2022-2023年考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题A passer-by was quick enough to（ ）the falling child and drew him out the path of a lorry.问题1选项A.put awayB.lifted upC.grabbed atD.sought after【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。put away收拾；放好；lifted up升起；举起；鼓舞；grabbed at抓住，抓牢；sought after找寻，探索。句意：一个过路人很快地抓住了那个摔倒的孩子，把他拖出了卡车的轨道。选项C符合句意

2、。2. 单选题While Apple was coming under increasing pressure from lower cost PC clones, the companys initial response was to develop even more ( ) high-end computers.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.luxuriousC.philosophicalD.sensitive【答案】A【解析】sophisticated复杂的，精致的；luxurious奢侈的，丰富的；philosophical哲学的；sensitive敏感的。句意：尽管

3、苹果正面临来自低成本电脑复制品的越来越大压力，但该公司最初的反应是开发更复杂的高端电脑。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to（ ） on math and theoretical physics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate【答案】D【解析】impose on利用，欺骗；center on集中，以为中心；overtook赶上，代替，不与on搭配；concentrate on专注于。句意

4、：霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求，选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health.This was the kind of thinking which led to th

5、e introduction of a health service in many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free. The money for this is partially raised by contributions from employers andemployees.As three decades have shown, s

6、uch automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the HealthService-doctors, nurses and other hos

7、pital staff have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it.However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to r

8、eceive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to. Because they have so many patients,doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay f

9、or private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.1.In the authors view, Britain is a Welfare State in that（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.The best title for the pas

10、sage would be（ ）.4.The author mentions that some wealthy people prefer to pay for private treatment because （ ）.5.The word “abused” (Para. 4) means（ ）.问题1选项A.all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB.poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC.health service

11、 is highly developed in BritainD.Britain doesnt allow its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health问题2选项A.the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by BritainB.the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in BritainC.an active population is the greatest resou

12、rce in BritainD.all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service问题3选项A.A Welfare StateB.Importance of the Health ServiceC.Disadvantages of the Health ServiceD.The Health Service问题4选项A.their doctors can give them more time leave from workB.those doctors have better medical instrument

13、sC.they might save some money for the poorD.their doctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients问题5选项A.destroyedB.used in wrong wayC.ignoredD.wasted【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Welfare State”定位到第二段第二句“In Britain this has developed into a Welfare State in which all

14、 citizens, rich and poor alike can get most health treatment free.”所有公民，无论贫富，都可以免费获得大部分医疗服务。选项A符合原文。2.细节推断题。选项A和选项C在文中没有提及；根据第三段的第一句“As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. ”three decades意为30年；公众支持和反对卫生

15、服务都有，并不都是好的评价；所以选项B符合原文，而选项D错误。3.主旨思想题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲医疗服务的发展，其有利条件和不利条件，所以选项D更能概括全文，其他选项只是文中的片段。4.细节推理题。根据关键词“wealthy people”定位到最后一段的最后一句“In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others.”事实上，一些富人觉得他们应该付钱，这样就可以把多余的钱让给其他人治疗。选项C符合原文。5.词汇推断题。根据第四段的

16、第二句“Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they dont really need to.”有时这种免费治疗被滥用，有些人在不需要的时候也去看医生。由此可知他们是用了错误的方法，选项B符合原文。5. 单选题At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club（ ）open until midnight was defeated.问题1选项A.remainsB.remainC.remainedD.would remain

17、【答案】B【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。6. 单选题It is well known that the popular singer has a/an ( ) car in addition to a large house.问题1选项A.credibleB.incredibleC.believableD.inherent【答案】B【解析】credible可靠的，可信的；incredible难以置信的，惊人的；believable可信的；inherent固有的，遗传的，与生俱来的。句意：众所周知，这位流行歌手除了

18、有一所大房子外，还有一辆好车。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Got milk? Be very afraid. Or, preferably, a bit skeptical. Some folks are about to try to convince you that milk is toxic. But the real question is, whats more dangerous to your health: milk, or celebrities and activists embarked on the latest trendy crusade （改革）？ This m

19、onth marks the publicity- pumped debut of the Anti Dairy Coalition, a band of physicians, self-described “Holly-wood personalities” and others who decry what they call “the health and nutritional risks of consuming dairy products”.The coalition, including its spokes-Jeremiah, writer George Plimpton,

20、 would have you believe that milk causes heart disease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis. Robert Cohen, founder of the ADC （and author of Milk: The Deadly Poison, writes: “The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”）Hyperbole aside, the ADC is s

21、potlighting a question hotly debated by everyone from nutritionists to parents. Many patients ask doctors whether they should give up milk, like that supermodel they saw interviewed on TV. And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.Take heart disease. Foods like butter

22、, cheese, ice cream and whole milk are packed with saturated fat （饱和脂肪）, which blocks arteries （动脉）and can lead to heart attacks. Thats why most nutritionists advise switching to low-fat or skim milk and eating more yogurt and cottage cheese than Haagen-Dazs and Brie. Even skim milk, though, can tri

23、gger allergies in some people, including infants, who in any case will get more iron and other key nutrients from breast milk or formula.So must you flee from milk entirely? Yes, says Cohen, who holds that skim milk is the devils brew. Its full of are you sitting down? Protein. And heres where the A

24、DC starts twisting the facts to reach wild conclusions. Allergies are frequently triggered by proteins （ true; asthma is an allergic condition （true; its been increasing dramatically （true; doctors dont know the cause （true; therefore, the protein in milk must be the culprit （罪魁祸首）？A similar leap of

25、 illogic assumes that because women in the Netherlands. Denmark, Norway and Sweden consume lots of milk and also suffer high rates of breast cancer; the former must cause the latter. Another clunker is Cohens claim that widespread lactose intolerance （乳糖不耐受） the inability to digest dairy products me

26、ans milk is of little use as a source of calcium. In fact, many cases of lactose intolerance are mild and interfere only slightly with calcium uptake. Many people intolerant of milk can easily digest yogurt. And lactase tablets （乳糖分解酵素片）can make dairy products digestible even in severe cases.If milk

27、 isnt the perfect food, its still got some big things going for it. Its an inexpensive source of calcium, protein, potassium and other vitamins and minerals. And unlike other sources of calcium, such as, say, steamed kale, milk is a food kids will eat. The ADC feels that milk is the root of most hum

28、an maladies （疾病）, but I can point to other single-issue obsessive who insist the villain is meat or wheat or sugar or some other substance that our species has long and happily consumed. I often learn something by examining their claims. But I keep coining back to the mainstream nutritionists, who e

29、mphasize a balanced diet and advise moderation in all things.1.The ADC holds that giving up milk will cause the following diseases EXCEPT（）2.The writer thinks that milk（）.3.It is clear from the passage that（）.4.According to the passage, if you suffer from lactose intolerance（）.5.We can conclude from

30、 the passage that the writer is（ ）.问题1选项A.breast cancerB.diabetesC.heart diseaseD.lung disease问题2选项A.is toxic and we should give it upB.is very nutritious and we should consume it as much as possibleC.is the most ideal foodD.has its pluses and minuses and we should consume it sensibly问题3选项A.the writ

31、er is of the same opinion about milk with the ADCB.the writer regards milk as the root of most human diseasesC.the writer advises people to stay out of trouble with milkD.the writers opinion about milk differs greatly from the ADCs问题4选项A.you had better give up milk entirelyB.you should have less mil

32、k every dayC.you can take lactase which catalyzes （催化）lactose into glucose （葡萄糖）and galactose（半乳糖）D.you must see a doctor at once问题5选项A.an unprejudiced personB.an opinionated personC.a worldly personD.a wise but peculiar person【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。根据题第二段的第一句“milk causes heart dis

33、ease, cancer infections, asthma, allergies and tuberculosis.”cancer infections和选项A对应；heart disease和选项C对应；tuberculosis（肺结核）和选项D对应。只有选项B（糖尿病）没有提及。2.细节推断题。根据最后一段的前三句可知，作者认为牛奶有好处也有坏处，所以要适量摄取。选项A，B，C表述都太绝对，所以不正确；选项D符合原文。3.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第四句“The ADC feels that milk is the root of most human maladies.”以及第二段的

34、最后一句“The Fountain of Youth and cure to illness can be obtained by giving up milk.”可知选项B和C都是ADC的观点；根据原文内容可知，作者和ADC的观点是完全不同的，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据关键词“lactose intolerance”定位到第六段第三句“widespread lactose intolerancethe inability to digest dairy productsmeans milk is of little use as a source of calcium.”选项B符合原

35、文。5.细节推断题。根据第三段的最后一句“And to be sure, the ADCs overwrought claims do have some scientific basis.”以及最后一段的内容可知作者是一个公平公正的人，因为他虽然不赞同ADC的观点，但也没有完全否定。所以选项A正确。8. 单选题Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine （ ） that the Americans were no longer open to European colonization.问题1选项A.entrustedB.assertedC.appreci

36、atedD.reckoned【答案】B【解析】entrust委托；assert主张，声称；appreciate欣赏，感激，领会；reckon测算，估计，认为。句意：制定于1823年的门罗主义宣称美国人不再对欧洲殖民开放。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题Experienced baseball fielders can tell how far a ball is going to travel just by listening to the crack of the bat. If they didnt, they wouldnt stand a chance of catching it, c

37、laims a physicist in New York.“When a baseball is hit straight at an outfielder, he cannot quickly judge the angle of the scent and the distance the ball will travel, ” says Robert Adair, a physicist at Yale University. If he relied purely upon visual information, the fielder would have to wait for

38、about one-and-a-half seconds before he could tell accurately if the pitcher hit the ball long or short. By this time the ball may have traveled too far for him to reach it in time.To stand a fighting chance of catching it, according to Adair, fielders must listen to the sound the ball hitting the ba

39、t to judge how far it will travel. There is anecdotal evidence to support this, he says. A former centre fielder told Adair: “If I heard a crack I ran out, if I heard a clunk, I ran in.”To test his hypothesis, Adair calculated how quickly a fielder could change direction if he had misjudged whether

40、the ball was going long or short. The difference between the “crack” and “clunk” can be explained by how well the batter has hit the ball, and could mean a difference in running distance of as much as 30 meters, he told delegates at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of American in Chicago last wee

41、k.Scientists already knew that to hit a ball long the batter must strike it somewhere near the vibrational node of the bat, known as the sweet spot. Balls hit on the sweet spot generate fewer energy-sapping vibrations in the bat, allowing greater energy transfer to the ball. Conversely, mishit balls

42、 make the bat vibrate strongly and so do not travel as far.Adair is quick to point out that this only applies to wooden bats, which are used in major league baseball. Aluminum bats, on the other hand, tend to produce a fairly uniform “ping” sound regardless of where you hit them.1.According to Rober

43、t Adair, why cant an outfielder rely purely on visual information?2.From paragraph 3 we can infer that a “crack” may mean ( ) .3.If the bat vibrates very little, ( ) .4.Adair points out that his theory cant be applied to aluminum bats because ( ) .5.Which of the following statements best summarizes

44、the main idea of this passage?问题1选项A.Because it may take longer time for him to exert judgment.B.Because the ball may change directions during flight.C.Because the ball may be hit either long or short.D.Because light travels faster than sound.问题2选项A.a long ballB.a short ballC.a good ballD.a mishit b

45、all问题3选项A.the fielder is unable to catch the soundB.the ball will travel to a short distanceC.the ball may receive greater energyD.the fielder should quickly run in问题4选项A.the ping” sound is too vague for a fielder to catchB.with the aluminum bats the batter always hits the ball strongerC.they dont p

46、roduce different sounds of “crack” and “clunk”D.the sounds they produce may interfere with the fielders judgment问题5选项A.Hitting the ball to produce different sounds is not an easy matter.B.The sound of the bat may give fielders more chances to catch the ball.C.Aluminum bats are inferior to the wooden

47、 ones.D.The study of Robert Adair shocks the Acoustical Society of America.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.根据第二段的倒数第二句“If he relied purely upon.the ball long or short.”如果完全依靠视觉信息，守场员要等大约1.5秒才能准确地判断投手的击球是长是短。选项A符合原文。2.根据下文可知，“crack”and“clunk”是用来判断击球的好坏，所以首先排除选项A和B。当听到“crack”就跑出去，听到“clunk”就跑进来，由此推断

48、，“crack”指没打好的球，“clunk”指好球。3.根据倒数第二段的倒数第二句“Balls hit on the sweet spot generate fewer energy-sapping vibrations in the bat, allowing greater energy transfer to the ball.”击中球的最佳位置时，球棒产生的耗能振动更少，从而使球获得更大的能量传递。选项C正确。4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Aluminum bats, on the other hand, tend to produce a fairly uniform ping sou

49、nd regardless of where you hit them.”铝棒无论你在哪里击打，都会发出相当均匀的“砰”的一声。也就是说不会像木棒击打的那样发出不同的声音，选项C符合原文。5.本文主要是讲根据球棒击球时发出声音的不同来判断击球的好坏，从而使得外野手有更多的机会去接球。选项B更能概括全文主题。10. 单选题Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give ser

50、ious（1） to how they can best（2） such changes. Growing bodies need movement and（3）, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. （4）they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the（5）that com

51、es from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are（6）by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be（7）to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, （8）, publishing newsletters with many student-written

52、 book reviews, （9）student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide （10）opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful（11）dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the（12）of some kind of org

53、anization with a supportive adult（13）visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have（14）attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized（15）participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to（16）else without feeling g

54、uilty and without letting the other participants（17）. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. （18）they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by（19）for roles that are within thei（20）and their attention spans and by shaving clearly stated rules.问题1选项A.thoughtB.ideaC.opin

55、ionD.advice问题2选项A.strengthenB.accommodateC.stimulateD.enhance问题3选项A.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisure问题4选项A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.Because问题5选项A.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.tolerance问题6选项A.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassed问题7选项A.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wise问题8选项A.in effectB.as a resultC.for

56、 exampleD.in a sense问题9选项A.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchanging问题10选项A.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multiple问题11选项A.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporation问题12选项A.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.security问题13选项A.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarely问题14选项A.similarB.longC.differentD.short问

57、题15选项A.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if问题16选项A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something问题17选项A.offB.downC.outD.alone问题18选项A.On the contraryB.On the averageC.On the wholeD.On the other hand问题19选项A.makingB.standingC.planningD.taking问题20选项A.capabilitiesB.responsibilitiesC.proficiencyD.efficiency【答案】

58、第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:C第9题:A第10题:D第11题:A第12题:D第13题:B第14题:D第15题:C第16题:D第17题:B第18题:A第19题:C第20题:A【解析】（1）give serious thought to为常用搭配，意为认真考虑。（2）根据原文句意，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们（青少年）很好地适应这些变化。选项B符合句意。（3）and连接并列句，前后意思相近。所以选项C更符合原文。句意：成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼。（4）根据句意，青少年正在适应新的身体状况，面临着心智和情感方面的诸多挑战，他们的自我意识很强。显然这

59、之间不是条件或转折关系，而是一个因果关系。because表示原因，引导原因状语从句。（5）根据原文，获得成功之后，我们常常得到的是信心，所以选项C正确。（6）claimed索取，主张；admired羡慕，赞美；ignored忽视；surpassed超过。句意：青少年需要自信，自信来自成功，也来自知道他们的成绩受到别人的赞美。选项B符合句意。（7）根据原文：然而，青少年的生活本身就已经充满了这么多的竞争，那么，安排胜者多败者少的活动将会是明智的，因为这能提高他们的自信心。所以选项D符合原文。（8）根据下文可以推断是对胜者多败者少这个活动进行具体的例证，所以选项C正确。in a sense在某种意

60、义上，不符合原文。（9）考查动宾搭配。展览学生的作品。选项A正确。（10）durable耐用的，持久的；excessive过分的，过度的；surplus过剩的；multiple多种多样的。根据原文，各种各样的小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机会。选项D符合句意。（11）根据前面的club可知，这里应该为团体活动。选项A符合原文。（12）根据原文句意：交朋友对青少年非常重要，许多腼腆的学生都需要某种团体所提供的安全感。选项D符合原文。（13）来自于背后的支持，那么就是几乎看不见的。用barely修饰，表示几乎不。选项B符合句意。（14）根据下文的“participants can remain ac

61、tive as long as they want.”使参与者能保持活跃的心态，由此推断，青少年的注意力很短。选项D符合原文。（15）根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者能尽可能长时间地保持活跃。So that表目的，符合原文。（16）anything用于疑问句和否定句中；something else别的事情。根据原文：应该组织各种各样的活动，以便让参与者保持活跃，然后转而参与其他活动。选项D正确。（17）let off放下，宽恕；let sb. down为固定搭配，意为使沮丧；let out泄露；let alone听任，不打扰。句意：既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。B选项符合原文。（18）On the contrary相反；On the average平均来说，一般地；On the whole总的来说，大体上；On the other hand另一方面。根据上下文：这并不意味着成年人不负责任，（ ），他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感。两句形成对比，选项A正确。（19）根据原文：他们可以通过角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。 make for 向方向走；stand for 代表，表示；plan for 为做