2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解32

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in

2、Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffer

3、ing much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long be

4、en associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled b

5、y unions. The teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “ba

6、ckloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even tho

7、ugh there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have ral

8、lied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is ba

9、d for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much

10、bigger problem for America.1. Paragraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the income in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector sy

11、stem?问题1选项A.Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of unionists in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.La

12、bor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.public-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current p

13、olitical systemB.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the government问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only on

14、e in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15%

15、 of private-sector ones are unionized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这么多年来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确

16、答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，without suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由

17、原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于公共部分工会的投票，可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及，故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：从第四段可以得知，国营部门的收入是。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句，通过Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already genero

18、us.可知，政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议，要保持适度的工资增长，但要增加假期，尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知，国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”，B选项表示“非法获得”，D选项表示“过度增加”，均与原文内容不符，故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到，工会应该。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Repu

19、blican governor”，根据句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度，而C选项“能改变人们的政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：John Donahue对公共工会部门的态度是。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector

20、 system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. ”可知，银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评，但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者，这对美国来说可能是一个更大的问题。由此可见，John Donahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度，因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”，C选项表示“漠不关心”，D选项表示“赞赏”。2. 翻译题In some societies people want children for what might

21、 be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name，to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

22、In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family hap

23、piness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children（or males）is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husb

24、and and wife alone do not seem a proper family -they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in

25、principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile, world. To most people, such a home base, in. the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension.【答案】在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈;使包括家庭在内的宗教仪式正常运作。这样的理由在现代世俗化的社

26、会中可能显得苍白无力，但在其他地方，它们曾经是而且确实是强有力的。此外，有一类家庭原因,即为了维持或改善婚姻而生孩子,与下列原因有共同的边界。比如生孩子是为了稳住丈夫或占有妻子;修复或恢复婚姻活力;增加孩子的数量是基于家庭幸福就在于此的假设。相反的情况更强调了这一点:在一些社会中，不能生育子女（或男性）是对婚姻的一种威胁，也是离婚的一个现成理由。除此之外，儿童对家庭本身也具有深远的意义。对许多人来说，夫妻二人并不是一个合适的家庭他们需要孩子来丰富这个小圈子，来确认这个小圈子的家庭性质，来获得后代的救赎性影响。儿童需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要儿童，家庭作为一个独特的可用的社会机构，至少在原则上，可

27、以在一个变化中，往往是敌对的世界中获得安全、舒适、保证和方向。对大多数人来说，这样的一个大本营，从字面意义上讲，需要不止一个人来维持和延续。3. 单选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed（ ）and means of packing.问题1选项A.samplesB.specimensC.inspectionsD.specifications【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。sample样品

28、；specimen样本；inspection视察，检查；specification规格，说明书。向客户寄送的产品目录中应包含对于产品的详细说明书。故D项正确。句意：为了让您对我们的产品有一个大致的了解，随信附上产品目录，其中包括我们所经营的各种产品的详细说明书，以及包装方法。4. 单选题The CIA chief noted last month, “There are a lot of things that Iran does that tends to（ ）terrorism, and they still are the leading state sponsor of terrori

29、sm in the world.”问题1选项A.fastenB.flatterC.fascinateD.facilitate【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项fasten表示“使固定，集中于”；B选项flatter表示“奉承，谄媚”；C选项fascinate表示“使着迷，使神魂颠倒”；D选项facilitate表示“促进，帮助，使容易”。由后文提到的“they still are the leading state sponsor of terrorism in the world”可知，Iran仍然是世界上支持恐怖主义的主要国家，所以他们做了很多事帮助恐怖主义，为他们提供便利。因此，

30、facilitate含义更符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。5. 单选题They have launched a campaign to get online ticketing companies to（ ）added costs to customers when buying tickets.问题1选项A.clarifyB.identifyC.justifyD.magnify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清，阐明”；B选项identify表示“确定，鉴定，识别”；C选项justify表示“证明合法，替辩护”；D选项magnify表示“方大，赞美，夸大”。

31、由句意可知，购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。6. 单选题None of the deals is focused on operating-system software, so none poses a direct threat to the（ ）of Windows.问题1选项A.privilegeB.possessionC.controlD.dominance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege特权； possession拥有，财产；control控制，管理； dominance统治，支配。由前半句“这些协议都不是针对操作系统软件的”可知结果

32、就是不会对windows这种主流的操作系统带来影响。Windows是一种占统治地位的操作系统。故D项正确。句意：这些交易都不是针对操作系统软件的，因此都不会对Windows的统治地位构成直接威胁。7. 单选题The European union, in particular, Germany, are searching opportunities to help Ukraine（ ）its economy.问题1选项A.sprayB.sponsorC.stiffenD.stabilize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spray表示“喷射”；B选项sponsor表示“赞助，发起”；

33、C选项stiffen表示“变硬，变猛烈”；D选项stabilize表示“稳固，安定”。由句意可知，欧盟，尤其是德国，正在寻找机会帮助乌克兰稳定经济。因此，stabilize的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。8. 单选题Up until a few decades ago, our visions of-the future were largely - though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading t

34、o lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forwar

35、d to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousan

36、ds of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature（IUCN）, and you will read: Listed as Least Concern, as the species is .very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting i

37、n an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of ye

38、ars hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to e

39、xplore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now

40、 identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic View of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.

41、To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.1. We used to have a positive vision of the future because of（ ）.2. According to the IUCNs “Red List”, huma

42、n being（ ）.3. Paragraph 5 suggest that（ ）.4. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to（ ）.5. The best title for the text would be（ ）.问题1选项A.our faith in science and technologyB.our desire for lives of fulfillmentC.our awareness of potential risksD.our belief in equal opportunity问题2选项A.are th

43、e worlds dominant powerB.will threaten the environmentC.face no major threatsD.are a misplaced race问题3选项A.Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studiesB.technology offers solutions to social problemC.the interest in science fiction is on the riseD.our immediate future is hard to conceive问题4选项A.

44、explore our planets abundant resourcesB.draw on our experience from the pastC.adopt an optimistic view of the worldD.curb our ambition to reshape history问题5选项A.The Ever-bright Prospects of MankindB.Evolution of the Human SpeciesC.Uncertainty about Our FutureD.Science, Technology and Humanity【答案】第1题:

45、A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段可知，直到几十年前，我们对未来的看法大多是积极的。科学和技术将治愈人类的所有疾病，为所有人带来满足和充满机会的生活。由此可以判断，我们通常对未来拥有积极的态度是因为我们相信科技的力量。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第三段，由第三段最后一句“.there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”可知，人类目前并没有什么主要的威胁可以导致整体人口下降。故本题正确答案为C选项。3.推理判断题。由第五段

46、第一句“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.”可知考虑时间跨度比较长的未来要比考虑近期的未来更容易。由此可判断D选项正确。其他选项均不能由第五段内容得出，因此本题正确答案为D选项。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第六段第二句。由“the past holds the key to the future”可知，我们的过去掌握着通往未来的钥匙。因此，要确保人类的未来，非常关键的一点就是要从过去总结经验，因此本

47、题正确答案为B选项。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是因为科技的进步，人类的未来充满光明，我们现在拥有足够的知识来减少许多威胁人类生存的风险，并且能够改善未来人类的命运。因此，A选项“人类永远光明的未来”最适合作为文章的题目。故本题正确答案为A选项。9. 单选题The football club released player Jay John Ezikpe because he did not（ ）them, but added that at the moment they did not intend to sign on any other players.问题1选项A.impactB.

48、impressC.illuminateD.illustrate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。impact对影响，撞击；impress给深刻印象；illuminate照亮；illustrate阐明，举例说明。由前面的结果“足球俱乐部让Jay退出”可猜测原因是Jay没有给人留下深刻印象。句意：足球俱乐部让Jay退出,因为他没有给他们留下深刻印象，但他补充说目前他们不打算签下任何其他球员。故B项符合题意。10. 单选题（ ）that this region was so rich in natural resources.问题1选项A.Little he knewB.Little did he k

49、nowC.Little he did knowD.Little he had known【答案】B【解析】考查倒装结构。 little这个否定副词前置，引起主谓的部分倒装。故B项正确。句意：他一点都不知道这个地区的自然资源如此丰富。11. 单选题Parents have a legal（ ）to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.问题1选项A.impulseB.obligationC.influenceD.sympathy【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。i

50、mpulse冲动；obligation义务，职责；influence影响；sympathy同情，慰问。句意：父母有法律_确保其子女接受符合他们年龄的有效的教育。根据句意可知，父母有确保孩子受教育权的义务。故B项符合题意。12. 单选题Online services that provide（ ）lovers saw a rise in popularity before the Valentines Day, which is celebrated every year on Feb 14.问题1选项A.humbleB.nobleC.radicalD.virtual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词

51、词义辨析。A选项humble表示“谦逊的，简陋的”，B选项noble表示“高贵的，宏伟的”，C选项radical表示“激进的，根本的，彻底的”，D选项virtual表示“事实上的，（计算机仿真）虚拟的”。由句意可知，情人节前，网上提供（ ）情侣的服务日渐增多。由此可知，只有D选项最符合原文句意，virtual lover表示“虚拟情侣”。故本题正确答案为D选项。13. 单选题They have launched a campaign to get online ticketing companies to（ ）added costs to customers when buying ticke

52、ts.问题1选项A.clarifyB.justifyC.identifyD.magnify【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；B选项justify“证明是正当的，替辩护”；C选项identify“确定，鉴定，识别，辨认出”；D选项maglify“放大，赞美，夸大”。句意：他们发起了一项运动，让在线票务公司消费者购票时增加的成本。14. 单选题Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year（ ）than automobile accidents.问题1选项A.sev

53、en more timesB.over seven timesC.seven times moreD.seven times【答案】C【解析】考查倍数的表达。由句意可知，吸烟对个人健康的危害如此之大，每年导致的死亡人数是汽车事故的7倍。而倍数的常用表达形式为：A+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B，由此可知，本题正确答案为C选项。15. 单选题The recent（ ）surrounding a new law concerned with gays in Arizona reveals how deeply divided the state can be.问题1选项A.construc

54、tionB.concentrationC.constraintD.controversy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。construction建造；concentration专注；constraint约束，局促；controversy争论，论战。由deeply divided深深地分裂可推知空格处应填D项“争议”。句意：最近在亚利桑那州围绕着一项关于同性恋的新法律的争议，揭示了这个州是多么的分裂。16. 单选题Police and landlords in Wincanton and Caste Cary have united to send a very clear message th

55、at drugs will not be（ ）in the towns, after traces of Class A substances were discovered on pub premises.问题1选项A.transportedB.tightenedC.toleratedD.threatened【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。transported运输的；tightened 变紧的；tolerated 可接纳的 ； threatened受到威胁的。句意：在酒吧场所发现a类物质的踪迹后，Wincanton和Caste Cary的警察和酒吧老板联合发出了一个非常明确的信息，即镇上

56、将不再容许毒品。C项符合句意。17. 单选题My pain（ ）apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?”问题1选项A.must beB.must have beenC.had beenD.had to be【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。由原文句意可知，当我进房间的时候，我的痛苦一定很明显，因为第一个看到我的人就同情地问我“你没事吧”。分析句子结构可知，for连接并列句，补充说明前文推测的

57、原因。再通过walked可知，空缺处是对过去的事实进行肯定的推测，因此应选用must have been。故本题正确答案为B选项。18. 单选题All national heroes should be recognized, yet the（ ）man, so often overlooked or forgotten in the volumes of history, at least deserves a footnote in the making of America and its struggle to survive.问题1选项A.actualB.commonC.specia

58、lD.normal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。actual实际的；common常见的，普通的；special特殊的；normal正常的。句意：民族英雄应该被承认，然而_人在历史的长河中经常忽视或忘记他们，所以民族英雄在美国形成和挣扎求生的过程中值得有一个脚注。从我们常识判断应该是说普通人容易忘记这些民族英雄。所以B项符合题意。19. 单选题Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960s and 70s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emiss

59、ions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the Unite

60、d States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A stu

61、dy by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic snow were declining.In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus en

62、abled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, N