2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题40（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University.问题1选项A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项organization n.组织，团体，机构；B选项administration n.管理，行政机构；C选项 connection n.连接，关系，人脉；D选项cooperation n.合作，协作。句

2、意：我们医院和城市大学医学院有良好的合作关系。因此，D项为正确答案。2. 单选题Only sovereign states are able to make treaties.问题1选项A.constitutionalB.powerfulC.legitimateD.independent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项constitutional adj.宪法的，本质的；B选项powerful adj.强大的，有力的；C选项 legitimate adj.合法的，正当的；D选项independent adj.独立的，单独的，无党派的。根据题意可知，只有主权独立的国家才能制定条约，因

3、此本题选择D项。3. 单选题According to a senior official there has been no about the measures. There is complete consensus among.问题1选项A.contraryB.contradictingC.controversyD.contradictor【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contrary n.相反，反面；B选项contradiction n.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversy n.争论，论战；D选项contradictory n.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“There i

4、s complete consensus among.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to（）the sea waves问题1选项A.simplifyB.simulateC.stimulateD.signify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项simplify v.简化，使简易；B选项simulate v.模仿，假装，冒充；C选项stimulate v.刺激，鼓舞，激发；D选项signify v.表示，意味着。句意：在舞台上，许多舞

5、动着的蓝丝绸模拟出了海浪的景象。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。5. 单选题They have always regarded a man of_and fairness as a reliable friend.问题1选项A.robustnessB.temperamentC.integrityD.compactness【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项robustness“结实，健壮”；B选项temperament“性情，气质”；C选项integrity“诚实，正直”；D选项compactness“紧密，简洁”。根据并列连词and可知空格处与fairness（公正）的意思接近，因此选C。句意

6、：他们一直把正直和公正的人视为可靠的朋友。6. 单选题The lions ferocious behavior was attributed to its lack of edible flesh.问题1选项A.tameB.relaxedC.savageD.fable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中ferocious表示“残忍的；惊人的；凶残的”；A选项为“驯服的；顺从的；平淡的”；B选项为“放松的，宽松的”；C选项为“野蛮的；荒凉的；凶猛的”；D选项为“寓言，童话”，不是形容词。根据句意可知，狮子的残暴行为源于缺少食用肉。因此，正确答案是C项。7. 单选题Before police

7、could stop the drink-crazed driver, he had crashed_another car and sent six persons to the hospital.问题1选项A.outB.againstC.intoD.on【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。crash out表示“（因极度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡觉”；crash against表示“碰撞（常发出巨大的声响或造成破坏）”，against指对立；crash into“撞上，坠毁”，into指进去；have a crush on sb,表示“喜欢某人”，为固定搭配。根据the drink-crazed

8、driver与another car可知C选项符合语义。句意：在警察还没来得及制止酒后驾车的司机，他就撞上了另一辆车，并使六个人送往医院。8. 单选题After a few months of working with his hands, Dr. Brown returned to his college, _ that his time had been well spent.问题1选项A.persuadedB.convincedC.noticedD.promised【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项persuade“劝说，说服，使信服”，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的

9、事；B选项convince“使确信，使相信”，指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服；C选项notice“注意，察觉”；D选项promise“允诺，许诺”。根据After a few months of working with his hands和his time had been well spent可知B选项符合语义。句意：经过几个月的动手操作后，确信自己的时间花得值得的布朗博士回到了大学。9. 单选题The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _the consequences by saying that

10、the damage was not as serious as reported.问题1选项A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，减小”，强调事物逐渐减少的过程，主要是指数量、质量等方面的减少；B选项subtract“减去”；C选项minimize“最小化，将减到最小”；D选项degrade“降低（地位），贬低”。句意：这场火灾造成了巨大损失，但工厂表示损失没有报道的严重，试图将后果降到最低。10. 单选题I wouldnt_to interfere. Instead, I let my s

11、tudents make their own decision问题1选项A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。11. 单选题Robert says he bought these books in a .问题1选项A.disposalB.bargainC.red

12、uctionD.sale【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposal n.处理，支配；B选项bargain n.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reduction n.减少，下降；D选项sale n.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。12. 单选题The_of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.decentD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开

13、始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。13. 单选题Another of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology, the study of human beings and their culture. Anthropological theories also result from investigation into the c

14、haracteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of human behaviors. In their systematic examination, researchers in all branches of anthropology follow the same basic steps. The method called participant observation is most widespread, althoug

15、h other techniques are used as well. At first, the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of their community through observations and conversations. The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form the basis of furt

16、her research. After specific hypotheses have been developed, the researcher gathers information to lest them, often in the form of surveys or recorded interviews. Finally, the anthropologist organizes will the information and evaluates the hypotheses in light of the data. The conclusions often form

17、the basis of articles for scientific journals, books and lectures.1. The paragraph preceding this passage most likely discusses（）.2. According to the passage, investigation into human traits leads to（）.3. In line 9, the italicized word “copious” most closely means（）.4. According to the passage, what

18、 is the first step in the participant observation method?5. In the line 10, the italicized word “these” refers to which of the following?问题1选项A.other social science fieldsB.the origin of anthropologyC.research in another social scienceD.branches of anthropology问题2选项A.refinements in human productsB.b

19、etter awareness of patterns in human conductC.systematic examination of all anthropological fieldsD.constant adjustments to the steps of basic research问题3选项A.ampleB.preliminaryC.outlinedD.specific问题4选项A.Selecting a community to studyB.Developing specific hypothesesC.Organizing and evaluating dataD.O

20、bserving and conserving with community members问题5选项A.hypothesesB.observationsC.notesD.conversations【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“Another of the social sciences relying upon research is anthropology.”可知，另一个依靠研究的社会科学是人类学，说明前文应该已经提到过一种社会科学，因此，A项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。通过原文第一段“Anthropological th

21、eories also result from investigation into the characteristics of people and their products, which contributes to a better understanding of the patterns of human behaviors.”可知，这种研究有助于更好地理解人类行为的模式，which应指代前文中“人类学是对人类特征的研究”这一内容，因此，B项为正确答案。3.词汇题。由原文第二段可知，这种方法的基本步骤包括：首先进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员信息。然后，从这些能成为进一步

22、研究基础的笔记中提出假设。因此，根据逻辑意义可知，调查研究需要基于大量的事实数据。因此，A项“大量的；丰富的”与“note”最为恰当，copious notes表示“详细的笔记”，故正确答案为A。4.细节事实题。根据原文第二段“At first, the anthropologist enters a community to gather information from members of their community through observations and conversations. ”可知，调查研究的第一步是进入社区，通过观察和交流，收集社区成员的信息。因此，D项是正确

23、答案。5.词汇题。分析these所在句The field worker takes copious notes and, later on, begins to pose hypotheses from these that will form the basis of further research.可知，工作人员做了大量的笔记，然后，从这些能成为进一步研究基础的笔记中提出假设。所以，these指代的应是前文中的copious notes，故正确答案是C项。14. 单选题Society was fascinated by science and things scientific in t

24、he nineteenth century. Great breakthroughs in engineering, the use of steam power, and electricity were there for all to see, enjoy, and suffer. Science was fashionable and it is not surprising that, during this great period of industrial development, scientific methods should be applied to the acti

25、vities of man, particularly to those involved in the processes of production. Towards the end of the nineteenth century international competition began to make itself felt. The three industrial giants of the day, Germany, America, and Great Britain, began to find that there was a limit to the purcha

26、sing power of the previously apparently inexhaustible markets. Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.Frederick Winslow Taylor is generally acknowledged as being the father of the scientific management approach, as a result of the publicati

27、on of his book. The Principles of Scientific Management, published in 1911. However, numerous other academics and practitioners had been actively applying such approaches since the beginning of the century. Charles Babbage, an English academic, well-known for his invention of the mechanical computer

28、 (with the aid of a government grant as long as 1820), applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.Taylor was of well-to-do background and received an excellent education but, partly owing to trou

29、bles with his eyesight, decided to become an engineering apprentice. He spent some twenty-five years in the tough, sometimes brutal, environment of the US steel industry and carefully studied methods of work when he eventually attained supervisory status. He made various significant innovations in t

30、he area of steel processing, but his claim to fame is through his application of methods of science to methods of work, and his personal efforts that proved they could succeed in a hostile environment.In 1901, Taylor left the steel industry and spent the rest of his life trying to promote the princi

31、ples of managing scientifically and emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave driving methods common in his day. He died in 1915, leaving a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.1. According to the passage, what was badly needed to improve industrial efficiency

32、?2. Taylor is most famous for（）.3. Charles Babbage, an English academic（）.4. Taylors scientific management method was described as（）.5. When he died in 1915, Taylor（）.问题1选项A.Great breakthroughsB.Unlimited purchasing powerC.Science and competition.D.International competition.问题2选项A.his application of

33、 scientific methods to workB.his book “The Principles of Scientific Management”C.his various innovations in steel processingD.The spreading of his scientific management method问题3选项A.tried to use computers in production processesB.first used computers in the area of cost accountingC.was the father of

34、 modem computersD.tried a scientific management approach问题4选项A.scientific and humanB.efficient but slave-drivingC.academic but practicableD.brutal but highly successful问题5选项A.purchased a steel millB.sold a steel millC.started to protect environmentD.left a huge school of followers.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:

35、D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Science and competition therefore provided the means and the need to improve industrial efficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。” 而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“.but his claim to fame is through his application of m

36、ethods of science to methods of work（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段Charles Babbage.applied himself to the costing of processes, using scientific methods, and indeed might well be recognized as one of the fathers of cost accounting.可知，英国科学家Charles Babbage在

37、程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor.emphasizing the human aspects of the method, over the slave - driving methods common in his day”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasize A over B 表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句He died in 1915, leaving

38、 a huge school of followers to promote his approach worldwide.可知，泰勒于1975 年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。15. 单选题The police admitted_a mistake in arresting an innocent man问题1选项A.to makeB.to have madeC.to having madeD.to making【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。admit to doing sth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个

39、动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。16. 翻译题Translate the following into English.当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。【答案】When we are stressed, depressed, upset, or other

40、wise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small, positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive si

41、tuation. With practice, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, irregardless of the events around you.17. 翻译题Translate the following into English.中国已经发展成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间

42、也 越来越大。在中国的投资活动一定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。【答案】China has developed into a big, extremely attractive and realistic market in the global context. Many farsighted entrepreneurs from countries and regions around the world have begun to keep an eye on China and gotten substantial prof

43、its from their investment activities. I believe that, after Chinas entry into WTO, there will be more opportunities for foreign entrepreneurs to make investments in China and also lager space for their own development. The investment activities in China will certainly serve as a bridge connecting en

44、trepreneurs from all the countries and regions in the world with the Chinese market, and promote the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world.18. 单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【

45、答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。19. 单选题Doctors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

46、A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。20. 单选题The old lady has developed a_cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustainable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病) 长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannot be cured completely in a short time可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。