2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题35（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。2. 单选题My aunt（ ）a brightly-colored t

2、hread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment.问题1选项A.woundB.curvedC.spunD.bent【答案】A【解析】wind缠绕；curve使弯曲；spin旋转；bend弯曲。句意：阿姨在手指上绕了一根颜色鲜艳的线, 这样就不会忘记她的约定了。选项A符合语境。3. 单选题Theres _ when we shall meet again.问题1选项A.not knowB.no knowingC.not to knowD.never knowing【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我们什么时候再见面还不知道。

3、考查there be句型，横线处应该填名词，knowing是动名词，B选项no knowing正确，A选项not know和C选项not to know错误。结合语境，这里没有永远都不知道的意思，D选项never knowing错误。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Many companies allow you to try equipment and will _ equipment to you in your own home.问题1选项A.proclaimB.demonstrateC.recommendD.package【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项proclaim“宣告；成为标

4、志”；B选项demonstrate“证实；表现，显露”；C选项recommend“举荐；建议”；D选项package“将包装好；包装成”。句意：许多公司允许您试用设备，并将设备_送到您自己家中。横线处和equipment“设备”形成动宾关系，D选项package“将包装好”可以进行搭配，符合题意。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题You and I agree to meet at four-thirty, I show up at 4: 33. I dont say anything, because thats close enough to satisfy our social contrac

5、t. Only after five minutes do you expect me to say, “Sorry, Im late.” At ten minutes I owe you an explanation, “The freeway exit was closed. I had to go four miles out of my way.” After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After forty minutes Id better not show up at all.That so

6、rt of thingformally observed and never explicitly stated drives people from other cultures crazy. Anthropologists list the toughest things to cope with in a foreign land. Second only to language is the way we deal with time.Now psychologists look at our view of time another way. They go into several

7、 countries and measure the pace of life. They measure the accuracy of bank clocks and how fast city dwellers walk. They time transactions in banks and post offices. They see how long people lake to answer questions.Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesian

8、s are at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your questions. Indonesians dont give a fig about sting their bank clocks. Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. Californias “laid back” rep

9、utation is deserved. The slowest pace of all is kept in Los Angeles.Finally, we look at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hearts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for i

10、t.Now its 4:55. Im strolling, unhurried toward our 4:30 meeting. Im thinking something about Isaac Watts, the English poet, wrote:Time, what an empty vapour it is;And days how swift they are!Swift as an Indian arrow flies,Or like a shooting star.That tension soaks through our view of time. Can we se

11、e time as an empty vapor? Or do our technologies define time and bind us to in? In a technology-dense world, we too often let time turn into an Indian arrowone aimed at our heart.So the clock ticks, and we ask: Is time an arrow we must dodge or vapor we can ignore? If were smart, we live by the cloc

12、k only when we have to. Otherwise, we sit back and play. We know how to let tine be only vapor, after all.1. In America you have to apologize sincerely if you are _.2. We know from the passage that _.3. In the United States, the pace of life is quite relaxed in _.4. Which sentence correctly restates

13、 “Smokers who drive themselves are reallyrally asking for it”?5. What the author wants to tell us is that _.问题1选项A.5 minutes lateB.20 minutes lateC.40 minutes lateD.10 minutes late问题2选项A.Indonesians do not measure the accuracy of bank clocksB.Japanese keep a fairly fast paceC.the pace of life in Ame

14、rica is the fastestD.Italians lake their time in doing things问题3选项A.CaliforniaB.HoustonC.Los AngelesD.New York问题4选项A.Smokers should not drive cars because they get into accidents easily.B.Smokers who have heart disease should not drive themselves.C.Smokers who work too hard will soon find themselves

15、 down with heart trouble.D.Smokers who drive their own cars are really asking for trouble.问题5选项A.people with heart trouble should not smokeB.time is dangerous in that it is like an arrow aimed at our heartsC.living by the clock in our technology-dense world could be fatalD.we should avoid having eve

16、ry moment of our life ruled by the clock【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段After twenty minutes I have to make a full and serious apology. After forty minutes Id better not show up at all.（在迟到20分钟后，我必须真诚道歉。在迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面。），所以B选项“迟到20分钟”正确。A选项“迟到5分钟”对应文章第一段，此处提到在迟到五分钟后，我应该说“对不起，我来

17、迟了”，与题干不符，属于出处错位；C选项“迟到40分钟”对应第二段“迟到40分钟后，我最好不露面”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位；D选项“迟到10分钟”对应第二段“在迟到10分钟后，我欠你一个解释”，与题干意思不符，属于出处错位。因此B选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Japanese keep the fastest pace. Americans are a close second. Italians and Indonesians are at the bottom of the list. Italians give long answers to your que

18、stions. Indonesians dont give a fig about setting their bank clocks.（日本人回答问题的速度最快。美国人紧随其后。意大利人和印尼人排在最后。意大利人对你的问题回答很长。印尼人对设置银行时钟毫不在意。），由日本人回答问题的速度可推断出日本人的生活节奏很快，所以B选项“日本人的节奏相当快”正确。A选项“印度尼西亚人不会测量银行时钟的准确性”说法错误，此处只提到印度尼西亚人对银行设置的时钟不理会，并没有提到时钟的准确性测量，属于曲解原文；C选项“美国的生活节奏是最快的”说法错误，此处说到日本的生活节奏最快，美国第二，属于反向干扰；D选

19、项“意大利人做事很费时”说法错误，此处只提到意大利人在银行回答问题的答案很长，并不意味着他们做所有的事情都费时，属于曲解原文。因此B选项正确。3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段Among American cities, Boston and Kansas City are fastest. New York is up there, of course, but we keep a faster pace here in Houston. Californias “laid-back” reputation is deserved. The slowest pace of all i

20、s kept in Los Angeles.（在美国城市中，波士顿和堪萨斯城的生活节奏是最快的。当然，纽约在这方面一直领先，但休斯敦的节奏比纽约更快。加利福利亚“悠闲”的名声当之无愧。最慢的是洛杉矶。），由此可知洛杉矶是美国生活节奏最轻松的，所以C选项“洛杉矶”正确。A选项“加利福利亚”，虽然此处提到了加利福利亚的生活很轻松，但不是最轻松的，故不选，属于出处错位；B选项“休斯顿”，此处说到纽约的生活节奏一直很快，休斯顿比纽约更快一点，而题干中问的是生活最轻松的地方，故B选项和D选项“纽约”都不选，属于反向干扰。因此C选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第五段Finally, we l

21、ook at heart disease. Thats tricky, because other factors are involved. Our hearts greatest enemy is tobacco. But heart disease also correlates with the pace we keep. Smokers who drive themselves are really asking for it.（最后，我们来看看心脏病。这很棘手，因为还涉及到其他因素。我们心中最大的敌人是烟草。但心脏病也与我们保持的节奏有关。自己开车的吸烟者真的是自找麻烦），由此可推

22、断出患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车，所以B选项“患有心脏病的吸烟者不应该自己开车”正确。A选项“吸烟者不应该开车，因为他们很容易出事故”和D选项“自己开车的烟民真是自找麻烦”此处都有提到，但是吸烟者开车并不会有什么危险，除非他患有心脏病，A、D选项都没有体现这一点，属于曲解原文；C选项“努力工作的吸烟者很快就会发现自己患有心脏病”文章并没有明确提到，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章最后两段尤其最后一段的第二句If were smart, we live by the clock only when we have to.（如果我们够聪明，我们只会在必要的时候

23、按时间行事。），结合文章可知作者把时间比喻成蒸汽和指向我们心脏的利箭，但其实患心脏病也与生活节奏有关，所以可以推断作者认为生活节奏快对身体健康是不利的，我们的生活不应该完全受时间掌控，所以D选项“我们应该避免让时钟主宰我们生活的每一刻”正确。A选项“患有心脏病的人不应该吸烟”对应文章五段，文章只在该段提到了吸烟对心脏病有消极作用，但作者还提到了生活节奏太快也会导致心脏病发作，且全文都与生活节奏相关，所以A选项不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全；B选项“时间是危险的，因为它就像一支指向我们心灵的箭”对应文章倒数第二段，此处提到我们的技术定义了我们对时间的看法，它可以是一把利箭，我们也可以把它当蒸

24、汽，这都取决于人们自己的选择，属于以偏概全；C选项“在我们这个技术密集的世界里，按时钟生活可能是致命的”对应倒数第二段的最后一句，虽然该选项说法无误，但是不足以概括作者的意图，属于以偏概全。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题We must ensure a rational proportion between（ ）and consumption.问题1选项A.conformationB.accelerationC.coordinationD.accumulation【答案】D【解析】conformation构造, 一致；acceleration加速, 促进；coordination协调, 对等；a

25、ccumulation积聚, 累积。根据句意可知, 这里应填入consumption的反义词, 只有选项D符合语境。7. 单选题He carried a pale bone which he kept throwing out into the dune for the bird dog to _.问题1选项A.castB.traceC.chaseD.retrieve【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cast“扔，掷，抛”；B选项trace“寻找到，追踪”；C选项chase“追赶，追捕”；D选项retrieve“（从不属于某物应该在的地方）找回，取回”。句意：他拿着一根白骨，不断把它扔到沙

26、丘里，让猎鸟犬去_。骨头被反复扔到沙丘里，就是为了让狗去取回，因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Military orders are（ ） and cannot be disobeyed.问题1选项A.detectiveB.conservativeC.alternativeD.imperative【答案】D【解析】detective侦探的；conservative保守的；alternative可选择的；imperative命令的，势在必行的。根据句意可知，这里指军事命令是必须执行的，不得不遵守。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题In the past few years, reformers have

27、embraced a disarmingly simple idea for fixing schools; Why not actually flunk those students who dont earn passing grades? Both Democrats and Republicans have begun attacking the practice of “social promotion” - shuttling bad students to the next grade, advancing them with peers even if they are fai

28、ling. Make F truly mean failure, the movement says.Last week in Los Angeles, the reformers learned just how ornery, the current system can be. According to a plan released Tuesday by the L.A. school district, ending social promotion there will take at least four years, could cost hundreds of million

29、s of dollarsand probably would require flunking about half the districts students. Thats a pessimistic assessment, but its not just bureaucrats caterwauling. Rather, L.A school superintendent Ruben Zacarias was an eager convert to the crusade against social promotion. In February he unveiled an ambi

30、tious plan to end unwarranted promotions in five grades during the 1999-2000 school yeara full year ahead of the timetable set by a state law.At the time, Zacarias acknowledged that his goal would be hard to meet. He estimated that as many as 6 of every 10 students would flunk if they had to advance

31、 on merit. Zacarias wanted to spend $140 million in the first year alone to help these kids. Why so much? Because a mountain of research shows that ending social promotion doesnt work. If it just means more Fs. Kids who are simply forced to repeat grades over and over usually dont improve academical

32、ly and often drop out. Zacarias wanted more tutoring, summer school and intensive learning classes. Unqualified students wouldnt rise to the next grade; nor would they be doomed to redo work they already failed. It was a forward-looking plan that Zacarias, 70, didnt have the clout to enact. He wasnt

33、 popular enoughthe school board recently bought out his contract after a bitter power strugglebut even fellow reformers think his plan was too much, too soon. Says board member. David Tokofsky: “Youve got the unions who want their say. And, of course, theres the facilities issue: Where do you send a

34、ll these eighth-graders if you cant send them to high school?” The district now says it will stop advancing low-achieving students only in two grades (second and eighth), and it will begin next year.Los Angeles isnt the only place that has run into roadblocks while trying to end social promotion. In

35、 New York City, some advocates have said in lawsuits that parents werent notified early enough that their kids were flunking. And in Chicago, which led the nation on the issue, a parents group has filed civil rights complaints alleging that the promotion crackdown holds back a disproportionate numbe

36、r of black and Latino kids.Still, the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence: if every school district takes L.A.s approach, struggling students will get a lot more teaching help, not just a kick in the rear as they finish another unproductive school year.1.“Social promotion” is

37、 （ ）.2.Education officials give the reform prospect a pessimistic assessment because （ ）.3.The writer mentioned the case of Zacamas to show that （ ）.4.It seems that the effort at ending social promotion （ ）.5.Toward the proposal of ending social promotion, the authors attitude seems to be （ ）.问题1选项A

38、.a simple idea for fixing schoolB.flunking students who dont earn passing gradesC.making F more or less meaninglessD.a political movement问题2选项A.it takes too long time, costs too much and may produce undesirable resultB.there is no feasible plan yetC.it involves too many studentsD.it is not approved

39、by state legislature问题3选项A.ending social promotion doesnt workB.schools do not have the ability to enact his plan.C.plans like his are too ambitiousD.its hard to reach agreement on the issue of ending social promotion问题4选项A.is confronting a lot of resistanceB.has proved fruitlessC.has little hope of

40、 successD.does more harm than good问题5选项A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.objectiveD.biased【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知, “social promotion”指即使成绩差的学生考试不及格, 还是会把他们送进下一年级, 让他们与同龄人一起进步。而改革者们认为要让“F”真正意味着失败, 很显然social promotion使“F”失去了原本的意义, 所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段的二三句, 结束该学区的社会推广活动至少需要四年时间, 可能会花费数亿美元, 而且

41、可能需要该学区约一半的学生不及格。这是一个悲观的估计.选项A花费时间长, 成本高, 可能会产生不良的后果与原文表述一致, 所以正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知, 大量的研究表明, 停止社会推广是行不通的。但是Zacarias的计划由于他在董事会的失利以及其他改革者的反对而失败了, 作者其实是想表明, 停止“社会促进”很难达成统一的意见所以才会失败。所以选项D正确。4.根据第四段第一句“Los Angeles isnt the only place that has run into roadblocks while trying to end social promotion.”洛杉矶并不是唯一

42、一个在试图结束“社会促进”时遇到障碍的地方。所以选项A正确。5.根据最后一段第一句“Still, the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence.”尽管如此, “社会促进”的斗争可能会产生一个有益的结果.由此可知, 作者的态度是积极的, 选项B正确。10. 单选题Crops dies during the（ ）, resulting in famine throughout the country.问题1选项A.adversityB.disasterC.droughtD.calamity【答案】C【解析】adver

43、sity灾难，逆境，不幸；disaster灾祸；drought干旱；calamity 灾难，不幸事件。根据句意可知，庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡，所以选项C符合语境。11. 单选题The virus is usually blood-borne and may _ almost any organ in the body.问题1选项A.patronizeB.infectC.engraveD.enroll【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项patronize“屈尊对待；赞助”；B选项infect“感染”；C选项engrave“在上雕刻（字或图案）”；D选项enroll“注册”。句意：这种病毒通常是

44、血液传播的，可以_几乎身体的任何器官。横线处和organ“器官”形成动宾关系，病毒感染身体，B选项infect“感染”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, corporate budgets for research development are often（ ）before any others.问题1选项A.shiftedB.examinedC.slashedD.presented【答案】C【解析】shift转移, 变换；examine检查；slash削减；present提出, 呈现。句意：在经济困难时期, 企业的研究开

45、发预算往往比其他任何时候都要先削减。选项C符合句意。13. 翻译题 The educated man is presumed to know what is wrong in the world, and what should be done to rectify it. If his education has amounted to anything, it should have increased his ability to think clearly and scientifically, and thus to know how to get at the cause and

46、effect of political, social, economic industrial evils. No man has right to consider education as merely a personal benefit enabling him to be more prosperous and happy in the world. He must look upon it as imposing upon him a responsibility to increase the welfare of others. Too many regard it as t

47、heir own possession, and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others, and to be used for good of society at large.【答案】受过教育的人被认定能辨别是非, 并能正确改正。如果他受的教育已经达到了一定程度, 便能提高其进行清晰和科学思维的能力, 从而了解政治、社会、经济工业犯罪所产生的原因和所造成的影响。没有任何人有资格只把教师当作自己的个人利益, 利用教育使自 己在这世界上变得更加富有和幸福。他必须把它看作为强加于他身上的以増加他人福利的职责。太多人

48、把教育作为自己独有的财富, 从未认识到应该与他人一起分享, 将其最大限 度地用在社会公益事业上。14. 单选题The fireman（ ）the baby and carried him out of the burning house.问题1选项A.caught upB.seized upC.snatched upD.held up【答案】C【解析】catch up赶上；seize up中止，失灵；snatch up夺取，抓起；hold up举起，阻挡。句意：消防队员一把抓起孩子，把他从着火的房子里抱了出来。选项C符合语境。15. 单选题Why should anyone want to r

49、ead（ ）of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes from reading the originals?问题1选项A.digestsB.themesC.leafletsD.insights【答案】A【解析】句意：当真正的乐趣来自于阅读原著时, 为什么有人想要阅读伟大作家的作品摘要呢？选项A更符合语境。16. 单选题The research in areas of human _ and exploration suggests that these characteristics arise from both intri

50、nsic motivations or drives to gain information and extrinsic explorative behavior.问题1选项A.orderlinessB.curiosityC.innocenceD.shyness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项orderliness“整洁，整齐；秩序井然”；B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心；珍品，古董，古玩”；C选项innocence“清白，无罪；天真无邪”；D选项shyness“羞怯”。句意：人类_和探索领域的研究表明，这些特征来自于获取信息的内在动机或驱动，以及外在的探索行为。横线处与后面的“探

51、索领域”是并列主语，与获取信息和探索对应度最高的是好奇心，B选项curiosity“好奇，好奇心”符合题意。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题I stared into the blackness and wondered if he was as aware of my presence as I _.问题1选项A.was of hisB.was of himC.did himD.did of his【答案】A【解析】考查句子省略。句意：我盯着他阴沉的脸，想知道他是否注意到我的存在，正如我知道他的存在一样。as到句尾是状语从句，从句还原为as I was as aware of his pres

52、ence，这里和前面if引导的宾语从句部分重复，故省略重复的部分，A选项was of his符合题意。其余选项语法错误。因此A选项正确。18. 翻译题1. If the young engineer didnt have all these qualities, he could never have done what he has done or have the chance of succeeding in what he is trying to do.2. Cloning doesnt necessarily make cells grow old, and can even ac

53、t as a fountain of youth, say researchers who have been investigating a group of cloned calves.3. We often reach an impasse in our thinking, at that moment we are looking at a problem, and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead end.4. The curriculum of the high school is similar to conventi

54、onal school that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science, besides, all students are required to take performing arts and sports and provide a community service.5. In the Philippines, women were found to contribute about a third of households cash income, but

55、 55 percent of household support if the economic value of their activities at home, such as growing food, or gathering hay to feed the family donkey, is included.【答案】1. 如果这位年轻的工程师没有所有这些品质，他就不可能完成他所做的事情，也不可能有机会在他所尝试的事情上取得成功。2. 一直在研究一组克隆小牛的研究人员说，克隆不一定会使细胞衰老，甚至还能起到不老泉的作用。3. 我们经常在思维过程中陷入僵局，当我们看到问题并试图解决时

56、，似乎就会有一个死胡同。4. 这所高中的课程与传统学校的课程类似，都为升入大学做准备，包括英语、历史、数学和科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。5. 研究发现，在菲律宾，妇女贡献了家庭现金收入的三分之一，但如果算上家务的经济价值，比如种植粮食或收集干草饲养家中的驴子，则为家庭贡献了55%。19. 单选题Whatever the causes, the English by the end of the year 2050 will have been more widely spoken and written than any other language _.问题

57、1选项A.ever wasB.had ever beenC.would ever beD.has ever been【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。will have been是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项has ever been符合题意。A选项ever was是一般过去时，B选项had ever been是过去完成时，C选项would ever be是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。20. 单选题While its

58、 unique eating habits make the mountain gorilla a fascinating subject for observations, its small population and its shyness serve to _ many potential studies.问题1选项A.inspireB.fortifyC.releaseD.hinder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项inspire“赋予灵感；鼓舞；激起”；B选项fortify“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项release“（情感）发泄；放松”；D选项hinder“阻碍”。句意：虽然山地大猩猩独特的饮食习惯吸引许多人的观察，但它数量少和害羞的特点_许多研究的可能性。横线处和studies构成动宾关系，While表示转折，大猩猩数量少且害羞，即使很多人想研究大猩猩也不能顺利地进行研究，会遇到一些困难，D选项hinder“阻碍”符合题意。因此D选项正确。