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题That scientist is not too happy with the project, and（）are her supervisors.问题1选项A.eitherB.neitherC.soD.as【答案】B【解析】句意：那位科学家对这个项目不太满意，她的主管也不太满意。两者都不用neither。5. 单选题People of different races should live in（）with each other for global peace.问题1选项A.harmonyB.federationC.unityD.union【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。harmony和谐；federation联邦；unity团结；union联合。句意：为了世界和平, 不同种族的人民应该和睦相处。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.But wait, weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (the 18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquor”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it, and if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition; instead people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they repealed prohibition by ratifying the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.1.Which of the following was Not a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?2.During prohibition, illegal alcohol was（）3.When enacting the prohibition laws, people （）4.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that （）5.It can be inferred from the passage that （）问题1选项A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People wouldnt become drunk or create a public nuisance.问题2选项A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders问题3选项A.lived in fear of the lawB.were willing to risk of arresting for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them问题4选项A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline问题5选项A.the Congress was wise to repeal prohibitionB.the prohibition was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during prohibition, most Americans stop drinkingD.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcohol beverage【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知, 非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition；”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降, 选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.”有了禁令之后, 人们喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令, 这一做法是明智的, 选项A正确。7. 单选题The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.问题1选项A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。reasonable明理的, 理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的, 现实的。根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。选项B符合句意。句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。8. 单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her（）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing【答案】C【解析】impartial公正的；mild温顺的；hostile不友好的；opposing反对的。句意：因为售货员对顾客不友好的态度, 老板对她投去责备的目光。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题（）prohibited in many countries.问题1选项A.The hunting of certain rare animalsB.The hunting of certain rare animals isC.Hunting certain rare animals areD.Hunting of certain rare animals are【答案】B【解析】语法题。选A没有谓语动词可首先排除。根据句意：在许多国家, 捕获稀有动物是被禁止的。这里指的是捕获稀有动物这件事，所以谓语动词应该为单数，不能被前面的animals迷惑，所以本题选B。10. 单选题Wealthy people sometimes feel a（）to steal things they can easily afford to buy.问题1选项A.priorityB.compulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。priority优先；compulsion冲动；privilege特权；repulsion排斥，厌恶。句意：富人有时会有一种冲动，想要偷一些他们很容易买得起的东西。选项B符合原文。11. 单选题In that war-torn country, homeless orphan childrens plight is quite（）.问题1选项A.deceptiveB.perceptiveC.patheticD.perpetual【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。deceptive欺诈的；perceptive感知的；pathetic可怜的；perpetual永久的。句意：在那个饱受战争摧残的国家里，无家可归的孤儿的处境十分悲惨。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题he board deemed it urgent that these files（）right away.问题1选项A.had to be printedB.should have been printedC.have been printedD.be printed【答案】D【解析】语法题。当句中出现deem, suggest, insist, require等表主观愿望的词时, 从句需要使用虚拟语气, 即should+动词原形, should可省略。根据句意：委员会认为迫切需要立即把这些文件打印出来。由此可知文件还没打印, 所以不用完成时。选项D正确。13. 单选题Professor Lees book will show you（）can be used in other contexts.问题1选项A.that you have observedB.how that you have observedC.that how you have observedD.how what you have observed【答案】D【解析】语法题。这是宾语从句中带有主语从句的复杂句子。that不能引导定语从句，所以首先排除选项A和B。how不能做that的先行词，所以选项C也错误，本题选D。句意：李教授的书将会指导你如何将观察所学的东西应用到其他领域。14. 单选题The smell of food（）the hungry children into the house.问题1选项A.entertainedB.enticedC.exterminatedD.expelled【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。entertained娱乐，款待；enticed吸引，诱使；exterminated消灭，根除；expelled驱逐，开除。句意：饥饿的孩子们被食物的香味吸引进屋。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as（）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.being createdB.to have been createdC.having been createdD.to be created【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。因此C选项正确。16. 单选题A（）from every person, no matter how small, will help the Red Cross reach its goal of $100,000.问题1选项A.contractB.concentrationC.contributionD.construction【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。contract合同, 合约；concentration专注, 集中； contribution贡献, 捐赠；construction建筑。句意：每个人的贡献, 无论多么小, 都将帮助红十字会达到10万美元的目标。选项C符合句意。17. 单选题The river is already（）its banks because of excessive rainfall; and the city is threatened with a likely flood.问题1选项A.parallel toB.level toC.flat onD.flush with【答案】D【解析】parallel to平行, 类似；level不与to搭配；flat也不与介词on搭配；flush with齐平, 同高。句意：由于雨水过多，河水已经和堤岸齐平了，这座城市可能面临洪水的威胁。选项D符合句意。18. 单选题According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically（） to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.问题1选项A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】practical现实的, 实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示, 建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。 19. 单选题In what（）to a last minute stay of execution a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.问题1选项A.appliesB.accountsC.attachesD.amounts【答案】D【解析】辨析题。apply to应用于；account to对.做出解释；attach to联系；amounts to导致。句意：在最后一分钟, 导致延迟处决的是委员会宣布应急基金将使两颗已使用多年的卫星继续运行。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Why does a company want to（1）its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may（2）very well. It may need money to（3）. By selling shares of （4）, the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is（5）for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax（6）, the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money（7） However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often（8）. In general, all companies（9）sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to（10）money for one reason or another. Investors（11）buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money（12）. Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the（13）. This money that is shared is called a（14）. Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they（15）the stock. A second way that investors may（16）is to sell the stock at a higher price than they（17） of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also（19）for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a（20）.问题1选项A.distractB.permeateC.shareD.recede问题2选项A.have doneB.be doingC.doD.have been doing问题3选项A.perplexB.dominateC.integrateD.expand问题4选项A.utilitiesB.contributionsC.earningsD.laws问题5选项A.toB.forC.onD.from问题6选项A.complexB.essentialC.comprehensiveD.understandable问题7选项A.whatB.thatC.whichD.while问题8选项A.locateB.admitC.proclaimD.raise问题9选项A.stakeB.stockC.stalkD.stack问题10选项A.potentialB.advantageousC.sensitiveD.actual问题11选项A.whoB.whichC.untilD.if问题12选项A.by mistakeB.to dateC.on earthD.right away问题13选项A.observerB.directorC.investorD.instructor问题14选项A.tuitionB.postageC.tipD.dividend问题15选项A.offerB.ownC.convinceD.equip问题16选项A.sell moneyB.share moneyC.take moneyD.make money问题17选项A.confrontedB.extractedC.spilledD.paid问题18选项A.priceB.investmentC.costD.value问题19选项A.tighten upB.stock upC.go upD.stir up问题20选项A.profitB.benefitC.awardD.input【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:D第17题:D第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）distract转移,分心,一般与介词from搭配；permeate渗透；share分享,常与介词with搭配；recede退去,减弱。根据原文：为什么一个公司想要和其他人分享它的资金呢?选项C更符合原文。（2）may是情态动词,后面接be动词或动词原形。根据后面的well可知,本题还考查doing well的搭配。选项B正确。（3）perplex使困惑；dominate控制,支配,占优势； integrate 一体化；expand扩张。句意：它可能需要资金来扩张。选项D符合。（4）shares of stock股票,股份。为固定搭配。（5）这里为形式主语的结构。句意：有时,由于税收原因,上市对公司是有利的。（6）句意：根据税法的规定,公司可以通过在证券交易所出售股票来节省税款。Tax laws指税收的法律。  （7）考查固定搭配。owe to为固定搭配,指“欠.”，这里指公司可能欠银行很多钱。（8）根据下文“for one reason or another”这样或者那样的原因,说明公司在证券交易所出售股票的原因往往很复杂。选项A符合原文。（9）句子结构完整,说明不缺成分,that在这里引导的是同位语从句,不充当任何成分,解释说明company。（10）根据上文“By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks.”通过出售股票,它也许能够支付欠银行的钱。所以这里应该是筹集资金。选项D正确。（11）先行词是investors,表人用who来引导从句。（12）by mistake错误的； to date迄今为止；on earth究竟,到底； right away立刻,马上。根据原文：购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱。他们可能会马上开始赚钱。选项D符合原文。（13）根据上文,假设一个人投资了一家公司,这家公司赚了钱,公司应该会与这位投资者分享这笔钱,选项C正确。（14）tuition学费； postage邮费；tip小费；dividend红利,股息。显然选项D更符合原文。句意：这些被分享的钱叫做红利。（15）own拥有,持有,这里根据投资者指持有的股票进行分红。（16）根据上文“Investors who buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways.”购买公司股票的投资者可以通过两种方式赚钱,前面介绍了一种赚钱方式,这里应该是第二种赚钱的方式。选项D符合原文。（17）根据原文：投资者可能赚钱的第二种方式是以高于买入时的价格卖出股票。选项D符合原文。（18）根据原文：如果公司业绩好,每股股票的价格就会上涨。选项A符合原文。（19）根据上下文均出现了go up可知,此处也应为go up,选项C符合原文,指价格上涨。（20）make a profit为固定搭配,指获利,盈利。句意：当价格上涨时,人们可能会卖掉它并从中获利。