2022-2023年考博英语-辽宁大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第28期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-辽宁大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Terry Wolfisch Cole may seem like an ordinary 40-year-old mom, but her neighbors know the truth: Shes one of the “Pod People.” At the supermarket she wanders the aisles in a self-contained bubble, thanks to her iPod digital music player. Through those little whit

2、e ear buds, Wolfisch Cole listens to a playlist mixed by her favorite disc presenterherself.At home, when the kids are tucked away, Wolfisch Cole often escapes to another solo media podbut in this one, shes transmitting instead of just receiving. On her computer web log, or “blog”, she types an onli

3、ne journal chronicling daily news of her life, then shares it all with the Web.Wolfisch Colewho also gets her daily news customized off the Internet and whose digital video recorder (DVR) scans through the television wasteland to find and record shows that suit her tastesis part of a new breed of pe

4、ople who are filtering, shaping and even creating media for themselves. They are increasingly turning their backs on the established system of mass media that has provided news and entertainment for the past half-century. Theyve joined the exploding “iMedia” revolution, putting the power of media in

5、 the hands of ordinary people.The tools of the movement consist of a bubbling stew of new technologies that include iPods, blogs, podcasts, DVRs, customized online newspapers, and satellite radio.Devotees of iMedia run the gamut (范围)from the 89-year-old New York grandmother, known as Bubby, who has

6、taken up blogging to share her worldly advice, to 11-year-old Dylan Verdi of Texas, who has started broadcasting her own homemade TV show or “vlog”, for video web log. In between are countless iMedia enthusiasts like Rogier van Bakel, 44, of Maine, who blogs at night, reads a Webcustomized news page

7、 in the morning, travels with his fully loaded iPod and comes home to watch whatever the DVR has chosen for him.“If the old media model was broadcasting, this new phenomenon might be called ego-casting,” says Christine Rosen, a fellow with the Ethics and Public Policy Center. “The term fits,” she sa

8、ys, “because the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is to get exactly what you want, when and where you want it.”Rosen and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtle shift of media control away from broadcasters and into

9、the hands of the average couch potato. It enabled viewers to vote with their thumbs-making it easier to abandon dull programs and avoid commercials. With the proliferation (激增)of cable TV channels in the late 1980s followed by the mid-1990s arrival of the Internet, controlling media input wasnt just

10、 a luxury. “Control has become a necessity,” says Bill Rose, “Without it, theres no way to sort through all the options that are becoming available.”36. Who is Terry Wolfisch Cole probably according to the passage?（ ）37. Which of the following is the characteristic of the new breed of people accordi

11、ng to the passage?（ ）38. What can be learned about the devotees of iMedia from the passage?（ ）39. According to the passage, Christine Rosen calls the iMedia revolution ego-casting because（ ）.40. Why was the invention of the TV remote important according to the passage?（ ）问题1选项A.A middle-aged housewi

12、fe.B.A saleswoman in the supermarket.C.A disc presenter.D.An online news writer.问题2选项A.They provide news and entertainment for the public.B.They have started the iMedia revolution.C.They have helped ordinary people control media.D.They choose what to listen to or watch by themselves.问题3选项A.They are

13、either very old or very young.B.They consist of people of all ages.C.They are located in New York, Texas and Maine.D.They share the same interests.问题4选项A.people show themselves in the mediaB.people get their needs for media metC.people can watch whatever they likeD.it is the invention of an individu

14、al问题5选项A.Because it enabled ordinary people to control media to some extent.B.Because it made more cable TV channels available to people.C.Because it led to the invention of Internet in the 1990s.D.Because it made life easier for couch potatoes.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】36.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。

15、根据题干纵观全文，从文章可以看出Terry Wolfisch Cole只是一个善于利用网络分享自己日常生活和利用网络便利自己日常生活的普通家庭主妇。本题可用排除法解答，A选项“一个中年家庭主妇”符合题意；B选项“超市售货员”文中没有提到，所以排除；C选项“唱片主持人”，根据第一段的内容可知此段最后一句中提到的disc presenter只是一个比喻，而并不是她的真实身份，所以排除C选项；D选项“在线新闻作家”，真正的在线新闻作家并不会只写自己的生活日常。因此A选项正确。37. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干定位到第三段第一句“Wolfisch Coleis part of a

16、new breed of people who are filtering, shaping and even creating media for themselves.（Wolfisch Cole是一群为自己过滤、塑造甚至创造媒体的新群体中的一员。）”。A选项“他们为公众提供新闻和娱乐”与事实不符，这些新群体并不是为公众提供新闻和娱乐，而是制定符合他们自己口味的新闻；B选项“他们开启了媒体革命”，不正确，根据文章，媒体革命源于电视遥控器的发明；C选项“他们帮助普通人控制媒体”文中没有提到；D选项“他们自己选择听或看什么”符合题意，因此D选项正确。38. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题

17、。根据题干定位到文章第五段，该段落分别选择了老、中、青三个年龄阶段的典型人物来说明iMedia的拥护者包括了从老年到少年各个年龄阶段的人。A选项“他们要么很老，要么很年轻”说法错误，忽略了来自缅甸的44岁的Rogier Van Bakel这种中年人。B选项“他们由各个年龄层的人组成”符合段意；C选项“他们位于纽约，德克萨斯和缅因州”说法太绝对，文中只是拿来自这几个地方的人举例子，并不代表全部；D选项“他们有共同的兴趣”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。39. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到文章第六段第二句：“The term fits”, she says, “because

18、 the trend is all about me-me-mediathe idea is to get exactly what you want, when and where you want it.”（她表示：“这个词很合适，因为现在的趋势都是关于我-我-媒体其理念是在你想要的时间和地点得到你想要的东西。”）。A选项“人们在媒体上展示自己”与段意不符；B选项“人们通过媒体满足了自己需求”符合段意；C选项“人们可以看他们喜欢的任何节目”和D选项“它是一种个人的发明”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。40. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意可定位到文章最后一段的第一句“Ros

19、en and others trace the beginnings of the iMedia revolution to the invention of the TV remote, which marked the first subtle shift of media control away from broadcasters and into the hands of the average couch potato（Rosen等人将iMedia革命的开端追溯到电视遥控器的发明，这标志着媒体控制从广播公司转移到普通电视迷手中的第一次微妙转变。）”，由此可推断出电视遥控器的出现使人

20、们或多或少地拥有了媒体的掌控权。A选项“因为它在一定程度上使普通人能够控制媒体”符合段意；B选项“因为它为人们提供了更多的有线电视频道”，互联网是有线电视频道变多的原因；C选项“因为它导致了20世纪90年代互联网的发明”，遥控器并不是互联网发明的原因；D选项“因为它使电视迷的生活更容易了”说法太片面，便利了电视迷的生活并不是遥控器重要的意义所在，因此A选项正确。2. 翻译题任何形式的脑力锻炼都比窝在沙发上看电视要好。但最能产生积极影响的锻炼活动绝不是简单和轻松的活动：永无休止地玩游戏，或者看历史频道的最新记录长片可能是不够的。就像肌肉越用越强健一样，脑力训练可以使你的心智技能和记忆力保持张力。

21、不要过得太舒服。走出舒适区，时不时挑战一下你的心智技能，比如到你从来没有去过的城市旅游，这会使你在陌生的环境里不断探索。【答案】【参考译文】Any form of mental exercise is better than watching TV on the sofa. But the exercise activities that can have the most positive impact are by no means simple and easy activities: it may not be enough to play games endlessly or wat

22、ch the latest documentary feature films on the history channel. Just as muscles become stronger with use, mental training can keep your mental skills and memory under tension. Dont be too comfortable. Step out of your comfort zone and occasionally challenge your mental skills, such as traveling to a

23、 city you have never been to, which will make you constantly explore in a strange environment.3. 单选题He made some （ ）sketches which would serve as guides when he painted the actual portrait.问题1选项A.primaryB.elementaryC.fundamentalD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。primary意为“首要的，主要的，初级的，最初的”，指处于初级或低级状态；elem

24、entary意为“基本的”，指事物的初步或起始阶段，或指学习某一学科或接受教育等处于入门阶段或只是刚刚接触的基本知识或原理； fundamental意为“基础的，基本的，根本的”，指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物；preliminary意为“初步的，初级的”指在正式开始举某活动之前进行的“初步的、预备的”活动。由sketches（草图）可知选D。句意：他画了一些初步的草图，作为他画肖像之前的指导。4. 翻译题为了全面实现小康社会，中国政府制定了强有力的平衡、平等发展的计划。经过多年的努力，中国已经形成政府为主、大家参与的扶贫模式。中国开发式扶贫工作遵行的是独立自主、全面发展的道路。这不仅对促进国民

25、经济的持续快速发展、社会稳定、民族团结发挥了重要作用，也为世界的反贫困事业做出了贡献。我们最终的目标是缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕。我们将进一步把减贫作为工作重点，大力推进发展与改革，努力为扶贫创造良好的环境。【答案】【参考译文】In order to realize a well-off society in an all-round way, the Chinese government has formulated a strong plan for balanced and equitable development. After years of efforts, Chin

26、a has formed a poverty alleviation model dominated by the government and participated by everyone. Chinas development oriented poverty alleviation work follows the path of independent and all-round development. This has not only played an important role in promoting the sustained and rapid developme

27、nt of the national economy, social stability and national unity, but also contributed to the worlds anti-poverty cause. Our ultimate goal is to alleviate and eliminate poverty and achieve common prosperity for all people. We will further focus on poverty reduction, vigorously promote development and

28、 reform, and strive to create a good environment for poverty alleviation.5. 单选题Tony has not the least（ ）of giving up his research work.问题1选项A.intentionB.interestC.wishD.desire【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intention“打算，意图，意向”，后可接of 短语，也可以接不定式短语；B选项interest“兴趣，爱好，利息，趣味”，后接介词in；C选项wish“希望，愿望；祈求，心愿；祝愿，祝福”与D选项desir

29、e“欲望；要求，心愿”后一般接不定式。句意：托尼毫无放弃其研究工作的打算。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are available in grocery stores.问题1选项A.readyB.approachableC.probableD.obtainable【答案】D【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项ready“准备好的，现成的，迅速的”；B选项approachable“可接近的，可到达的，易理解的”；C选项probable“很可能的，可信的”；D选项obtainable“能得

30、到的，能获得的”。句意：现成的方便食品可以在杂货店买到。Available“可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的”，所以D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题The lost car of the Thompsons was found forsaken in the woods off the high way.问题1选项A.vanishedB.scatteredC.abandonedD.rejected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。forsake意为“抛弃，遗弃”；vanish意为“消失”；scatter意为“驱散，散开”；abandon意为“放弃，抛弃”；reject意为

31、“拒绝”。句意：汤普森一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在远离高速公路的树林里。8. 单选题Just for fun, they decided to try a very （ ）country road instead of the more direct super-highway.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.circuitousC.deciduousD.nefarious【答案】B【解析】查形容词辨析。ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”；circuitous意为“迂回的，绕行的”；deciduous意为“每年落叶的，非永久性的”；nefarious意为“极坏的，恶毒的”。由inst

32、ead of（而不是）可知“_country road（乡村道路）”与“direct super-highway（直达高速公路）”相比较，因此选B。句意：仅是为了好玩，他们决定尝试一条非常迂回的乡村公路，而不是更直接的高速公路。9. 单选题（ ）lighting has made an important contribution to the cultural development of humanity.问题1选项A.syntheticB.falseC.imitationD.artificial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。synthetic意为“人造的；合成的”，强调通过化学作用或

33、化学处理把几种物质复制成与原材料截然不同的新产品；false意为“虚伪的”；imitation意为“仿制品，赝品，模仿”；artificial意为“人工的，人造的”，指模仿天然材料由人工制造的东西。句意：人工照明为人类文化发展做出了重要贡献。10. 单选题Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant tolerate so much noise.问题1选项A.resistB.sustainC.endureD.undergo【答案】C【解析】考查同义动词辨析。A选项resist“抵抗，抗拒”；B选项sustain“维持，支持，承担”；

34、C选项endure“忍耐，忍受”；D选项undergo“经历，经受”。句意：有些老人不喜欢流行歌曲，因为他们受不了这么多的噪音。tolerate“忍受，容忍”，C选项与该词意思最相近，因此C选项正确。11. 单选题The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.问题1选项A.stings the eyesB.smells badC.causes itchingD.discolors the skin【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。stink意为“有臭味，有难闻的气味”；st

35、ing the eyes意为“刺眼”；smell bad意为“难闻，刺鼻的怪味”；cause itching意为“引起瘙痒”；discolor the skin意为“使皮肤变色”。句意：臭鼬通过喷洒一种散发臭味的物质来保护自己免受敌人的攻击。12. 翻译题4. When people face a challenge they sometimes talk about taking a deep breath to find courage or strength. In fact, the word “inspire” literally means “to breathe in”. But

36、 even with the inspiration of others, its understandable that we sometimes think the worlds problems are so big that we can do little to help. On our own, we cannot end wars or wipe out injustice, but the cumulative impact of thousands of small acts of goodness can be bigger than we imagine.【答案】【参考译

37、文】4.遭遇挑战的人们有时会说，深吸一口气，拿出勇气和力量。事实上，“鼓舞”的字面意思就是“吸气”。 可即便受到他人鼓舞，我们有时还是发现，这个世界的问题太大，我们所做的不过杯水车薪，这是可以理解的。就我们自己而言，我们无法结束战争，扫荡不公，可成千上万微不足道的善行累加起来，却能产生我们想象不到的影响。13. 单选题She gets along very well with everyone, so she is the most （ ）member of our family.问题1选项A.rustyB.impetuousC.congenialD.imperious【答案】C【解析】考查形

38、容词辨析。rusty意为“生锈的，腐蚀的”；impetuous意为“鲁莽的，冲动的，轻率的”；congenial意为“意气相投的，情趣相投的，合得来的”；imperious意为“专横的，蛮横的，盛气凌人的”。由前面的She gets along very well with everyone（她和大家相处得很好）可知她是个容易相处的人，因此选C。句意：她和大家相处得很好，所以她是我们家最容易相处的人。14. 单选题The cats happy expression bore testimony that it had eaten the cream.问题1选项A.doubtB.proofC.e

39、xperienceD.revelation【答案】B【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项doubt“怀疑，质疑”；B选项proof“证明，验证”；C选项experience“经验，经历，体验”；D选项revelation“启示，揭示”。句意：那只猫快乐的表情证明它吃了奶油。Testimony“证据，证词”，由此可知B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。15. 单选题After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and （ ）that a gust of wind might have blown him away.问题1选项A.flim

40、syB.powerlessC.frailD.faint【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。flimsy意为“劣质的，不结实的，薄而易损坏的”；powerless意为“无影响力的，无权的，无能为力”；frail意为“脆弱的，虚弱的”；faint意为“（光、声、味）微弱的，不清楚的”。由句中的long illness（长期生病）和thin（瘦小的）可知选C。句意：这位老人病了很久，看上去如此瘦小虚弱以致于一直狂风就可能把他吹走。16. 单选题Those who are _ of all common sense would be easily taken in by tricks that are

41、frequently exposed by the wise.问题1选项A.deprivedB.devoidC.strippedD.snatched【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项deprived“贫困的，穷苦的，严重匮乏的；（人）丧失的，被剥夺的”；B选项devoid“缺乏的；全无的”；C选项stripped“剥去的”；D选项snatched“一把抓起；夺去；抓紧时间做；反败为胜”。根据固定搭配be devoid of“缺乏；没有的；毫无的；没有”可知句意为：那些缺乏常识的人很容易上当，而这些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B选项正确。17. 单选题For thousands of Can

42、adians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengthening litany of

43、complaints about contractors, car dealers, repair shops, moving companies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarial feeling between businesses and consumers.Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One is that customer service was an early

44、and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1800 numbers and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is that strident, frus

45、trated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitableespecially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers, service went with it.The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complai

46、nts a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people being hauled almost bodily out the door by somebody s

47、aying things like “I dont have to serve you!” or “this is private property, get out and dont come back!” What can customers do? If the bureaus arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customers only recourse is to sue in small claims court. But because of the costs and time it takes, relativ

48、ely few ever do.There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generational change. Many young people regard retailing “as just a dead-end job that youre just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job”. Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility

49、. Employers are having to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeople today, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computer society where theyve interacted largely with machines. One of the biggest complaints from businesses about gra

50、duates is the lack of interpersonal skills.What customers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, they dont want busy signals, they dont want interactive systems telling them to push one for this and two for thatthey dont want voice mail. And if customers do not get what they

51、 want, they defect. Some people go back to local small businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger. They dont wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.46. At a business place of bad service, the worst one can get is（ ）.47. One of the reasons for such ill fee

52、ling in the marketplace is that（ ）.48. What has changed at Vancouver Beler Service Burcau in the past five years?（ ）49. Young clerks often lack interpersonal skills chiefly because they（ ）.50. The authors attitude towards businesses and bad service is（ ）them.问题1选项A.indifference and rudenessB.naked h

53、ostility and physical violenceC.having intelligence and integrity questionedD.being insulted and threatened问题2选项A.shoppers are usually strident, frustrated and impatientB.shoppers often take businesses to court to settle themC.businesses use new technology instead of employeeD.businesses are keen on

54、 keeping customers, not getting them问题3选项A.More effective.B.Less bureaucracy.C.More business.D.Better staff.问题4选项A.are skilled in dealing with machines not peopleB.are not trained in simple manners at homeC.fall victims to generational changeD.take retailing to be a temporary job问题5选项A.attackingB.un

55、derstandingC.regrettingD.warning【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】46.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第一段第二句“It is an aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence.（它是一个正在不断恶化的现实生活中的现象，包括从漠不关心、粗

56、俗无礼到不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力等一系列行为。）”可知，这些劣质服务行为按照严重程度递增排列。A选项“冷漠和粗鲁”；B选项“赤裸裸的敌意和身体暴力”；C选项“智力和正直受到质疑”；D选项“被侮辱和威胁”，其中最恶劣的是不加掩饰的恶意甚至身体暴力，因此B选项正确。47. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第二段，第二段分析了三个原因。第一个原因是：零售商应对残酷的竞争采用技术取代员工。第二个原因是：商家一般都开始把重点更多放在赢得顾客而不是保持顾客上。第三个原因是：一些吵闹的、失望的没有耐心的购买者经常惹恼店主。A选项“购物者通常是刺耳的、沮丧的和不耐烦的”只是个别现象；

57、B选项“购物者经常把商家告上法庭”文中没有提到；C选项“商家使用技术替代员工”符合题意；D选项“企业热衷于留住顾客，而不是得到他们”与文意不符，因此C选项正确。48. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意定位到文章第三段的第一句“The Better Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four.（温哥华商业促进局每周接到250起

58、投诉，是五年前的两倍。该局当时只有一名投诉顾问，现在有四名。）”可知，投诉多了，业务更加繁忙了。A选项“效率更高”；B选项“官僚作风减少”；D选项“更好的职员”文中没有提到，C选项“更多的业务”符合题意，因此C选项正确。49. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第四段，第四段提到了服务成了代与代之间变化的受害者并对其进行了阐述。A选项“擅长与机器而非人打交道”与年轻职员人际交流能力差相关，而且是直接原因；B选项“在家没有接受简单的礼仪训练”；C选项“成为代与代之间变化的受害者”；D选项“将零售视为临时的工作”都是年轻人其他方面的表现，因此A选项正确。50. 【试题答案】

59、D【试题解析】作者意图题。文中作者主要描述了劣质服务的存在及分析其原因。最后一段作者写到顾客真正想要的是一个接近的机会。如果顾客得不到他们想要的服务，他们就会跑掉。由此可见作者是在呼吁并警告服务行业要善于找出他们的服务问题并进行改善。A选项“攻击的”；B选项“理解的”；C选项“懊悔的”；D选项“警告的”，因此D选项正确。18. 单选题She looked closely at the picture for a long time （ ）every detail in it.问题1选项A.jeopardizingB.visualizingC.dissectingD.scrutinizing【答

60、案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。jeopardize意为“危及，损害”；visualize意为“使形象化，想象，构思”；dissect意为“解剖(人或动植物)，仔细研究”；scrutinize意为“仔细检查，细致审查”。由空格后的“every detail（每一个细节）”可知D选项更为恰当。句意：她近距离看了这幅画很长一段时间，仔细观察了其中的每一个细节。19. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great forthrightness and therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.int

61、entionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。forthrightness意为“坦率，直率”；intention意为“意图，目的”；instinct意为“本能，天性”；integrity意为“正直，诚实”；intensity意为“强烈”。句意：市长是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政支持。20. 翻译题Five National Health Service (NHS) trusts have signed partnerships with Google to process sensitive patient reco

62、rds, in what are believed to be the first deals of their kind. The collaborations came after DeepMind, the London-based artificial intelligence company owned by Alphabet, transferred control of its health division to its Californian parent. DeepMind had contracts to process medical data from six NHS trusts to develop its app, which alerts doctors and nurses when patients are at risk of acute kidney injury, as well as to conduct AI research. Five of the trusts chose to sign contracts with Google. According to papers from the Royal Free, the da