2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第56期

2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题After an（ ）tour performance, the actress decided to fly to Hawaii to have a full relaxation.问题1选项A.generousB.exhaustingC.favoriteD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The young man liked the graceful girl next to the door at the first sight; the feeling is（ ）,as the girl smiled slightly at him.问题1选项A.mutualB.visibleC.literalD.inevitable【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑。根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应。因此A选项正确。3. 翻译题Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.Once an employee wants to work abroad he must have a clear mind that his success and expertise home do not mean he can continue his excellence at his overseas branch because of the cultural environment as well as his adaptability. Thinking difference instead of professional experience plays an important role for U.S. business people success at foreign market. Values, attitude, and buying preference and their related information have to be adapted and altered from top management to average workers in the course of tapping foreign markets. For international business, the firms in U.S. have to redetermine their marketing strategy and tactics which generally contrary to what they have done at their home markets based on their knowledge of the targeting countries culture context. American business persons have to understand that cultural variable influence international business enterprises so they are required to place highly priority to communicate with the foreign people for mutual understanding besides their business activities.  【答案】如果一名员工想出国工作，他必须要弄清楚的是，由于文化环境的差异和他自身适应能力的影响，他在国内的成功和专业并不能保证他能在国外的分公司也一样的表现优秀。在国外市场上，美国商务人员的成功取决于思维差异而不是专业经验。在开发国外市场的进程中，价值观、态度和购买偏好以及与这些相关的信息从高层主管到普通职工之间不尽相同，需要我们去适应。在国际商务中，美国的企业需要根据他们对目标国文化的了解来重新调整他们的市场策略与战术，这些战略经常会与他们在国内市场采用的相反。美国的商人必须了解文化差异对国际企业的影响，所以他们需要高度重视与外国朋友在商业活动外的交流，以促进相互理解。4. 单选题What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of（ ）roles.问题1选项A.diverseB.versatileC.variableD.changeable【答案】A【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；variable“变化的；可变的”；changeable“易变的；可变的”，根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员，四个选项中能够表示“不同的，多样的”只有diverse，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。5. 单选题The company will（ ）to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.问题1选项A.retainB.alterC.abandonD.adhere【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持；记住”；alter“改变；修改”；abandon“放弃”；adhere“坚持；依附”，根据no matter how“无论如何”可知此处要表达的是这个公司非常坚定的态度，四个选项中只有adhere表明了这个公司的立场，且adhere与介词to是固定搭配，表示“坚持”。句意：这个公司会他的协议，不管这一过程的代价会有多大。由此可知选项D正确。6. 单选题For shortage of food and water, the illegal immigrants（ ）down from 112 to 58.问题1选项A.seizedB.starvedC.calculatedD.split【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项seized“逮住，抓住”；B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”；C选项calculated“计算”；D选项split“劈开”。句意：由于食物和水的短缺，非法移民数量从112人下降到了58人。根据前半句表述的因为缺少食物和水，可知后半句中非法移民数量减少的原因是挨饿。所以空格处填B选项starved“使挨饿，饿死”合适。因此B选项符合题意。7. 翻译题Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man.  【答案】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。尽管这些文化形式的基础都来自古典主义，但它们很快繁荣起来，并摆脱了希腊、 罗马的影响。事实上，绘画、科学、政治和宗教上的很多成就与古典文化遗产都没有什么关系。其次，文艺复兴包含了许多鲜明的观点和态度，使其所处的社会呈现出独特的风貌，大体上这些中值得注意的是乐观主义和个人主义，但所有这些中最重要的还是人文主义。在最宽泛的意义上，人文主义可以被定义为对人的价值的强调。这个词出自西赛罗，他曾用该词来表达对自由艺术的投入或与人类尊严最一致的主题。8. 单选题The diplomatic crisis has been（ ）by the breakdown of the talks between the leaders of the two nations.问题1选项A.withholdB.nurturedC.cultivatedD.approached【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项withhold“保留，克制”；B选项nurtured“培育，养育”；C选项cultivated“发展，耕作，教化”；D选项approached“接近，靠近”。句意：外交危机靠近是由于两国领导人之间的谈判破裂而引起的。两国领导人之间谈判失败是导致外交危机的原因，那么外交危机就更接近了，选择D选项approached“接近，靠近”意思正确。因此D选项符合题意。9. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fall short是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。10. 单选题Last week the financial manager asked for a（ ）to Beijing branch, which was just set up three months ago.问题1选项A.transferB.transmissionC.transformationD.transport【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijing branch, 因此A选项正确。11. 单选题The essay lacks（ ）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.问题1选项A.subsistenceB.pregnancyC.fertilityD.coherence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项coherence“一致，连贯性”。句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。因此D选项符合题意。12. 单选题The police decided to（ ）the department store after they had received a bomb warning.问题1选项A.evictB.expelC.abandonD.evacuate【答案】D【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。evict“驱逐”；expel“驱散；赶走”；abandon“放弃”；evacuate“撤离；疏散”，根据bomb warning（爆炸警报）可知警察会疏散、撤离人员，所以此处应该使用动词evacuate，故正确答案为选项D。13. 单选题He still suffers from a rare topical disease which he（ ）, while working to Africa.问题1选项A.infectedB.incurredC.contractedD.infested【答案】C【解析】本题是动词辨析题。infected“感染”；incurred“招致；蒙受”，contracted“合同；感染；收缩”；infested“大批滋生”，根据句意可知这里是指“感染了某种病”，所以此处的动词要从infected和contracted之间来选择，infect这个动作的发出者是疾病，强调疾病的感染性；而contract强调的是人感染疾病，动作的发出者是人，此处强调的是人感染疾病，故正确答案为选项C。14. 单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemmas “困境”；countenances “面容；表情”；concessions “让步；特权”；junctions“连接”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的名词与eyes是并列的，四个选项中只有countenances能够与eyes并列并表达出符合逻辑的句子意思。句意：人们可以通过观察别人眼睛和快速的反映或表情来更好的了解对方。因此选项B为正确答案。15. 单选题 Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife（ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conservation “保存；保护”；maintenance “维护；维修”；storage“存储；仓库”；reserve“存储；自然保护区”，根据句子结构可知此处的名词与wildlife 一起同zoo构成并列成分，根据后句中的allow animals to develop naturally“允许动物自然生长”，可知此处应该选择名词reserve, wildlife reserve是“野生动物保护区”的意思。句意：一些科学家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的动物园或者野生动物，正如我们在地球上设立荒野地带，允许在我们的观察下让动物自然生长。故正确答案为选项D。16. 单选题The farmer had to wear heavy boots in winter because the fields were so wet and（ ）.问题1选项A.nastyB.messyC.dustyD.muddy【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nasty“肮脏的”；B选项messy“凌乱的”；C选项dusty“积满灰尘的”；D选项muddy“泥泞的”。句意：冬天的时候，农民不得不穿很重的靴子，因为地里潮湿又泥泞。本句表示field田地里的环境，根据生活常识以及wet潮湿，可知环境是泥泞的比较符合句意。因此D选项正确。17. 不定项选择题Would you stop buying Apples products if it decided to help the FBI open a terrorists iPhone? I thought not.Which is to say that Apple CEO Tim Cook, in his refusal to help the FBI break into iphones, is ahead of most of the population. But maybe not all that far ahead. His very public stance might even turn out to be the smartest thing hes done for Apple since becoming CEO.We all give our privacy away every day, constantly, to a panoply of entities. I actually snorted a laugh when Facebook and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position. Facebook and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it. Remember, their products are free; their core business is selling the details of our lives to advertisers.At the moment, when most consumers say theyre concerned about privacy, theyre kidding themselves. A recent survey by TRUSTe and the National Cyber Security Alliance found that 92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting their privacy.In other words, our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions.And encroachments on our privacy are only going to get worse. Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data about ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives. Artificial intelligence software can stitch together different kinds of data to paint a ridiculously accurate picture of an individual.In many ways, we welcome this the better technology knows us, the better it can serve us. But at what point does the exploitation of our details turn from convenience into invasion? And dont we want control of that knob to understand and decide what were agreeing to share?Cook is making us think about all that now. Do most people care much about this one case, this one phone? Not likely. But this fight is making us realize that we need to make some decisions, individually and as a society, about digital privacy before it gets away from us. A cynic might say Apple can afford to take this stand because it doesnt rely on selling advertising as a business model. But every company should take the publics interest in Apples decision to heart. Privacy is rising to a new level of awareness.Apple, so often on the forefront, seems to know this. The FBI said Cooks stand is a marketing ploy. In Cooks letter to customers, he snorted, “Absolutely not. Nothing could be further from the truth.” He added, “This is and always has been about our customers. We feel strongly that if we were to do what the government has asked of us - to create a backdoor to our products not only is it unlawful but it puts the vast majority of good and law abiding citizens, who rely on iphone to protect their most personal and important data, at risk.”So, really, Cooks position may not be a ploy. It could turn out to be brilliant marketing.1. Why did the author snort a laugh when Facebook and Google proclaimed their support for Cooks position?2. What does the word “encroachment” in paragraph 6 mean?3. The following devices are creating more data about our lives in a more detailed and intimate way EXCEPT（ ）.4. What can we infer from this passage?5. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.Because they didnt agree with Cook from the bottom of their hearts.B.Because they possessed more information about us than any other commercial entities.C.Because they made billions of dollars by supporting Apple.D.Because they didnt care about their clients privacy at all.问题2选项A.protectionB.violationC.promotionD.exploitation问题3选项A.TrusteB.Internet of Things sensorsC.Wearables like FitbitsD.Smart home devices like Nest问题4选项A.Cooks refusal is regarded as a mere tactic by the general public.B.All companies that provide free products are selling details of our lives to advertisers.C.Most people say they are concerned about their privacy but actually they fail to pay much attention to it.D.Every company should learn from Apples business models.问题5选项A.Awareness of privacy protection should be promotedB.Whether Cooks refusal is just a ployC.The battle between FBI and AppleD.How Tim Cook aims to profit from protecting privacy【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由上文可知，库克拒绝泄露用户隐私，那么为什么当Facebook和谷歌宣布支持库克的立场时，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句Facebook and Google horde more data about us than any other commercial entities and make billions of dollars on it（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商业实体拥有更多关于我们的数据，并从中赚取了数十亿美元），由此句可知，Facebook和谷歌通过用户隐私盈利，可见他们并没有那么尊重用户隐私，因此D选项“因为他们根本不关心客户的隐私”正确。第2题:语义推测题。根据下文可知，可穿戴设备、智能家居物联网传感器正在创造更多关于我们生活的更详细、更亲密的方面的数据。人工智能软件可以将不同种类的数据拼接在一起，绘制出一个极为精确的个体形象，由此可以推测出，我们的数据进一步被泄露了，因此B选项“侵害”正确。第3题:事实细节题。题干为“以下设备除了 之外，正在以更详细、更亲密的方式创造更多关于我们生活的数据”，本题可采用排除法。根据第六段第二句中的Wearables like Fitbits, smart home devices like Nest, connected cars and Internet of Things sensors are all creating ever more data about ever more detailed and intimate aspects of our lives（Fitbit等可穿戴设备、Nest等智能家居设备、联网汽车和物联网传感器都在创造越来越多的数据，这些数据涉及我们生活中更详细、更亲密的方面）可排除B、C、D选项，因此A选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。根据第四段第二句中的92 percent of respondents who use the Internet said they worry about online privacy, yet 89 percent do not avoid businesses they feel are not respecting their privacy（92%的上网受访者说他们担心网上隐私，但89%的人不会回避他们认为不尊重自己隐私的业务）和第五段our anxieties about this stuff are completely disconnected from our actions（我们对这些事情的焦虑与我们的行为完全无关）可推断出，虽然人们嘴上说着很注重隐私，但是他们的实际行动却不是这样的，因此C选项“大多数人说他们关心隐私，但实际上他们并没有足够重视这一点”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。文章由库克拒绝向FBI泄露隐私为开头，讲述了不同公司和个人对数据隐私保护的态度和具体做法，因此A选项“提高隐私保护意识”符合题意。B、C选项过于片面，D选项不符合文意，均可排除。        18. 单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northen Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.figureB.tollC.spanD.yield【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。figure“数字；人物”；toll“通行费；代价；伤亡人数”；span“跨度；范围”；yield“产量；收益”，此处death toll是表示“伤亡人数”的惯用说法。句意：一列运输奢侈品的火车脱轨掉在了印度东部的一座桥梁上，当地至少50人因为这次事件死亡。据北方铁路发言人说，死亡人数预计将上升。故正确答案为选项B。19. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。paradoxes “悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies “遗产”；platitudes “平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类比；类推”，根据when a people dies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发。句意：一个人去世的时候，在分之前他的债务必须偿还清楚。正确答案为选项B。20. 单选题To do this job well, you must be（ ）not only in English, but also in computer programming.问题1选项A.efficientB.effectiveC.proficientD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的”；B选项“有效的，起作用的”；C选项“熟练的，精通的”；D选项“有益的”。句意：为做好这项工作，你不但要在英语上而且在计算机编程方面都。综合句意和语义，此处填proficient“熟练的，精通的”。因此C选项符合题意。