2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题38（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-上海交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题（ ） in their island community, the various tribes used languages which became more and more similar to each others.问题1选项A.ManagedB.ShrunkC.AssumedD.Isolated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。manage经营, 管理; shrink收缩, 退缩; assume假设,猜想; isolate使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱 离。句意：在与世隔绝的岛上，各个部落使用的语言越来越相似。选

2、项D符合句意。2. 单选题Soil （ ） is a natural process. It becomes a problem when human activity causes it to occur much faster than under natural conditions.问题1选项A.preservationB.abrasionC.erosionD.eruption【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。preservation保留，保护；abrasion磨损，损耗；erosion腐蚀，侵蚀；eruption喷发，爆发。句意：土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程。当人类活动导致它比自然条件下发生得

3、快得多时，这就成了一个问题。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that

4、, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day t

5、o the next what their activities will be.There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively fo

6、r three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set a

7、side regular hours for the more important aspects or their work. The tough-minded school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them ha

8、ve a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of freedom. Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to self-expression or personality development. Our society insists on regular habits, time keeping and punctuality and whether we like it or not, if we m

9、ean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.1.The most widespread problem on applying oneself to study is that of （ ）.2.According to the passage, there are many students who （ ） .3.Those workers with strict views on work （ ） .4.In Paragraph 4 as the fit takes them means （ ） .5.

10、A suitable title for this passage might be （ ） .问题1选项A.the failure to keep a routine of methodical and intensive workB.changing from one subject to anotherC.unwillingness to follow a systematic planD.applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined问题2选项A.do not like being commanded to stud

11、y according to a weekly timetableB.are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetableC.refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military disciplineD.shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan问题3选项A.are very critical of the belief that good work can be

12、a natural product of instinctB.reject the idea that good work is second nature to manC.do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspirationD.despise the idea that work can be done well only when free from external pressure and prompted by internal sti

13、mulus问题4选项A.when they have the energyB.when they are in the moodC.when they find conditions suitableD.when they feel fit问题5选项A.Attitudes to StudyB.Study PlansC.Study and Self-disciplineD.The Difficulties of Studying.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第一段的第一句By far the most common difficulty

14、in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work.到目前为止, 学习中最常见的困难就是未能进行定期的集中学习。选项A符合原文。2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第一句There are many who stay away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite program of work.有许多人不喜欢按照每周的时间表进行自我约束, 不喜欢被一个明确的工作计划所束缚

15、。选项A符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句The tough-minded school of workers . under the influence of inspiration.意志坚强的工人学派通常非常鄙视那种认为好的工作只能在灵感的影响下自发完成的想法。选项D只是换了另一种表达方法, 与原文表达一致, 所以正确。4.同义辨析题。结合第一段的的最后一句as the mood takes them可知fit指的是when they are in the mood, 所以选项B正确。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述的是学习和自律之间的关系, 选项C更能概括

16、全文。4. 单选题It is perhaps, no accident that many of the outstanding figures of the past were amazingly versatile men. Right up until comparatively recent times, it was possible for an intelligent person to acquaint himself with almost every branch of knowledge. Thus, a man of genius like Leonardo da Vi

17、nci engaged in many careers at once as a matter of course. Da Vinci was so busy with his numerous inventions that he barely found the time to complete his paintings. He came very near to fulfilling the Renaissance ideal of the universal man, the man who was proficient at everything. Today, we rarely

18、, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.Knowledge has become divided and sub-divided into countless, narrowly-defined compartments. The specialist is respected; the versatile person, far from being admired, is more often regarded with suspicion. The modem world is a

19、 world of highly-skilled experts who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows. But this has not been achieved without considerable cost. The scientist, who outside his own particular subject is little more than a moron

20、, is a modem phenomenon; as is the man of letters who is barely aware of the tremendous strides that have been made in technology. Similarly, specialization has indirectly affected quite ordinary people in every walk of life. Many activities which were once pursued for their own sakes, are often giv

21、en up in despair; they require techniques, the experts tell us, which take a life-time to master. Why learn to play the piano, when you can listen to the worlds greatest pianists in your own drawing-room?Little by little, we are becoming more and more isolated from each other. It is almost impossibl

22、e to talk to your neighbor about his job, even if he is engaged in roughly the same work as you are. The Royal Society in Britain includes among its members only the most eminent scientists in the country. Yet it is highly disturbing to find that even here, as one of its members put it, at a lecture

23、 only 10% of the members can understand 50% of what is being said!1.The passage implies that（ ）.2.The word moron (Paragraph 2) most probably means （ ） .3.Which of the following is the best possible title for the passage?4.According to the passage, in order to stand out, a scientist should （ ） .5.Whi

24、ch of the following is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.men of remarkable achievements in the past were accidentally versatileB.no great man in the past was qualified as universal except da VinciC.nowadays versatile men are generally highly regardedD.nowadays it is nearly impossible for a ma

25、n to be versatile问题2选项A.a foolish manB.a hard-working manC.an expertD.a miserable man问题3选项A.How to Become a Versatile Man.B.Versatile Men.C.How to Become an Intelligent Man.D.Intelligent Men.问题4选项A.engage in as many careers as possibleB.become a member of the Royal SocietyC.confine himself to a limi

26、ted area of studyD.be aware of the great progress in science and technology问题5选项A.Da Vinci was too busy with his many inventions to finish his paintings.B.In the modem world a man can become versatile without paying the price.C.Nowadays a man of letters scarcely knows about the changes in technology

27、.D.During the Renaissance much emphasis was placed on being universal.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today, we rarely, if ever, hear that a musician has just invented a new type of submarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说: 现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。2.语义题。原文中的分号, 以及as说明, 前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的who is bar

28、ely aware of可知，moron表示的是什么都不知道的人, 所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。4.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“. experts who have had to devote the greater part of their lives to a very limited field of study in order to compete with their fellows.”科学们不得不把大部

29、分的生命投入到一个非常有限的研究领域，以便与他们的同行竞争。选项 C 符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第二段第四句“But this has not been achieved without considerable cost.”这里采用双重否定强调这一目标的实现需要付出相当大的代价。所以选项B与原文不符。5. 单选题To take revenge of the defeat last year, each player was making his （ ） to win the match. Even their fans were cheering for them.问题1选项A.setb

30、ackB.endeavorC.remnantD.distinction【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。setback挫败，退步；endeavor努力，尝试；remnant剩余；distinction区别，差别。句意：为了弥补去年的失败，每个运动员都在努力赢得比赛。甚至他们的球迷也在为他们欢呼。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题A child hears his mother tongue spoken from morning till night in its（ ） form.问题1选项A.correctB.accurateC.genuineD.perfect【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析题。 cor

31、rect正确的,合适的,符合的;accurate精确的, 准确的;genuine纯正的,真正的; perfect完美的, 完善的。句意：小孩子从早到晚一直听着地道的母语。小孩子听到的不一定是正确的语自，也不一定是完美的或者准确的母语, 而是地地道道的母语。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题I am disgusted （ ） the way the couple talks about the actresss private life.问题1选项A.overB.forC.atD.with【答案】D【解析】考查介词搭配。be disgusted with为固定搭配,意为厌恶,讨厌。8. 单选题For

32、 fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of the community, many residents （ ） the construction plan.问题1选项A.approvedB.counteredC.defendedD.opposed【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析。approved批准, 认可;counter反击, 反驳, 强调的是别人先做某个动作或者提出某种观点, 自己再来反击或者驳斥;defended辩护;oppose反对, 反抗, 对抗, 可表不同程度的抵抗, 用法和object接近, 但oppose为及物动

33、词, 不需要介词。句意：由于担心新的购物中心会破坏社区的和平, 许多居民反对这项建设计划。选项D正确。9. 单选题When Mr. Johns went shopping at the thrift store, he was looking for a （ ） .问题1选项A.bargainB.chargeC.gainD.purchase【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根据句中的关键词 the thrift store（旧货店，二手店）判断, 选项A更符合句意。 10. 单选题In the professi

34、ons where women （ ） numerically, it would be reasonable to expect them to hold senior positions.问题1选项A.tolerateB.integrateC.predominateD.accumulate【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。tolerate忍受，容忍；integrate使.完整；predominate支配，主导，在.中占优势；accumulate 累积，积聚。句意：在妇女数量上占优势的职位中，期望她们担任高级职位也是合情合理的。所以选项C符合句意。11. 单选题How many things c

35、an you see in the night sky? A lot! On a clear night you might see the Moon, some planets, and thousands of sparkling stars,You can see even more with a telescope. You might see stars where before you only saw dark space. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some

36、 stars that look white are really red or blue. With bigger and bigger telescopes you can see more and more objects in the sky. And you can see those objects in more and more details.But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we will never see. We wont see them with the biggest tele

37、scope in the world, on the clearest night of the year. Thats because theyre invisible. Theyre the mysterious dead stars called black holes.You might find it hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky burning brightly, giving us heat and ligh

38、t. The Sun certainly doesnt seem to be getting old or weak. But stars do burn out and die after billions of years.As a stars gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs out, the star stops burning and begins to die.As the star cools, the outer layers of the star pull in toward th

39、e center. The star squashes into a smaller and smaller ball. If the star was very small, the star ends up as a cold, dark ball called a black dwarf. If the star was very big, it keeps squashing inward until its packed together tighter than anything in the universe.Imagine if the Earth were crushed u

40、ntil it was the size of a tiny marble. Thats how tightly this dead star, a black hole is packeD.What pulls the star in toward its center with such power? Its the same force that pulls you down when you jumpthe force called gravity. A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythi

41、ngeven light. The light from black hole can never come back to your eyes. Thats why you see nothing but blackness.So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember： theres more in the sky than meets the eyes! Scattered in the silent darkness are black holesthe great mystery of space.1.Accordi

42、ng to the article, what causes a star to die?2.Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?3.What happens AFTER a star dies?4.Why cant you see light when you look at a black hole?5.What is the main idea of the article?问题1选项A.As its gases run out, it cools down.B.It collides with other stars.C.It

43、 can only live for about a million years.D.As it gets hotter and hotter, it explodes.问题2选项A.Black holes are dead stars.B.Black holes have gravity.C.Black holes are invisible.D.There is nothing as mysterious as a black hole.问题3选项A.It becomes invisible.B.It falls to Earth.C.It burns up all of its gase

44、s.D.It becomes brighter and easier to see.问题4选项A.Because most black holes are so far away.B.Because the gravity of a black hole is so strong that it sucks the light inward.C.Because as the stars gases burn, it stops giving off heat and light.D.Because as a star cools, its outer layers pull in toward

45、 its center.问题5选项A.The future of our Sun billions of years from now.B.The difference between our Sun and a dead star.C.The mystery of black holes in the universe.D.The sparkling and dying stars in the sky.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据笫五段的第二句when the gas runs out, the star stops burning

46、 and begins to die.当气体耗尽时, 恒星停止燃烧并开始死亡。选项A符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知, 选项A, B, C均是对黑洞正确的描述;选项D描述太绝对, 所以不正确。3.判断推理题。根据六七段的内容可知, 当恒星死亡后, 重力使其向内挤压, 最后可能形成黑洞。而黑洞是看不见的, 所以选项A正确。4.判断推理题。根据倒数策二段的倒数二三句A black hole is so tightly packed that its gravity sucks in everythingeven light. The light from black hole c

47、an never come back to your eyes.黑洞是如此的紧凑以至于它的重力吸收一切甚至光。黑洞发出的光永远不会回到你的眼睛里。选项B符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容, 本文主要是讲黑洞的形成与影响, 所以选项C正确。12. 单选题Over-cultivation and a long period of erosion has reduced the（ ） of much of the countrys farm land.问题1选项A.sufficiencyB.fertilityC.prosperityD.mobility【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。suffici

48、ency充足;fertility肥力;prosperity兴旺,繁荣;mobility活动性,灵活性。句意：过度耕种和长期的水土流失降低了这个国家大部分农田的肥力。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题The project goal is for students to build complex and interesting sentences and （ ） , whole paragraphs. The teacher explains.问题1选项A.foremostB.ultimatelyC.readilyD.intimately【答案】B【解析】副词辨析题。foremost首要的，最先的

49、；ultimately最终，根本；readily容易地，乐意地；intimately熟悉地，亲密地。句意：“该项目的目标是让学生构建复杂有趣的句子，最终形成完整的段落。”老师解释道。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题If full credits were given to this part it could （ ） a high grade for the student in his physical course.问题1选项A.belong toB.be due toC.be subject toD.contribute to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析题。belong to属于;be

50、due to由于;be subject to受支配, 从属于;contribute to有助于;贡献。根据句意：如果学生在这部分得到满分的话，这将有助于学生在物理课上取得高分。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题For 50 years they were able to produce and sell their goods more cheaply than other countries and this gave them a （ ） advantage in world trade.问题1选项A.considerableB.concreteC.considerateD.conventio

51、nal【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。considerable相当大的;concrete实体的,明确的;considerate 体贴的;体谅的; conventional依照惯例的;传统的;常规的。句意：50年来，他们能够以比其他国家更低的价格生产和销售商品，这使他们在世界贸易中获得了相当大的优势。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Her written English was wonderful, and she had a( n) （ ） vocabulary for a freshman.问题1选项A.credulousB.incredulousC.credibleD.incredible【

52、答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。 credulous轻信的,易受骗的; incredulous怀疑的,不轻信的; credible可信的,可靠的; incredible不可思议的,难以置信的。句意：她的书面英语非常棒, 而且对于一个大一新生来说, 她的词汇量惊人。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题This style of cooking is （ ） to South-Eastern provinces.问题1选项A.bizarreB.oddC.peculiarD.weird【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。四个选项均有不平常的或奇怪的的意思。bizarre指态度, 容貌, 款式等怪异; odd

53、强调有异于正常,表示不标准、不正规、不符合规律等,暗示这种奇异令人困惑不解; peculiar强调具有明显的奇异特征; weird怪异的,超自然的,厄运的运气或命运,尤指不吉祥的。句意：这种烹饪方式是东南部省份所特有的。选项C符合句意。18. 单选题Some people want to make as much money as they can because they believe that money can bring them fame and （ ） .问题1选项A.directoryB.moralityC.prestigeD.monopoly【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。di

54、rectory名录,目录;morality道德; 品行;prestige威望;声誉;monopoly垄断权。句意：有些人想尽可能多的赚钱，因为他们相信钱可以给他们带来名声和威望。选项C 符合句意。19. 单选题73. 5 percent of major U.S. firms report that they record and review their employees communications and activities on the joB.The larger the company, the more likely it is to engage in monitoring

55、 and surveillance activities, according to a survey. Broken down by business category, survey respondents in the financial services sector lead the packs when it comes to monitoring their employees e-mail and Internet connections.Weber says he sees companies go through a life cycle with their Intern

56、et experience. When they first get connected, companies see a surge of activity and an immediate drop-off in productivity. After about two or three weeks, Internet use levels off, Weber notes. Weber observes that among his clients, hes seeing a trend where employers are letting the life cycle run it

57、s course. In other cases, Weber says his clients are capturing the information, but not really doing anything about it. One thing the experts all agree on is that if you use the Internet and provide access to your employees, you should have a policy in place that defines what you deem to be permissi

58、ble use by employees. Weber believes that no company wants to be in the rote of Big Brother, but still must protect one of its most valuable assets. Nor are employers looking to micro-manage their employees. Many companies are viewing use of the Internet as similar to the phone, and operating with t

59、he philosophy that incidental personal use is okay. But some clients dont see a need to restrict access, he explains. For certain the issues that surround monitoring employee Internet use arent going to quiet down anything soon, the experts say. Maybe the simplest solution is to just allow a certain

60、 percentage to go to employee use.1.In monitoring the Internet use of the employees, which of the following take the lead?2.Which of the following may rightly describe the lifecycle of Internet use（ ）3.What can we say about most companies attitude towards employee Internet use?4.We know from this pa

61、ssage that experts think （ ） .5.Which of the following may serve as the best title?问题1选项A.Computer companies.B.Telecommunication companies.C.Financial firms.D.Large companies.问题2选项A.A sudden rise in the first 2-3 weeks followed by a sudden drop-off.B.A gradual increase to the first 2-3 weeks followed by a gradual decrease.C.A gradual increase to the first 2-3 weeks followed by leveling off.D.A sudden rise in the first 2-3 weeks followed by leveling off.问题3选项A.Supportive.B.Disapproving.C.Tol