2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第22期

《2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第22期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第22期（27页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Before you got the idea that economics is relevant only for politics or businesses, we should mention that economics focuses on all the choices people make and the personal and social consequences of these choices.We believe

2、 that when you finish this book, you will join us in the view that the economic way of thinking offers valuable insight into our everyday interactions with one another producing, consuming, voting and striving for the good life.One seemed to know little about the book, but a great many people knew a

3、pparently that Peggy was at work on something and that was enough to bring cordial, even insistent, recommendation to their lips.Making a movie costs much more than cutting an album. So as the world become richer, the relative market share of Hollywood movies will probable fall more than the relativ

4、e market share of American popular music.It is very difficult to agree on the price for shares to be bought because the purchasing party will lack the necessary information as to the financial status and other characteristics of the share- issuing corporation, and because the net value of the shares

5、 will change constantly from the date of the agreement to the date of closing.【答案】在你认为经济学只与政治或企业相关之前，我们应该指出，经济学关注的是人们所做的所有选择，以及这些选择对个人和社会的影响。我们相信，当你读完这本书时，你会跟我们有一样的观点，认为以经济的方式来思考会为人们各种日常交流提供宝贵的洞察力，包括生产、消费、选举和为好生活的奋斗。一个人似乎对这本书知之甚少，但许多人显然知道“佩吉”在做些什么，这足以给他们带来热忱的，甚至是迫切的推荐之言。制作一部电影比剪辑一张专辑要贵得多。因此，随着世界变得更加

6、富裕，好莱坞电影的相关市场股票可能会比美国流行音乐相关市场股份下降得更多。由于购买方缺乏关于股票的财务状况和股票发行公司其他特征的必要信息，所以很难就购买股票的价格达成一致。而且，由于股票的净值从交易之日到交易结束之日是不断变化的。2. 单选题1. A new study uses an unusual source proverbs reveal cultural differences in how Chinese and American citizens view risks and risk-taking.2. When Chinese and American students c

7、ompared proverbs from their countries they agreed:Chinese proverbs generally advocated greater risk-taking than did American proverbs.3. These results help explain earlier research that has found Chinese citizens are indeed more willingto take financial risks than are Americans, said Elke Weber, coa

8、uthor of the study and a professor of psychology at Ohio State University.4. “Proverbs are part of a nations culture and reflect the nations beliefs and values,” said Weber. “Bylooking at proverbs, we were able to show that long-standing cultural differences are one reason that the Chinese are more

9、risk-seeking than Americans when it comes to financial issues,” Weber said.5. Weber conducted the study with Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago and JoannaSokolowska of the Academy of Sciences in Warsaw, Poland. The results were published in a recent issue of the journal Organizational Beh

10、avior and Human Decision Processes.6. Students from the two countries rated American proverbs such as “A bird in the hand is worth twoin the bush,” and Chinese proverbs such as “Failure is the mother of success.”7. The study also found some differences in how students from the two countries viewed p

11、roverbs.For example, Chinese citizens generally viewed proverbs as advocating more risk in financial situations than in social situations. There was no such distinction made by American participants.8. Weber said the collectivist culture of China a culture that emphasizes commitment to family allows

12、 people to take greater financial risks because citizens know their network of friends and family will help them in a crisis. However, because of the importance of their social network, Chinese are less willing to take social risks in which they might alienate friends or family.9. In Americas indivi

13、dualistic culture, people have to be more careful financially because they donthave the “cushion” of a social network to fall back on, Weber said. On the other hand, Americans dont have to worry as much about their social network. “The proverbs of each country reflect these differing cultural values

14、 and concerns,” Weber said.10. In one study, 82 American and 87 Chinese college students were asked to rate 34 proverbs 17from each country that had some advice about dealing with risk. The proverbs were translated into the participants native languages and participants were not told which country t

15、he proverbs were from.11. The participants were then asked if each proverb promoted risk aversion or risk seeking in twodifferent situations, one financial and one social. They rated the proverbs on a five-point scale in which 1 was risk-averse, 3 was neutral and 5 was risk seeking.12. The participa

16、nts from each country rated Chinese proverbs as more risk seeking in general thanthe American proverbs, Weber said. For example, in one group of proverbs, American students gave the American proverbs an average score of 2.83, and the Chinese proverbs an average score of 3.07.13. However, Weber said

17、the evidence was clear that Chinese people believe proverbs advocate morerisk seeking in financial situations than they do in social situations.14. In addition, Chinese proverbs seem to deal more with the problems of social risk-taking than doAmerican proverbs, reflecting the countries differing val

18、ues. For example, American students said 95 percent of American proverbs were applicable to financial decisions, but only 63 percent were applicable to social decisions. But Americans thought 78 percent of Chinese proverbs were applicable to financial decisions and 73 percent were applicable to soci

19、al decisions.15. “The Chinese are much more interested than Americans in protecting their social networks.”Weber said. “These findings are consistent with the notion that China is, and has long been, a collectivist society and America an individualistic one.”16. A second study, which also included G

20、erman proverbs, found that people rated German proverbsin between those from America and China but closer to Chinese in terms of risk seeking and risk aversion. That makes sense, Weber said, because German culture is quite collectivist in a social sense, much like Chinas, even though the country has

21、 an economic system that is more like Americas.17. Weber said this research is important for several reasons. For one, it shows how researchers canuse cultural products such as proverbs, novels, or nursery rhymes to help explain cross-cultural differences in beliefs and behavior. These results also

22、have a practical use in helping people involved in international negotiations to better understand cultural differences. “When you are dealing with someone from another country, it is important to know if there are differences in perceptions or values that can affect negotiations. In this case, if y

23、ou know the other person has different risk perceptions or risk preferences than you, it is possible to develop an agreement that leaves both sides better off.”1.The study used proverbs because （ ）.2.Which of the following is TRUE of the proverbs A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush and Failu

24、re is the mother of success?3.The Chinese advocate more risk-taking in financial situations because（ ）.4.Which of the following is true of a society that emphasizes individual values?5.Which of the following statements can be concluded from the passage?I. A person who enjoys good social relations te

25、nds to risk himself financially.II . A person who enjoys good social relations tends to be concerned about the problem therein.III. A person who doesnt care about social network tends to take more social risks.问题1选项A.China and America have approximately the same number of proverbsB.most proverbs dea

26、l with risk-takingC.the subjects had a large repertoire of proverbsD.proverbs are culture-laden expressions问题2选项A.They are the most quoted proverbs.B.They reveal different attitudes toward risk-taking.C.They involve different images.D.They express the same proposition.问题3选项A.they are a headlong peop

27、leB.they are financially disadvantagedC.they have the cushion of social networkD.they have more financial opportunities问题4选项A.Its citizens tend to care about social network.B.Its citizens are family-oriented.C.Its citizens are risk-taking.D.Its citizens care more about themselves financially.问题5选项A.

28、I onlyB.II onlyC.Both I and IIID.I, II and III【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干中的proverbs可定位到文章第四段中，由Proverbs are part of a nations culture and reflect the nations beliefs and values（谚语是一个民族文化的组成部分反映了该民族的信仰和价值观）可知D选项“谚语是文化的表达方式”符合题意。2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的A new study uses an unusual source prov

29、erbs reveal cultural differences in how Chinese and American citizens view risks and risk-taking（揭示中美两国公民如何看待风险和冒险的文化差异）可知B选项“它们揭示了人们对冒险的不同态度”符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据题干中的financial situations可定位到文章第八段中，由the collectivist culture of China a culture that emphasizes commitment to family allows people to take grea

30、ter financial risks because citizens know their network of friends and family will help them in a crisis（中国的集体主义文化强调对家庭的承诺的文化允许人们承担更大的经济风险，因为民众知道他们的与朋友和家人之间的联系将在危机中帮助他们）可知人们可以在危险关头依靠他们的社交网络，因此C选项“他们拥有社交网络的缓冲”符合题意。4.推理判断题。根据题干中的individual values可定位到文章第九段中，由In Americas individualistic culture, people

31、have to be more careful financially because they dont have the cushion of a social network to fall back on（在美国的个人主义文化中，人们必须在财政上更加谨慎，因为他们没有可以依靠的社交网络关系）可知D选项“它的民众在经济上更关心自己”符合题意。5.推理判断题。通读全文，可知在集体主义文化中，人们因为可以依靠亲友这样的社会关系网，更愿意冒险，但也会因为怕失去亲友，而不会冒太大的风险；在个人主义文化中，因为没有可依靠的社会关系网，人们不会冒太大的金融风险，相比之下，他们会冒更大的社会风险。故题

32、目中的三种说法都正确，因此选D。3. 单选题About 50 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to Engla

33、nd in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stroke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sports for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five

34、 teams took part. From those beginnings things developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stroke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome. Now, every four years, the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal O

35、lympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stroke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stroke Mandeville and not in Los Angles,

36、 along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you cant enjoy sports. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been

37、the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include the disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.1.The first gam

38、es for the disabled were held （ ）after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.2.Besides Stroke Mandeville, surely the game for the disabled was once held in （ ）.3.In Paragraph 2 the word athlete means（ ）.4.Which of the following statement is NOT true?5.From the passage we may conclude that writer is

39、（ ）.问题1选项A.50 yearsB.21 yearsC.9 yearsD.4 years问题2选项A.New YorkB.LondonC.RomeD.Los Angeles问题3选项A.people who support the gameB.People who watch the gameC.people who organized the gameD.people who compete in the game问题4选项A.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B.Sir Lu

40、dwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D.Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British.问题5选项A.one of the organizers of the games for the disabledB.a disabled who once took part in the gamesC.against holding the games for the disabledD.in the favor of holding the g

41、ame for the disabled【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stroke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change. Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany可知第一次

42、举办残疾人运动会是在1948年，Sir Ludwig Guttmann是在1939年从纳粹德国被驱赶到英国，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome.（1960年，第一届残疾人奥运会在罗马举行）可知选C。3.词义题。由文章第二段中的In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1604 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part.（在1984年轮椅奥运会上，来自大约40个国家的1

43、604名轮椅参加了比赛）可知“athlete”是指参加比赛的人，A选项“支持者”，B选项“观看者”，C选项“组织者”，D选项“竞争者”，因此选D。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stroke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about tre

44、ating injuries included sports for the disabled.（1939年从纳粹德国被驱赶到英国的Sir Ludwig Guttmann，被英国政府要求在伦敦附近的Mandeville Hospital设立一个受伤中心。他对治疗受伤的想法包括残疾人运动）可知A、C、D选项正确，B选项“Sir Ludwig Guttmann是一名受伤的士兵”并没有在文中提及，因此选B。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and und

45、erstanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you cant enjoy sports. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.（奥运会在增进国际友谊和理解方面取得了巨大的成功，也证明了残疾并不意味着你不能享受体育运动也许还需要再过几年，才能说服那些

46、幸运到没有残疾的人，他们的残疾运动员不应该被排除在奥运会外）可知作者是支持残疾人运动会的，因此D选项“支持为残疾人举办比赛”符合题意。4. 问答题Every paper and magazine were (A) lying wait (B) with (C) exhaustive stories about the royal split (D) between the prince and princess of Wales.【答案】试题答案：B; in wait【解析】考查谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词were，因此用in wait（伺机）。5. 单选题This country could

47、have as many as 10 million cases of AIDS in 2011 if the （ ）is not taken seriously.问题1选项A.equivalentB.epidemicC.eruptionD.episode【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“相等的东西，等量”；epidemic意为“流行病”；eruption意为“喷发，爆发”；episode意为“插曲”。句意：如果不认真对待该国的疫情，到2011年，该国可能会有多达1000万的艾滋病人。6. 单选题Several unpopular decision （ ）the gov

48、ernors popularity.问题1选项A.decayedB.diminishedC.distortedD.dissolved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。decay意为“（使）腐烂，腐朽”；diminish意为“（使）减少，缩小，下降”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dissolve意为“使溶解”。句意：几项不得人心的决定使州长的声望下降。7. 单选题He was so mean that he couldnt bear to （ ）the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal.问题1选项A.part withB.give in

49、C.pay offD.let out【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。part with意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；give in意为“屈服”；pay off意为“付清”；let out意为“出租，放出，发出”。句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。8. 单选题Dont be hard on Lilly. She is（ ）and she may start to cry.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.sympatheticC.sensitiveD.sensible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的，见过世面的”；sympatheti

50、c意为“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受影响的”；sensible意为“理智的，明智的”。句意：别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能会哭了。9. 单选题I dont think Johnson will succeed in his new job, for he is not （ ）to that type of work.问题1选项A.compatibleB.convenientC.consistentD.competent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。compatible意为“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意为“方便的”；consistent意为“与一致

51、的，相符的”；competent意为“有能力的，能胜任的”。句意：我认为Johnson在他的新工作上不会成功的，因为他不能胜任那种类型的工作。10. 问答题In these days, with the rising cost of life (A), it is (B) dangerous for (C) a married man to risk his place in his profession or in his community (D).【答案】试题答案：A; cost of living【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活，生命”，强调生活的状态；living意为“生活，

52、生计，谋生”，强调生计，cost of living意为“生活成本”。11. 单选题Most people do not know that Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of the Girl Scouts of America, was deaf. She began to lose her hearing when she was 17, and became almost totally deaf in her adulthood.Juliette married William Mackay Low and they went to England

53、 to live. Juliette became interested in the Girl Guides Association there. She observed their meetings and was very impressed because the girls acquired many useful skills. They learned how to cook, knit, tie knots and give first aid. They also learned about the history of the flag. Moreover, they d

54、eveloped important social skills as they learned how to work together. Juliette thought that girls everywhere should have this opportunity, so she decided to organize more troops.Juliette organized several Girl Guides troops in both England and Scotland. Since she could not do all the work herself,

55、she had to ask other women to help her. Sometimes the women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities. However, Juliette was a very determined woman. When the women refused, she would pretend that she didnt understand what they said. As a result, the women helped her in spite

56、of being busy.Juliette always persevered until she motivated others to help her with her goals. One encounter that required her persistence happened while she was in Scotland. She was walking along a road one day when she came to a stream. The only way across the stream was by a foot log, and Juliet

57、te was afraid to cross it alone. She was wondering what to do when she saw a peddler coming down the road. She told the peddler to go across the bridge first, and she would follow with her hand on his shoulder. Although the peddler started to protest, her stubborn insistence again paid off. He reluc

58、tantly led her across the foot bridge. Once they were safely on the other side, the peddler explained to her that he was blind!When Juliette came back to America for a visit, she started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six m

59、onths later, there were six Girl Guide troops in Savannah. At that time, the girls each made their own uniforms.In 1913, the Girl Guides changed its name to the Girl Scouts. Juliette Low came back to Savannah that same year. She decided that there should be Girl Scout troops all over the United Stat

60、es, so she worked toward that goal. The first national Girl Scout convention was held in Washington D.C, on June 10, 1915.Juliette died in Savannah on January 17, 1927. Thanks to her, there are now Girl Scouts all over the world. Juliettes home in Savannah is a national Girl Scout center.Sometimes t

61、he women were reluctant to give their time due to family responsibilities.” This sentence means （ ）.1.The main idea of this passage can best be stated as（ ）.2.“.Juliette started the first Girl Guides troop in the country in her home town, Savannah. By the time she went back to England six months lat

62、er, there were six Girl Guide troops in 3.Savannah.” From this statement we can assume that（ ）.4.Juliette did things in this order:（ ）.5.After reading the passage, we can assume that （ ）.问题1选项A.the women were eager to help her start Girl Guides troopsB.the women wanted to help, but had something due

63、 that they needed to work onC.the women were in charge of other familiesD.the women didnt want to help her because they were too busy with their families问题2选项A.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, used determination and persistence to start Girl Scout troops all over the worldB.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, was very pushy and always got what she wantedC.Juliette Low, a deaf woman, traveled to many different places in her life time but ended up back in SavannahD.without