2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题36（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-清华大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题These samples have to be（ ）in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.问题1选项A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Immerse浸没, 陷入； crisp 变脆,卷曲；armor 为穿盔甲；为提供防御；array 部署，排列。句意:这些样品必须 在某种化学水中。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题The protests were part of their（

2、 ）against the proposed building development in the area.问题1选项A.commissionB.commitmentC.conventionD.campaign【答案】D【解析】语义题。commission 授权，委托；commitment承诺，许诺，保证；convention 习俗，惯例。campaign 运动, 战役。根据句中protests，part of推测, D项campaign符合句意。3. 单选题They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering （

3、 ） to foreign investors.问题1选项A.incentivesB.abundancesC.warriorsD.outnumbers【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。incentives 刺激，鼓励;abundances 大量，充足；warriors 武士，勇士； outnumbers 数量多于，比. 多。句意: 他们希望通过鼓励外国投资者来 该地区的经济增长。 故A项符合句意。4. 单选题The torch was（ ）by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.问题1选项A.implementB.deceive

4、C.exemplifyD.ignited【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify 举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题After 1989, the external （ ） vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.问题1选项A.disruptionB.menaceC.liabilityD.emergence【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。disruption 中断，分裂；menace 威胁，胁迫

5、; liability 责任，义务；emergence 出现，出来，暴露。句意: 1989年之后，外部 消失了，但对美国文明的危险依然存在。 因此B项符合句意和逻辑。6. 单选题According to the “Geneva（ ）no prisoners of war shall be subject to abuse.问题1选项A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines【答案】C【解析】固定用法。Geneva Conventions指的是“日内瓦公约”。7. 单选题The United Nation Law of the Sea Confere

6、nce would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abstract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。8. 单选题The energy

7、（ ）by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.问题1选项A.transferredB.releasedC.conveyedD.delivered【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。Transfer 转让, 转移; release 释放; convey 传达,运输; deliver 递送, 释放。句意: 链式反应 的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。9. 单选题These changes have not been sufficient to（ ）the losses.问题1选项A.stemB.stimulateC.causeD.compensate

8、【答案】D【解析】语义题。空格填人的词应与sufficient词义相近。因此D项compensate （补偿，报酬）符合要求。10. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have （ ）supplies of petroleum.问题1选项A.sufficientB.efficientC.potentialD.proficient【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。sufficient足够的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潜在的，可能的；proficient熟练的，

9、精通的。空格处应该为一个形容词修饰supplies of petroleum（石油供应），根据前面部分“The European Union countries were once worried（欧盟国家曾一度担心）”可知，此处应表示“充足的石油供应”，因此A项符合句意。句意：欧盟国家曾一度担心他们没有充足的石油供应。11. 单选题All the products made in China are sold and distributed in（ ）with the U. S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country

10、 rules.问题1选项A.complianceB.prosperityC.merchandiseD.intersection【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。in compliance with为固定搭配，意为“依从 ，按照”。12. 写作题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 50 minutes to write a composition of no less than 300 words under the title of “Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online.” Yo

11、ur composition should be based on the following outline:1) Present situation about doing research online;2) Advantages for online research;3) Disadvantages for online research.【答案】Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Research Online13. 单选题One of the main reasons is that the universitys（ ）attracts s

12、tudents and faculty staff all over the world.问题1选项A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Fraud 欺诈; respondent （尤指离婚案的）被告；misconduct 不当行为; prestige 声望 。句意: 其中一个主要原因是大学的 吸引了全世界的学生和教职员工。故D项符合句意。14. 单选题Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society, changing many p

13、eoples views on race, history and politics. The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals.Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville, Kentucky, learning to fight at age 12 after a police offic

14、er suggested he learn to defend himself. Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion, going on to win three world heavyweight titles. He became known as much for his swagger （趾高气扬）outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in 1965, changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusi

15、ng to join the U. S. Army on religious grounds. Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinsons disease, even lighting the Olympic torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam followingthe September 11 terrorist attacks.W. E. B. Du B

16、ois Bom William Edward Burghardt Du Bois in 1868, this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent, prolific intellectuals of his time. An academic, activist and historian, Du Bois co-founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), edited “The Crisis” magazine

17、and wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarly articles. In perhaps his most famous work, “The Souls of Black Folk,” published in 1903, he predicted “the problem of 20th century would be the problem of the color-line. Martin Luther King Jr. The Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. is considered o

18、ne of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement. He spearheaded (带头，做先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches, sit-ins, boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affected Americans attitudes toward race relations. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

19、.Malcolm X Black leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early 1960s. He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following, which continued even after his death in 1965. Interest in the leadersurged aga

20、in after Spike Lees 1992 movie “Malcolm X” was released.Jackie Robinson In 1947, Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U. S. major leagues. After retirement from baseball in 1957, he remained active in civil rights an

21、d youth activities. In 1962, he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.1.Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?2.The italicized word “prolific” (Line 2, Para. 3) is synonymous to（ ）.3.According to the passage, which of the following statement

22、is NOT true?4.What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?5.Which of the following can be a title of the passage?问题1选项A.He never served in the army.B.He learned to fight at an early age.C.His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing.D.He loves peace.问题2选项A.smartB.skill

23、edC.productiveD.pioneering问题3选项A.W . E . B . Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people.B.Jackie Robinson was denied by U. S. major baseball leagues throughout his life.C.Martin Luther King Jr. was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements.D.M

24、alcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death.问题4选项A.Each achieved enormous success in his / her field and was highly recognized.B.Each was devoted to his / her cause but didnt win recognition until death.C.All were active and famous in several fields in their

25、lifetime.D.All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities.问题5选项A.Life of Famous African AmericansB.Influence of Famous African AmericansC.Political Pioneers: Icons and IntellectualsD.Cultural Pioneers: Icons and Intellectuals【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。原文第二段尾句指出Ali remai

26、ned popular after his athletic career ended( Ali 在运动生涯结束后仍然很受欢迎)。C选项说从拳击退役后，他的声望下降了,与原文不符。2.语义题。Prolific形容intellectuals, 原文第三段第二句wrote 17 books, four journals and many other scholarlyarticles可知，这里要表达的是 “丰富的才能,足智多谋”，productive最相符。3.细节判断题。根据题干定位到Jackie段落，Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier .first

27、black baseball player(Jackie Robinson打破了肤色障碍, 成为第一个黑人棒球运动员)。B选项与此不符。4.细节归纳题。文中提到的每个名人在其领域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度认可。5.主旨大意题。本文只介绍了一些非裔美国人在政治和文化方面的生平事迹，但是并没有着重于他们带来的影响。15. 单选题A（ ）plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities.问题1选项A.deliberateB.disincentiveC.functionalD.fant

28、astic【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。deliberate 深思熟虑的，预有准备的；disincentive 妨碍活动的；functional 功能的；fantastic 幻想的，奇异的。空格部分应与considered and accepted逻辑上对应。deliberate符合句意和逻辑。16. 单选题Bad traveling conditions had seriously （ ） their progress to their destination in thatregion.问题1选项A.tuggedB.demolishedC.hamperedD.destroyed【答案】

29、C【解析】动词词义辨析。句意: 恶劣的旅行条件严重 （ ） 了他们到达该地区目的地的进程。tug 用力拖，拖拉；demolish 毁坏，破坏；hamper 妨碍，牵制；destroy 毁灭，消灭。C符合句意。17. 单选题Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of（ ）business.问题1选项A.staleB.slackC.ferrousD.abundant【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析。stale 不新鲜的 ，可以指食物，也可以指事情；slack 松弛的，不活跃的；生意不景气的；ferrou

30、s 含铁的；abundant 大量的，充足的。句子中与business搭配的应该是slack, slack business指“生意不景气，萧条”。18. 单选题The difference between avian flu and human flu that should be commanding our rapt attention today is that avian influenza, specifically the H5N1 strain known as bird flu, threatens to become the young peoples plague. An

31、d it is a growing contender to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few years.We are too used to thinking of flu as an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly. But that just isnt the case for H5N1. With a mortality rate of over 50 percent, this bird flu has killed over 1

32、10 people, striking the young and able-bodied the hardest. Its victims cluster predominantly among 5- to-30-year-old, a pattern that has held up in the 34 known to have died from bird flu so far this year.This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young. Th

33、e victims overreact to the alien virus, triggering a massive immune response called a cytokine storm, turning healthy lungs into a sodden mass of dying tissues congested with blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells. As air spaces choke off, the body loses oxygen and other organs fail.Sc

34、ientists have recently shown that H5N1 has ominous parallels with the devastating 1918 flu pandemic, which also jumped directly to humans from birds and disproportionately attacked the young and the strong. With a pattern highly suggestive of a cytokine storm, death sometimes came within just hours,

35、 turning many World War I troop ships into death ships.Now imagine hundreds of thousands of young people laboring on respirators, or lying alone in corridors and makeshift hospital rooms, too sick to be helped when the supply of beds, equipment, and trained staff run out. Seem like hype? Not to the

36、medical experts who discussed these scenarios during last weeks t/. 5*. News Health Summit on emergency preparedness.This picture puts a face on the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, projections that, ifH5N1 mutates into a readily human-transmissible from 209, 000 to 1.9 million America

37、ns could die. Part of our readiness thinking should be to heed the blunt words of HHS Secretary Michael Leavitt at the summit: Any family or community that fails to prepare for the worst, with the expectation that the federal or state government will come to the rescue, will be “tragically wrong.” I

38、n a pandemic, the governments medical resources will be stretched thin, and it wont be able to guarantee first-line help to any hometown, local hospital, or college campus. Even the national stockpile of Tamiflu, the antiviral that is the best we have to prevent or lessen the impact of the illness,

39、has its limits. If a college student is hospitalized with a possible H5N1 infection, the feds will provide drugs. But they will not make it available to fend off the virus in the many others who may have come in close contact with the infected student. In the existing federal guidance on H5N1, the y

40、oung and healthy fall into the lowest-priority group for antiviral drugs and vaccines. Student health centers or other providers had better scrounge up their own stockpiles. Containing possible outbreaks on college campuses may be all but impossible. Social distancing avoiding close contact with oth

41、er people with air kisses instead of smooches, or even by donning masks and gloves will be tough to enforce.The threat poses a uniquely difficult challenge. In the best of all scenarios, the virus will lose its fury and leave in its wake a new culture of individual and community preparedness. But we

42、 need to get ready now, and not for the best scenario but for the worst.1.The difference between avian flu and human flu is that（ ） .2.The reason that bird flu strikes the young and able-bodied the hardest may be（ ） .3.According to the author, which is the best source that college students can rely

43、upon if there are outbreaks of bird flu on college campuses?4.We can learn from the passage that（ ） .问题1选项A.the avian flu should be commanding our rapt attentionB.the avian flu mainly threatens the young peopleC.the avian flu is to cause a devastating worldwide pandemic in the next few yearsD.the av

44、ian flu is an annual annoyance that kills only the frail and elderly问题2选项A.the body loses oxygen and other organs failB.a sodden mass of dying tissuesC.the enthusiastic immune systems of the youngD.the overreaction of blood, toxic fluid, and rampaging inflammatory cells问题3选项A.The national stockpile

45、of Tamiflu.B.The governments medical resources.C.Drugs provided by the feds.D.The stockpile of the students health centers.问题4选项A.it is impossible that bird flu outbreaks on college campusesB.the reason that bird flu may impossibly outbreak on college campuses is that social distancing will be tough

46、 to enforce thereC.both individuals and communities should be prepared for the threatD.we need to get ready now for the worst scenario prepared for the fury of bird flu【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词difference between avian flu and human flu 定位至第一段: difference between .threatens to become

47、the young peoples plague. 故B项正确。2.细节题。根据题干关键词strikes the young定位至第三段: This vulnerability may stem from the robust and fast-responding immune systems of the young, 即原因是免疫系统太好了，过度防御造成的。3.细节题。根据题干关键词outbreaks of bird flu on college定位至第六段第五句, C项是the feds will provide drugs的复现。4.推断题。文章最后一段最后一句与选项D重现。19.

48、单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。20. 单选题I would never have（ ） a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。resorted to 与a court搭配，意为诉诸法庭。