2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第33期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 写作题We are paying more attention to the vulnerable (weak) groups of people in our society, such as the disabled, the sick elderly, the divorced mothers, and children with rural-worker parents in big cities, and etC.What is your attitude towards them? Please give yo

2、ur opinion. You may focus on a particular group or the vulnerable as a whole group. Write a passage about 200 words. You must show your clear point of view with sufficient supporting points. You should have your own title.【答案】略2. 单选题Are we going to see an end to the Arab-Israeli disagreement?问题1选项A.

3、disasterB.controversyC.confrontationD.aggression【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 disaster“灾难；灾祸；不幸”；B选项controversy “辩论”；C选项confrontation“对抗；对峙”；D选项 aggression“侵略；侵犯；侵害”。句意：我们会看到阿拉伯和以色列的分歧结束吗。A选项 disaster（灾难）不能形容两个国家的分歧。B选项controversy（辩论），可以排除。D选项aggression（侵犯），这里并没有体现两个国家的侵略。C选项confrontation（对峙）最符合题意，由此得知C选项正确

4、。3. 单选题He quickly movedaside behind the trees to avoid being hurt by the stones thrown in his direction.问题1选项A.duckedB.evadedC.escapedD.dodged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项ducked“躲避”，强调快速闪躲，后面一般接宾语；B选项evaded“逃避；规避；逃脱”；C选项escaped“逃离，逃脱；避开；泄出”；D选项 dodged“搪塞”，表示躲避时，目的是免受伤害，可作及物动词，也可以加副词或介词。句意：他迅速躲到树后，以免被朝他这个方向扔

5、来的石头弄伤。结合此处关键词 behind（到后面），得知D选项正确。4. 单选题Because of the stroke, the speaking center of the brain was deaD.When she says “speaking”, she means communication in any form: writing, drawing, body language, gestures any means of expressing herself besides _ sounds.问题1选项A.vibratingB.intoningC.recordingD.v

6、ocal【答案】D【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。A选项 vibrating“振动，（使）震动；颤抖；共鸣”；B选项 intoning “缓慢庄重地说；吟咏”；C选项 recording“录音；记录；录像”；D选项 vocal “歌唱的；声音的，有声的”。句意：由于中风，大脑的说话中枢已经死亡。当她说“说话”,意味着任何形式的沟通：写作，画画，肢体语言，手势，任何方式表达自己除了的声音。联系前文，她有多种形式表达沟通，但是除了的声音，可以推测，她由于中风不能发出声音，因此D选项vocal（有声的）符合句意，可知D选项正确。5. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for

7、the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。6. 单选题But

8、aging does not have to take a toll once it did on her face and body. There are now many solutions available to aid women in their quest for their long lasting health and beauty.问题1选项A.take overB.compose ofC.slow downD.have a negative effect【答案】D【解析】考查词组。A选项 take over “接管；接收”；B选项 compose of “由组成”；C选项

9、 slow down “减速，放慢速度；使慢下来”；D选项 have a negative effect “产生负面影响”。句意：不过，一旦衰老对她的脸和身体造成了影响，就不必为此付出代价。现在有很多方法可以帮助女性追求持久的健康和美丽。结合此处关键词 take a toll “产生负面影响；造成损失；产生严重的不良影响”，得知D选项正确。7. 单选题There are actually many convincing reasons to use natural products, even the regular health products are filled with chemic

10、als. All of those excessive chemicals do a lot harm to your body.问题1选项A.persuasiveB.confidentC.obedientD.concrete【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 persuasive “有说服力的；劝诱的，劝说的”；B选项confident “自信的；确信的”；C选项 obedient “顺从的，服从的；孝顺的”；D选项 concrete“混凝土的；实在的，具体的；有形的”。句意：事实上，使用天然产品有很多令人信服的理由，即使是普通的保健品也充满了化学物质。所有这些过量的化学物质都对你

11、的身体有害。结合此处关键词 convincing “令人信服的；有说服力的”，得知A选项正确。8. 单选题Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scienti

12、sts now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a lear

13、ning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in t

14、he left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.The study

15、was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve

16、cells there did not connect as they shoulD.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other studies did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains electrical activity and made a man of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy experimented with his technique

17、s at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.1. Scientist found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _.2.

18、 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?3. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _.4. Doctor Duffy believed that _.5. According to the passage we can conclude that further research should be made _.问题1选项A.structure and functionB.color and functionC.size and arrangement

19、D.color and arrangement问题2选项A.Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brainB.Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brainC.Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cellsD.Learning disabilities may result from problems in t

20、he left side of the brain问题3选项A.many factors account for learning disorderB.a learning-disabled person shows no outward signsC.reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD.the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal childr

21、en问题4选项A.he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB.the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC.the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD.the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brai

22、n问题5选项A.to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB.to study how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC.to help learning-disabled children to develop their intelligenceD.to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learning【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3

23、题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干，通读全文，以及定位到文章第四段“One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way

24、they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.”，中文翻译为：其中一个是大脑左侧控制语言的细胞。这些细胞通常是白色的。然而，在学习障碍者中，这些细胞是灰色的。研究人员还发现，许多神经细胞并没有按照应有的方式排列。神经细胞混合在一起。根据关键词“white” “gray”可排除A、C选项，以及“cells were not in a line”（细胞不在一条线上）可排除B选项，因此可判断D选项“颜色和排列”正确。2.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“学习障碍可能来自大脑的未知区域。”在文中并没有提及，因此可知A选项正确。B选项“

25、学习障碍可能是由于大脑大面积受损造成的。”在文中第五段“He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.”中文翻译：他认为大脑的这一侧不能正常发育。他说，很可能那里的神经细胞并没有正常连接。所以大脑就像一个电线交叉的电子装置。可推测，

26、大脑受损导致学习障碍。因此B选项正确，可排除。C选项“学习障碍可能是由脑细胞的异常组织引起的。”在文中第二段“There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.”中文翻译：毫无疑问，所有的学习障碍都是由大脑组织方式的差异造成的。因此C选项符合原文意思，可排除。D选项Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the

27、brain. “学习障碍可能是由左脑问题引起的。”可定位到文中第五段“Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. ” 中文翻译：Geschwind博士提出学习障碍主要是由左脑问题引起的。因此，D选项也是直接来自原文，可排除。3.推理判断题。A选项“many factors account for learning disorder”（许多因素导致了学习障碍），可定位到文中第二段第二句“Scientists now

28、 know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things”，中文翻译：科学家们现在知道有许多不同种类的学习障碍，它们是由许多不同的事情引起的。因此A选项正确。B选项“a learning-disabled person shows no outward signs”（有学习障碍的人没有外在的迹象），可定位到原文第三段“You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a le

29、arning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder.”中文翻译：你不能看着一个孩子就知道他或她是否有学习障碍。没有这种紊乱的外在迹象。因此B选项正确。C选项“reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the population.” （阅读障碍是影响10%人口的一个常见问题），可定位到文中第一段第二句“They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children.” 中文翻译：大约有10%的儿童患有这

30、种疾病。与C选项不符，因此C选项错误。D选项“the brain activity of learning-disabled children is different from that of normal children.”（学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同），可定位到文中第四段，可知学习障碍者控制语言的左脑细胞是灰色的，而这些细胞通常是白色的。可推测学习障碍儿童的大脑活动与正常儿童不同。因此选项D正确。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Doctor Duffy”可定位到文中最后一段Frank Duffy experimented with his techn

31、iques at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 中文翻译：达菲在波士顿儿童医院医疗中心试验了他的技术。达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。A选项“他找到了学习障碍的确切原因”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“学习障碍的问题不

32、仅限于左脑”，达菲博士的研究证明“阅读障碍还会损害大脑的大部分区域”，因此，选项B正确。C选项“学习障碍的问题是由左脑造成的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“学习障碍的问题并不在于大脑的左侧”不符合题意，可排除。综上所述，B选项为正确答案。5.推理判断题。A选项“研究可能对大脑发育和组织的影响”，B选项“研究儿童如何学习读写和使用数字”，C选项“帮助学习障碍儿童发展智力”，D选项“探讨左脑在语言学习中的作用”。根据题干，可以定位到文中最后一段最后一句“达菲博士说，他的研究证明，阅读障碍不仅会损害大脑的左侧，还会损害大脑的大部分区域。”，由此可推测接下来的研究会探讨“大脑发育和组织的影响”，因此A

33、选项正确。9. 单选题He tops among the best car racing of the past fifty years.问题1选项A.projectsB.showsC.displaysD.rates【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项projects“计划；设计”；B选项 shows“展示，表演”；C选项 displays“显示”；D选项 rates“比率；等级”。句意：他在过去五十年最好的赛车比赛中名列前茅。结合此处关键短语the best car racing（最好的赛车比赛），B，C选项意思相近可以排除，A选项projects（设计）也可排除，D选项 rates（

34、等级）最符合词义。10. 单选题Comic art can be, and often is, deadly serious, at which point it is _difficult to categorize it.问题1选项A.awfullyB.indicativelyC.cruciallyD.ultimately【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 awfully “可怕地；十分；非常；很”；B选项 indicatively “指示地，表示地；象征地；陈述地”；C选项 crucially “关键地；至关重要地”；D选项 ultimately “最后；根本；基本上”。句意：喜

35、剧艺术可以是，而且往往是极度的严肃，在这一点上很难对它进行分类。结合此处语境，A为正确答案。11. 单选题The managers job is not to make decisions but to carry out the decisions the director makes.问题1选项A.fulfillB.accomplishC.implementD.affect【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 fulfill“实现；满足；使结束”；B选项 accomplish “完成；实现；达到”；C选项 implement “实施，执行；实现，使生效”；D选项 affect“影响”

36、。句意：经理的工作不是做决定，而是执行主管做的决定。结合此处关键词 make decision（做决定），得知C选项正确。12. 单选题I am sure that disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas.问题1选项A.eliminateB.transmitC.replaceD.isolate【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 eliminate “消除；排除”；B选项 transmit “传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；C选项 replace “取代，代替；替换，更换；归还，偿还；把放回原处”；D选项 i

37、solate “（使）隔离，孤立；将剔出；（某物质、细胞等）分离；区别看待（观点、问题等）”。句意：我相信疾病一定会在这样不卫生、拥挤的地方传播。结合此处关键词 propagate “传播；传送；繁殖；宣传”，得知B选项正确。13. 翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the

38、 best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an angle

39、of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我们的灵

40、魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。14. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选项 confli

41、ct “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。15. 单选题In practice the theory often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.问题1选项A.declineB.fluctuateC.frustrateD.prosper【答案】D

42、【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 decline “下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项 frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。16. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明

43、：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the gr

44、ading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good an

45、d average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of

46、 ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.17. 单选题Slaughter and destruction are terrible realities of war.问题1选项A.slabB.massive killingC.slightD.dimension【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 slab “厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项 massive killing “大规模的杀戮”；C选项 slight “怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项 dimension “方面；数 维；尺寸；

47、次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词 slaughter “屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。18. 单选题Although the study of animal communication has played a vital role in our understanding of human communication ever since the dawn of time, recent research in this area has revealed a number of striking similarities between

48、animal and human communication. Researchers have discovered that animals 1 with humans a number of characteristics, including 2 associated with attraction and mating, territoriality, familiar ties, division of labor, and a number of other traits that we once 3 were uniquely “4”.For example, the 5 be

49、tween squirrel monkey mothers and infants is not unlike that of human. When infants are separate from their mothers, they emit loud, easily 6, and individually recognizable sounds. 7, the mother can find her child and 8 its needs. 9, mother squirrel monkeys have their own form of “motherese ”, or ad

50、ult speech that is 10 in order to communicate with their infants.问题1选项A.resembleB.shareC.contrastD.differ问题2选项A.whatB.thatC.thoseD.ones问题3选项A.assumedB.guessedC.justifiedD.reasoned问题4选项A.animalsB.humaneC.humanityD.human问题5选项A.bondB.tiesC.affectionD.joint问题6选项A.simulatedB.locatedC.situatedD.detected问题

51、7选项A.In this wayB.ThusC.Because of thisD.Therefore问题8选项A.supplyB.helpC.getD.serve问题9选项A.ConverselyB.LikelyC.LikewiseD.Comparatively问题10选项A.alteredB.modifiedC.revisedD.adapted【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:C第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 resemble“ 类似”；B选项 share“共用”；C选项contrast“对比；对照；显出明显的差

52、异”；D选项differ“不同”。句意：人类交流研究人员发现，动物和人类有许多共同的特征。这里是说动物和人类有许多共同的特征，由此可知B选项正确。2.考查非限定性定语从句。A选项 “what”以及B选项 “that”不能引导非限定制性定语从句，故排除A，B选项。选项D “ones” 只能作为代词，不能引导非限定性定语从句，故排除。因此选项C为正确答案。3.考查上下文语义辨析。A选项assumed“假设；（承担）责任”；B选项 guessed “猜想”；C选项justified“调整；证明正当”；D选项reasoned“说服”。上文说到研究者对动物交流的研究就在我们理解人类交流方面起着至关重要的

53、作用，可推测此处应填研究者的推论，B选项guess指的是毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断，可排除，由此可知A选项正确。4.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 animals “动物，动物世界；牲畜”；B选项 humane “仁慈的，人道的；高尚的”；C选项 humanity“人道；仁慈；人文学科”；D选项 human“人类”。中文翻译为：我们猜想我们是独一无二的人类，判断出此处D选项正确。5.考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bond“纽带”；B选项ties “结”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项 joint“关节；接缝”。句意：松鼠猴的母亲和婴儿之间的纽带就像人类一样。判断出A项正确。

54、6.考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 simulated“ 模拟的；模仿的；仿造的”；B选项 located“ 处于，位于；坐落的”；C选项 situated“位于的；处于境遇的”；D选项 detected“检测到的”。根据下文，the mother can find her child（妈妈能找到她的孩子）。可知B选项正确。7.考查连词。A选项 In this way“这样；用这种方法”；B选项 Thus “因此；从而；这样；如此”；C选项 Because of this“因为这个”；D选项 Therefore“因此”。由上文“当婴儿与母亲分开时，他们会发出响亮的、容易定位的、单独可识别的声音”的

55、这种方式，可推测A选项正确。8.考查动词词义。A选项 supply“供给，提供；补充”；B选项help“帮助”；C选项get “使得；获得；受到；变成”；D选项serve“ 招待，供应”。根据find“找到”以及后文its needs “它的需要”， D选项“serve”所提供的服务是虚拟的，A选项“supply”所提供的服务是现实的，可知A选项正确。9.考查副词词义辨析。A选项 Conversely“相反地”；B选项Likely“很可能；或许”；C选项Likewise“同样地；也”；D选项Comparatively“比较地；相当地”。联系下文mother squirrel monkeys h

56、ave their own form of “motherese”.（松鼠猴妈妈有自己的妈妈语），可知C项正确。10.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 altered“改变，改动，修改”；B选项 modified“修改；更改”；C选项 revised“修改；校订；复习”；D选项adapted“ 使适应，改编”。根据上文mother squirrel monkeys have their own form of “motherese ”（松鼠猴妈妈也有自己的妈妈语），下文in order to communicate with their infants.（以便与婴儿交流），B选项modified强调细

57、小的变化，常含“缓和”的意味，可排除，D选项adapted（适应，改编）符合题意，D选项正确。19. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the

58、opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global

59、rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, th

60、ough, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of contr

61、ol of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle

62、the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster i