2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考前模拟强化练习题6（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Passage 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a gre

2、at area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists” And these “generalists” are particularly nee

3、ded for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people to, organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional.

4、 The generalistand especially the administratordeals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.He is an “educated” man; and humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good ge

5、neralist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordi

6、ngly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for youbut this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job: it is primarily a training

7、job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.21. There is an increasing demand for _.22. The specialist is _.23. The administrator is _.24. During your training period, it is important _.25. A mans first job _.问题1选项A.specialists whose chief concern is to provide

8、administrative guidance to othersB.all-round people in their own fieldC.people whose job is to organize other peoples workD.generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional问题2选项A.a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional mattersB.a man whose job is to t

9、rain other peopleC.a man who has been trained in more than one fieldD.a man who can see the forest rather than the trees问题3选项A.a man who is an “educated” specialistB.a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistC.a man who sees the trees as well as the forestD.a man who is very strong i

10、n the humanities问题4选项A.to try to be a generalistB.to choose a profitable jobC.to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalistD.to find an organization which fits you问题5选项A.should not be regarded as his final jobB.is never the right job for himC.should not be changed or people will b

11、ecome suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD.is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】21.【选项释义】21. There is an increasing demand for _. 21. 对_的需求日益增加。A. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others A. 主要关心为他人提

12、供行政指导的专家B. all-round people in their own field B. 各自领域的全能型人才C. people whose job is to organize other peoples work C. 以组织他人工作为工作职责的人D. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional D. 技术或专业教育背景的通才【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据increasing demand定位至第一段第三、四句“但是，人们越来越需要那些一眼就能看到广阔领

13、域的人，这些人可能对任何一个领域都不太了解。换句话说，人们需要能够看到整个森林而不是树木的人，需要能够做出一般判断的人。”理解可知，能够做出一般判断的人的需求日益增加，结合第一段第五句“我们可以称这些人为通才，这些通才在行政管理职位上尤其需要，他们的工作是监督其他人工作，他们必须为其他人计划、组织其工作、开始工作和评判工作”可知，能够做出一般判断的人指的是行政管理职位上的人，C项“以组织他人工作为工作职责的人”同属行政管理的职能，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“主要关心为他人提供行政指导的专家”，根据原文可知，“通才”才是关心领导力、计划和方向的人才，该项属于张冠李戴；B项“各自领域的全能

14、型人才”，根据解题思路可知，需要的这类“通才”可能对任何一个领域都不太了解，该项属于反向干扰；D项“技术或专业教育背景的通才”，根据原文可知，专家的教育背景才是技术或专业，该项属于张冠李戴。22.【选项释义】22. The specialist is _. 22. 专家是_。A. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters A. 专门从事技术或专业事务的人B. a man whose job is to train other people B. 一个以训练他人为工作职责的人C. a man who

15、has been trained in more than one field C. 在多个领域受过训练的人D. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees D. 一个能看到整个森林而不是树木的人【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段倒数第二句“专家只了解一个领域，他的教育背景是适当的技术或专业”可知，专家是专门从事技术或专业事务的人，该题选择A项“专门从事技术或专业事务的人”正确。【干扰项排除】B项“一个以训练他人为工作职责的人”、C项“在多个领域受过训练的人”和D项“一个能看到整个森林而不是树木的人”是“通才”所具备

16、的能力，都属于张冠李戴。23.【选项释义】23. The administrator is _. 23. 管理者是_。A. a man who is an “educated” specialist A. 受过“教育”的专家B. a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist B. 一个“训练有素”的人，他是一个专家而不是通才C. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest C. 既能看到树木又能看到森林的人D. a man who is very strong in the

17、 humanities D. 很擅长人文学科的人【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“他是一个有教养的人；人文学科是他最坚实的基础”可知，人文学科对管理者而言是最坚固的基础，也就是说管理者很擅长人文学科，故该题选择D项“很擅长人文学科的人”。【干扰项排除】A项“受过教育的专家”和B项“一个训练有素的人，他是一个专家而不是通才”，根据第二段第二句“很少有专家能成为管理人员”可知，该项属于反向干扰；C项“既能看到树木又能看到森林的人”根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“通才尤其是管理者与人打交道”可知，管理者就是通才，而前文提到通才是“能够看到整个森林而不是树木的人”，该项属于曲

18、解原文。24.【选项释义】24. During your training period, it is important _. 24. 在你的培训期间，_是重要的。A. to try to be a generalist A. 努力成为一个通才B. to choose a profitable job B. 选择有利可图的工作C. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist C. 决定你是适合做专家还是通才D. to find an organization which fits you D. 找一个适合你

19、的组织【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“在培训期间，你的任务是找出你适合这两种工作中的哪一种，并据此规划你的职业生涯”，第二段提到的两种工作就是通才和专家，所以在培训期间，找到自己适合做专家还是通才是重要的，该题选择C项“决定你是适合做专家还是通才”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“努力成为一个通才”与原文不符，该项属于曲解原文；B项“选择有利可图的工作”和D项“找一个适合你的组织”文中没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。25.【选项释义】25. A mans first job _. 25. 一个人的第一份工作_。A. should not be regarde

20、d as his final job A. 不应该被视为自己的最后一份工作B. is never the right job for him B. 永远不适合他C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job C. 不应该被改变，否则人们会怀疑他是否有能力胜任任何工作D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job D. 主要是让自己适应最后一份工作的机会【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解

21、题思路】根据题干定位至第三段“你的第一份工作可能是适合你的但这纯粹是偶然。当然，你不应该经常换工作，否则人们会怀疑你从事任何工作的能力。同时，你也不能把第一份工作看成最后一份工作：它主要是一份培训工作，一个了解你自己以及你是否适合成为一名员工的机会。”，从中理解可知，第一份工作可能是适合的，但是不应该把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，所以该题选择A项“不应该被视为自己的最后一份工作”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“永远不适合他”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰；C项“不应该被改变，否则人们会怀疑他是否有能力胜任任何工作”，不是不应该改变，而是不应该经常换工作，该项属于曲解原文；D项“主要是让自己适应最

22、后一份工作的机会”，不应该把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，该项属于反向干扰。2. 单选题They did not find _ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.问题1选项A.worth their whileB.it worthwhileC.it worthD.it worthy【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worth their while值得 B. it worthwhile值得C. it worth值得 D. it worthy值得【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据find可知，find it +

23、adj. + to do是固定搭配，表示“发现干某事是”，而worthwhile的搭配是it is worthwhile to do（做某事是值得的），所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合固定搭配；C项worth要与doing搭配使用；D项worthy要与of搭配使用。【句意】他们觉得为可能遇到的最坏情况做准备是不值得的。3. 单选题Shes got so _ to light music that it has become a constant companion of her life.问题1选项A.use to listenB.used to listenC.used in li

24、steningD.used to listening【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. use to listen B. used to listenC. used in listening D. used to listening【答案】D【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据got可知，get used to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于”，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】B项get used to中的to是介词，后面不能直接跟动词原形；A、C项不符合固定搭配。【句意】她已经非常习惯听轻音乐，轻音乐已经成为她生活中永远的伴侣。4. 单选题His temper and perso

25、nality show that he can become a soldier of the top _.问题1选项A.circleB.rankC.categoryD.grade【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. circle圆圈 B. rank（尤指较高的）地位，级别C. category（人或事物的）类别，种类 D. grade等级，品级【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词soldier和top可知，此处是指最高军衔的军人，而rank指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔，符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；D项是指按照地位或优劣划分的等级，是

26、比较宽泛的等级，放在句中不恰当。【句意】他的脾气和个性表明他能成为一名有最高军衔的军人。5. 翻译题Yoga should be done with an open, gentle, and nom critical mind: when one stretches into a yoga position, it can be thought of as accepting and working on ones limits.【答案】瑜伽应该以一种开放、温和、不挑剔的心态来完成：当一个人伸展成瑜伽姿势时，可以被认为是接受并努力达到自己的极限。6. 单选题As one of the worl

27、ds highest paid models, she had her face _ for five million dollars.问题1选项A.positedB.assuredC.measuredD.insured【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. posited假设；认定 B. assured使确信C. measured测量；度量 D. insured投保【答案】D【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句的句意“作为世界上收入最高的模特之一”，结合关键词face可推知，她为自己的脸投保，空格处表示“投保”符合句意，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。【句意】作为世界

28、上收入最高的模特之一，她为自己的脸投保了500万美元。7. 单选题There has been a collision _ a number of cars on the main road to town.问题1选项A.composingB.consistingC.involvingD.enraging【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. composing组成，构成（一个整体） B. consisting存在于；由组成（或构成）C. involving包含；涉及 D. enraging使异常愤怒；激怒【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息a collision（一起碰撞）和a

29、 number of cars（多辆汽车）可知，这句话是表达“道路上发生了一起多辆汽车碰撞的事故”，空格处表示“涉及”符合句意，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。【句意】在进城的主要道路上发生了一起涉及多辆汽车的碰撞事故。8. 单选题Within the hour the show is canceled and everyone returns to the hotel to _ their sorrows.问题1选项A.pourB.swallowC.sufferD.drown【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. pour倾倒，倒出 B. swallow吞下；咽下C. s

30、uffer（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难 D. drown（使）淹死；淹没，浸没【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据前半句“不到一小时，演出就取消了”可知，每个人都是沉浸在悲伤之中，所以空格处表示“沉浸”符合句意，而drown ones sorrow可以表示“沉浸在悲伤之中”，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B项不符合句意；C项suffer要与from连用，故排除。【句意】不到一小时，演出就取消了，每个人都回到酒店沉浸在忧伤里。9. 单选题Its harmful to ones health to _ smoking and drinking.问题1选项A.take onB.

31、take toC.take inD.take off【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. take on承担；呈现 B. take to喜欢上；养成的习惯C. take in吸收 D. take off起飞【答案】B【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词harmful可知，抽烟喝酒对健康有害；空格处需要填入一个动词词组，take to表示“开始做某事、养成的习惯”符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】养成吸烟喝酒的习惯对健康有害。10. 单选题Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.问题1选项A.contractsB.reducesC.

32、condensesD.compresses【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. contracts（使）收缩，缩小 B. reduces减少；降低C. condenses（由气体）冷凝，（使气体）凝结 D. compresses（被）压紧，压缩【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词cooler（变冷），结合常识可知，热胀冷缩，所以空格处表示“缩小”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合句意；D项是指由于外力的压缩造成的，不符合语境。【句意】热金属一开始变冷就收缩。11. 单选题Jims close _ to his brother made people mistake t

33、hem for one another.问题1选项A.accuracyB.confusionC.probabilityD.resemblance【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. accuracy精确，准确 B. confusion困惑；混乱C. probability可能性；概率 D. resemblance相似，相像【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】按照句意“吉姆和他哥哥的_使人们误以为他们是彼此”可推知，吉姆兄弟俩让人们认不出来，说明吉姆和他哥哥长得相似，resemblance是指与某人或某物相似或看起来相似，与介词to搭配使用，故该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句

34、意。【句意】吉姆和他哥哥长得很像，这使人们误以为他们是彼此。12. 单选题Home economists recommend _ in large quantities.问题1选项A.to buy basic food itemsB.buying basic items of the foodC.buying basic food itemsD.to buy basic items of the food【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. to buy basic food items购买基本食品 B. buying basic items of the food购买基本食品C. buying

35、 basic food items购买基本食品 D. to buy basic items of the food购买基本食品【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】food items是常见搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D项；recommend可以和to do搭配，也可以与doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommend sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以此处选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项要加sb.才符合搭配，故排

36、除；B、D项不符合固定搭配。【句意】家庭经济学家建议大量购买基本食品。13. 单选题During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _ his point by relating his own experiences.问题1选项A.illustratedB.hintedC.tiedD.displayed【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. illustrated说明，阐明 B. hinted暗示；透露C. tied（用线、绳等）系，拴 D. displayed陈列；展出【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词the speaker（演讲者）

37、和his point（他的观点）可推知，空格处表示“阐明观点”，illustrate指用例子、故事或图表阐明，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】在讲座中，演讲者偶尔会通过讲述自己的经历来阐述他的观点。14. 单选题Passage 2Polyester (聚酯) is now being used for bottles, ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle bus

38、iness and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars,

39、and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing Melina, the raw material from which high quit polyester boles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola starte

40、d selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.Glass is

41、still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopk

42、eepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade.ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesti

43、ng shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.26. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bott

44、les _.27. Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?28. Why arent all bottles tow made of polyester?29. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they _.30. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans _.问题1选项A.since 1982B.sinc

45、e the 1970s but only for large bottlesC.since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in themD.since companies like Coca Cola first tried them问题2选项A.The other things they make are not selling well.B.Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.C.They have factories which could be adapted to mak

46、e it.D.The price of oil keeps changing.问题3选项A.The price of oil and plastic has risen.B.It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C.The public like traditional glass bottles.D.Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.问题4选项A.are cheaperB.are more suited to small sitesC.are more exciting to look atD.

47、do not break easily问题5选项A.have been used for many yearsB.are an idea that interests the plastics companiesC.are possible, but only for hot foodD.are the first things being made in the new factories【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】26.【选项释义】26. Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottl

48、es _. 26. _，各种各样的塑料被用来制造瓶子。A. since 1982 A. 自1982年以来B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles B. 自20世纪70年代以来，但只用于制作大瓶子C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them C. 自20世纪60年代以来，但不适用于含气体的液体D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them D. 自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第四

49、段倒数第二句“自20世纪60年代以来就一直被用于制作瓶子的塑料聚氯乙烯也不适合含气体的饮料”理解可知，自20世纪60年代以来，塑料就被用于制作瓶子，但是不适合含气体的饮料，C项“自20世纪60年代以来，但不适用于含气体的液体”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“自1982年以来”是化工和塑料公司开设新工厂的时间，该项属于张冠李戴；B项“自20世纪70年代以来，但只用于制作大瓶子”，文中没有提到塑料只能用于制作大瓶子，只是提到塑料对于制作大瓶来说很好，该项属于曲解原文；D项“自可口可乐等公司首次尝试塑料以来”，文中只提到可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料，没有说是第一次尝试，该项属于无中

50、生有。27.【选项释义】27. Why is ICIs Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles? 27. 为什么化工和塑料公司的塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣？A. The other things they make are not selling well. A. 他们生产的其他东西卖得不好。B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles. B. 玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子。C. They have factories which could be adapted t

51、o make it. C. 他们有工厂可以进行改造。D. The price of oil keeps changing. D. 石油的价格一直在变化。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段的内容“所有的塑料制造商都经历了困难时期，因为过去几年他们的传统产品在全球范围内的表现都很糟糕。在1982年到1984年之间，化工和塑料公司的塑料业务损失了1.2亿美元，他们认为最有希望的新市场是包装、瓶子和易拉罐。”可知，塑料制造商过去几年的传统产品的表现很糟糕，甚至是造成损失，所以他们把目光投向了新市场：包装、瓶子和易拉罐；综合理解可以推断，化工和塑料公司的塑料业务之所以对聚酯瓶感兴趣，

52、是因为他们生产的其他塑料用品销量不好，A项“他们生产的其他东西卖得不好”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“玻璃制造商无法生产足够的新瓶子”，根据第一段“聚酯现在正被用于瓶子制造，化工和塑料公司认为，聚酯现在正开始打破玻璃对瓶子业务的控制，因此他们可以利用这个巨大的市场”可知，化工和塑料公司是想利用这个市场打破玻璃对瓶子业务的垄断，并不是玻璃瓶产量不足，该项属于曲解原文；C项“他们有工厂可以进行改造”并不是塑料业务对聚酯瓶感兴趣的原因，该项属于曲解原文；D项“石油的价格一直在变化”文中没有提及，该项属于无中生有。28.【选项释义】28. Why arent all bottles tow made

53、of polyester? 28. 为什么不是所有的瓶子都是聚酯纤维做的？A. The price of oil and plastic has risen. A. 石油和塑料的价格已经上涨。B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks. B. 不适合含气体的饮料。C. The public like traditional glass bottles. C. 公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles. D. 店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路

54、】根据第六段最后两句“店主和其他商人不太可能反对从玻璃改为聚酯，因为这些瓶子意味着很少的破损，这是昂贵和耗时的。然而，公众却很难被说服。”可知，店主和商人同意把玻璃瓶换成聚酯瓶，但公众却很难被说服，推断可知，公众还是更喜欢传统的玻璃瓶。该题选择C项“公众喜欢传统的玻璃瓶”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“石油和塑料的价格已经上涨”，根据第五段“对于小瓶来说，玻璃还是比较便宜的，而且会继续如此，除非石油和塑料变得更便宜”可知，除非石油和塑料变得更便宜，不然的话，玻璃制作小瓶子更便宜，但是这并不意味着石油和塑料的价格已经上涨，该项属于曲解原文；B项“不适合含气体的饮料”根据第四段第一句“聚酯瓶诞生于2

55、0世纪70年代，当时可口可乐等软饮料公司开始用两升的巨型容器销售饮料”可知，聚酯瓶适合含气体的饮料，该项属于反向干扰；D项“店主不喜欢可重复使用的瓶子”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰。29.【选项释义】29. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they _. 29. 制造商认为聚酯瓶比玻璃瓶更好，因为他们_。A. are cheaper A. 更便宜B. are more suited to small sites B. 更适合小型场地C. are more exciting t

56、o look at C. 看起来更刺激D. do not break easily D. 不容易破碎【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第六段前两句“聚酯瓶实际上是牢不可破的（unbreakable）。制造商声称，它们也更轻，在处理时噪音更小，并且可以重复使用。”理解可知，制造商认为聚酯瓶是牢不可破的，也就是说他们不容易破碎，该题选择D项“不容易破碎”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“更便宜”根据第五段“对于小瓶来说，玻璃还是比较便宜的，而且会继续如此”可知，聚酯瓶不比玻璃瓶便宜，该项属于反向干扰；B项“更适合小型场地”和C项“看起来更刺激”文中没有提及，这两项属于无中生有。30.【选

57、项释义】30. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans _. 30. 用和罐头一样的方式装食物的塑料容器_。A. have been used for many years A. 已经使用了很多年B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies B. 是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法C. are possible, but only for hot food C. 是可能的，但只能装热的食物D. are the first things being made in

58、 the new factories D. 是新工厂生产的第一批产品【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至最后一段“下一步可能是开发一种可以代替食品罐头的塑料”，也就是说可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来，但是塑料公司已经有这样的想法，所以推断开发装食物的塑料容器是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法，该题选择B项“是一个引起塑料公司兴趣的想法”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“已经使用了很多年”和D项“是新工厂生产的第一批产品”，根据原文可知，可以代替装食品的罐子的塑料还没有被开发出来，所以这两项属于反向干扰；C项“是可能的，但只能装热的食物”，文章最后一句指出“这里的问题是烹

59、饪容器中的食物所必需的高温”可知，要开发出能够装食物的塑料容器首先要解决的问题是如何让塑料承受食物烹饪中所需要的高温，所以该项属于反向干扰。15. 单选题They dont know how to put in a central-heating system, but they managed it by trial and _.问题1选项A.faultB.slopC.errorD.mistake【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. fault过错；缺点 B. slop泔水；（倒掉的）剩饭菜C. error错误；差错 D. mistake错误，失误【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】按照

60、句意“他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过试验和_设法做到了”，由by trial可知，by trial and error是固定搭配，表示“反复试验”，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项泛指抽象的过失、过错、责任等，不符合句意；B项不符合句意；D项指判断或理解方面的错误，或是由于缺乏思考或疏忽而造成的错误，不符合句意。【句意】他们不知道如何安装中央供暖系统，但他们通过反复试验设法做到了。16. 单选题John said that his present job does not provide him with enough _ for his organizing ability.问

61、题1选项A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.range【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. scope（做或实现某事的）机会，能力；（题目、组织、活动等的）范围 B. space（可利用的）空地，空间C. capacity容量；容积；容纳能力 D. range（变动或浮动的）范围，界限【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词organizing ability（组织能力）可知，enough _指的是“（发挥组织能力的）足够空间”，而scope是指实现某事或者做某事的机会或能力，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项牛津释义是an amount of an area or of a place that is empty or that is available for