2022-2023年考博英语-湘潭大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湘潭大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The reception given to Kimuras radical theory of molecular evolution shows that when（ ）fights orthodoxy to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention问题1选项A.imitationB.reactionC.dogmatismD.invention【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。句意对于Kimura激进的分子演化理论的介绍表明了

2、当创新和正统斗争到一个结论，创新就从传统中得到了大块的空间。通过观察分析题目的结构可知orthodoxy对应的是题目最后一部分中的convention,都是表示“传统”，而空白处对应的是题目最后一部分中的 novelty,都表示“创新”，四个选项中只有选项invention能表示“创新”，所以D选项正确。2. 单选题While many people utilize homeopathic remedies to treat health problems, other people do not（ ）such alternative treatments, （ ）conventional m

3、edical treatmentsinstead.问题1选项A.distrust.employingB.embrace. eschewingC.countenance.relying onD.recommend.turning from【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项distrust “不信任，怀疑”；employ “雇佣”；B选项embrace “拥 抱”；eschew “避开”；C选项countenance “赞成”；rely on “ 依靠，依赖”；D选项recommend “推荐”； turn from “对感到厌恶”。根据句意当很多人使用顺势疗法来治疗健康问题时，其他人并不赞成这

4、样的治疗方法，而是更信赖传统的药物治疗。C选项正确。3. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph in the following passage into English.在中国，笔(brush)、墨(ink stick)、纸、砚(ink slab),就是人们所说的“文房 (the study)四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。作为文化艺术工具，以其独特性能催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特的风格。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。在当今时代，使 用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习和写作的人越来越少了，但是在中

5、国的书法，绘画，收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。【答案】In China, writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink slab, what people call “four treasures of the study”，play an important role in the inheritance of Chinese civilization. As tools for culture and art, the “four treasures of the study”, by virtue of their unique pr

6、operty, promoted the emergence of the calligraphy art peculiar to Chinese character, and Chinese painting has also formed the unique style. In addition to practical values, they are also the works of art for people to view and admire, and gradually become collections today. In contemporary times, th

7、e number of people using “four treasures of the study” for studying and writing has been decreasing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the activities of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and self-cultivation.4. 单选题In his typically American open style of communication, Mr. H

8、ayes confronted Isabeta about not looking at him. Reluctantly, she explained why. As a newcomer from Mexico, she had been taught to avoid eye contact as a mark of respect to authority figures, teachers, employers, parents. Mr. Hayes did not know this. He then informed her that most Americas interpre

9、t lack of eye contact as disrespect and deviousness. Ultimately, he convinced Isabela to try and change her habit, which she slowly did.People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americas, especially from the South, observ

10、e this custom, too. A masters thesis by Samuel Avoian, a graduate student at Central Missouri State University, tells how misinterpreting eye-contact customs can have a negative impact when white football coaches recruit African American players for the teams.He reports that, when speaking, white co

11、mmunicators usually look away from the listener, only periodically glancing at them. They do the opposite, when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time.Many African Americas communicate in an opposite way. When speaking, they tend to constantly stare at the listener; when lis

12、tening, they mostly look away. Therefore, if white sports recruiters are not informed about these significant differences, they can be misled about interest and attentiveness when interviewing prospective African American ball players.In multicultural America, issues of eye contact have brought abou

13、t social conflicts of two different kinds in many urban centers; non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly. The customers translated the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect, a habit blamed for contributing to the open confrontation taking place b

14、etween some Asians and African Americas in New York, Texas, and California. Many teachers too have provided stories about classroom conflicts based on their misunderstanding Asian and Latin American children lack of eye contact as being disrespectful.On the other hand, direct eye contact has now tak

15、en on a new meaning among the younger generation and across ethnic borders. Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provocation, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict.Mad-dogging has become the source of many campus c

16、onflicts. In one high school, it resulted in a fight between Cambodian newcomers and African-American students. The Cambodians had been staring at the other students merely to learn how Americans behave, yet the others misinterpreted the Cambodians intentions and the fight began.Mad-dogging seems to

17、 be connected with the avoidance of eye contact as a sign of respect. Thus, in the urban contemporary youth scene, if one looks directly at another, this disrespects, or disses that person. Much like the archaic phrase I demand satisfaction”，which became the overture to a duel, mad-dogging may becom

18、e a prelude to a physical encounter. At the entrances to Universal Studios City Walk attraction in Los Angeles, they have posted Code of Conduct signs. The second rule warns against physically over bally threatening any person, fighting, annoying others through noisy or boisterous activities or by u

19、nnecessary staring.1.Many African Americans from the South（ ）.2.When listening to the others, white communicators tend to（ ）.3.Many customers in American cities are angry with Korean shopkeepers because（ ）.4.Mad-dogging refers to（ ）.5.The archaic phrase, I demand satisfaction （ ）.问题1选项A.adopt a typi

20、cally American open style of communicationB.often misinterpret the meaning of eye contactC.avoid eye contact as a sign of respectD.are taught to avoid eye contact whenever telling to the others问题2选项A.look at the speaker all the timeB.glance at the speaker periodicallyC.look away from the speakerD.st

21、are at the speaker问题3选项A.Korean shopkeepers do not look at them directlyB.they expect a more enthusiastic reflection from the shopkeepersC.there are some social conflicts in many urban centersD.they are not informed about difference between cultures问题4选项A.the source of many campus conflicts across e

22、thnic borders in urban centersB.physical conflict among the younger generation in urban centersC.a lack of eye contact as a sign of respectD.a provocation from one teenager to another of a different ethnic background问题5选项A.was connected with the avoidance of eye contactB.often led to a fightC.was a

23、sign of disrespectD.often resulted in some kind of misinterpretation【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问许多非洲裔美国人来自南方。由第二段中第一句 “People from many Asian, Latin American, and Caribbean cultures also avoid eye contact as a sign of respect. Many African Americas, especially from the South, observ

24、e this custom, too.很多亚洲、拉丁美洲和加勒比海文化的人也通过避开眼神来表示尊敬。很多非裔美国人，尤其是来自南部的那些人，也遵守这个风俗。”确定C选项“避开眼神接触作为尊敬的表示”正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问当听到别人说话时，白人交流者倾向于。由第三段第二句“They do the opposite, when listening they are expected to look at the speaker all the time. 他们做的正好相反，当他们在听的时候，他们总是要看着说话的人。”确定A选项“一直看着讲话者”正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问许多美国城市的顾

25、客对韩国店主感到愤怒，因为。由第五段中第二句 “non-Korean customers became angry when Korean shopkeepers did not look at them directly.当韩国人店主没有直视他们时，非韩国顾客会变得生气。”确定A选项 “韩国人店主没有直视他们”正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问Mad-dogging指的是。由倒数第四段第二句Particularly in urban centers, when one teenager looks directly at another, this is considered a provoca

26、tion, sometimes called mad-dogging, and can lead to physical conflict. 尤其是在城市中心，当一个青少年直视另一个青少年时，这被认为是一种挑衅，有时被称为“疯狂跟踪”，并可能导致身体冲突。”确定D选项“一个青少年对另外一位来自不同文化背景的青少年的一种挑衅”正确。5.推理判断题。题干询问古老的短语“我要求满足”。由倒数第二段第三句 “Much like the archaic phrase I demand satisfaction, which became the overture to a duel, mad-doggi

27、ng may become a prelude to a physical encounter. 就像古老的短语“我要求满足”(I demand satisfaction)成为决斗的序曲一样，冷眼盯着可能成为身体接触的前奏。”确定B选项“经常导致打架”正确。5. 单选题Now there is in America a curious combination of pride（ ）to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend upon manual labor for a living and delight in what o

28、ne is able to accomplish with his hand.问题1选项A.in having risenB.to have risenC.having risenD.in rising【答案】A【解析】非谓语动词辨析题。首先，pride与in搭配，表示“以为自豪”，而介词in之后应用动词的ing形式，且这里强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时态的分词形式，A选项正确。6. 翻译题Despite the web, we watch more television than ever.In the chaos of todays media and technol

29、ogy brawl - iPod vs. Zune, Google vs. Yahoo, Windows vs. Linux, Intel vs. AMD - we can declare one unlikely winner. Standing tall in a field of new tech wonders, its a geezer technology that are invented in the 1920s and commercialized in the 1940s, and its still more powerful than any thing created

30、 since.As you try to figure out where consumer info-tech is going, and what it means for society, remember this big, central reality: People just want more television.If you doubt it, look at todays biggest news in tech. It continually centers on new ways to bring consumers the thing they crave abov

31、e all else. Sony flooded the recent Consumer Electronics Show with products that put internet video on your TV set, as did almost every other consumer electronics company. At the simultaneous Macworld Expo, Apple chief Steve Jobs introduced Apple TV, which does the same thing. Verizon said it will s

32、oon offer live TV on cellphone screens. It will also sell full-length programs for viewing whenever you want. Put it all together, and we have achieved a nirvana that didnt exist even a year ago: unlimited television available 24/7 on every screen you own.Its no surprise, of course.Ever since the ba

33、sic facts of steadily multiplying processor power and bandwidth became apparent, seers have confidently predicted this day. They just as confidently predicted what it would mean: traditional televisions demise. Once the World Wide Web appeared in the mid-1990s, the future looked very clear. Boring o

34、ld TV, the scheduled programs that come to you through a coaxial cable or satellite dish or antenna, would fade away.Which is exactly the opposite of what has happened. Despite many Net Age alternatives, we Americans today watch more boring old TV than ever, which is saying something. How can that b

35、e? My theory is the Two-Liter Coke Principle. The Coca-Cola company discovered long ago that if it could get people to bring home bigger bottles of Coke, those people would drink more than they used to. Just getting more Coke in front of them increased their consumption. It seems to be the same with

36、 TV. Put more of it in front of people over 100 channels in many homes and people will watch more.Seen from this perspective, the latest announcements of new TV-related technology look simply like additional ways to put more TV in front of American consumer. The supposed threat from the Internet was

37、 that wed cut back on TV as we spent more time on MySpace or in Second Life. We may well spend more time on such new Net attractions, but were unlikely to take that time away from video viewing. Were more likely to cut back on things we consider less important, like sleep.No one has evaluated TV bet

38、ter than the great New Yorker essayist E.B White, who in 1938 wrote, “We shall stand or fall by television, of that I am sure.” We still dont know which it will be, but his assessment looks truer than ever.【答案】当你试图弄清楚消费者信息技术的发展方向，以及它对社会的意义时，请记住一个重要的中心事实: 人们只是想看更多的电视节目。索尼在最近的消费电子展上推出了大量可以在电视机上播放互联网视频

39、的产品，几乎所有其他消费电子产品公司都是如此。自从处理器功率和带宽稳步增长的基本事实变得明显以来，预言家们就自信地预测到了这一天。而事实恰恰相反。尽管有许多网络时代的替代品，但是我们美国人今天比以往任何时候都看更多无聊的老电视，这说明了一些问题。没有人比伟大的纽约客散文家E，B怀特更好地评估了电视，他在1938年写到“我确信我们的成败将系于电视”。7. 单选题Although the intellectual and artistic achievements of this ancient civilization were, even by modem standards, extraor

40、dinarily（ ）, its level of technical and mechanicaldevelopment was by no means（ ）to that of modem technology.问题1选项A.primitive .superiorBparableC.primeval. equivalentD.influential. subordinate【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项primitive “原始的，非常的”；superior “出众的，优秀的”; B选项sophisticated“ 复杂的，精致的”;comparable“可比的”; C选项prim

41、eval 原始的”；equivalent “等价的”； D选项influential “有影响力的”; subordinate “次要的，从属的”。根据句意虽然这个古代文明的知识和艺术成就即使按现代的标准也相当有影响力， 但是它的技术和机械的发展绝不逊色于现代技术。D选项正确。 8. 单选题From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of

42、 once fatal diseases can now be cured by modem drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever befor

43、e, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly injured each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has be

44、en rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the steer

45、ing wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and

46、 seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statist

47、ic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramat

48、ically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are al

49、lowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual test for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. M

50、aximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should b

51、e considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.1.The main idea of this passage is that（ ）.2.Which of the statements below is NOT in keeping with the implication of the 2nd paragraph?3.Which of the following

52、 is NOT mentioned as a counter-measure against traffic accidents?4.The authors attitude toward the social phenomenon is（ ）.问题1选项A.traffic accidents are mainly caused by motoristsB.only stricter traffic laws can prevent road accidentsC.the laws of some countries about driving are too laxD.thousands o

53、f people over the world are killed each year问题2选项A.People usually cannot stay quiet and pleasant while driving.B.People are usually beside themselves when they are driving.C.Peoples hidden abilities are often brought into full play by the act of driving.D.Peoples bad qualities and emotions can be fu

54、lly exposed by the act of driving.问题3选项A.Making driving test standardized and more difficult.B.Raising age limit for drivers and retesting them regularly.C.Restricting the speed of driving within reasonable limits.D.Testing the amount of alcohol in drivers blood frequently.问题4选项A.ironicalB.criticalC

55、.indifferentD.militant【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。本题询问这篇阅读的中心思想。A选项意为“交通事故主要是由摩托车引起的”；B选项意为“只有更严格的交通法规能够阻止事故的发生”；C选项意为“一些国家关于驾驶的法规太过松弛”；D选项意为“每年全世界有几千人丧生”。 分析全文内容可知，文章前几段主要分析了造成事故的几个原因，而最后一段得出的结论是应该通过更严格的交通法规才能更好地制止交通事故的发生，所以B选项正确。2.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项论述不符合第二段的内容。A选项意为 “人们开车时通常无法保持安静愉快的心情”；B选项意为

56、“当人们开车时，他们通常会发狂”；C选项意为“通常人们隐藏的能力会通过驾驶行为充分地发挥出来”；D选项意为“人们的坏品质和负面情感会通过驾驶行为完全被公开”。根据原文 “It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. 有人说得对

57、，当一个人坐在方向盘后面，他的车就成了他个性的延伸。毫无疑问，汽车常常显露出一个人最坏的品质。”可知人们在驾驶时的情绪和个人品质会通过驾驶行为显露出来，C选项正确；由原文 “People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind the steering wheel. 通常安静而愉快的人，当他们坐在方向盘后面时，可能会变得面目无睹。” 可知本段中并没有说人们开车总是无法保持安静和愉快，A选项符合题意。3.细节事实题。本题询问下列哪一项没有被作为阻止交通事故发生的一项对策提

58、及。A选项意为“将驾照考试更标准化和增加难度”；B选项意为“提高驾驶员的年 龄限制并定期复查”；C选项意为“将驾驶速度限制在合理的范围内”；D选项意为“经常测试司机血液中的酒精量”。根据原文最后一段中提出了的如何降低摩托车事故发生的方式“驾驶测试应当标准化，比现在要更严格；所有四级每三年考核一次；年轻人驾车的允许年龄应提高到21岁；全部机动车每年都应经过严格的安全测试”可知D选项没有提及符合题意。4.观点态度题。本题询问作者对于这种社会现象的态度。A选项意为“讽刺的”；B选项意为“批判的”；C选项意为“漠不关心的”；D选项意为“富有战斗性的”。文章的前三段分别给出了导致交通事故发生的几个原因，

59、作者也呼吁各国制定更为严格的交通法规来阻止事故的发生，而对于摩托车事故，作者一直持批评的态度，B选项正确。9. 单选题Professor Johnson planned to go over my paper sentence by sentence with me in his office this morning, but he hasnt（ ）yet.问题1选项A.turned roundB.turned upC.turned onD.turned in【答案】B【解析】动词短语词义辨析。A选项的turn round= turn around“转身，转向，归航，转变”；B选项的 tur

60、n up “出现，露面，发生，开大（收音机、电视等）的音量”；C选项的turn on “打开，发动”；D选项的 turn in “交上，归还，告发”。根据句意 约翰逊教授计划今天早上和我一起在他办公室逐句检查我的论文，但他还没来确定B选项正确。10. 单选题Natures energy efficiency often （ ）human technology: despite the intensity of the light fireflies produce, the amount of heat is negligible; only recently have humans deve

61、loped chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency（ ） the fireflys system.问题1选项A.engenders. manipulatesB.reflects. simulatesC.outstrips. rivalsD.inhibits. matches【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。A选项的engender “产生，引起（某种感觉或情况）”；manipulate “（暗中）控制，操纵，操作”；B选项的reflect “反映，表明，显示，反射（声、光、热等）”; simulate “假装,模拟，冒充”；C选项的ou

62、tstrip “追过，胜过，凌驾”;rival “堪与某人/某物竞 争，比得上某人/某物”；D选项的inhibit“禁止，抑制”；match“相配，相适合，（数量或质量） 比得上，与不相上下”。根据句意 自然界的能量效率常常超过人类的技术：尽管萤火虫所发出的光亮极 为强烈，但其热量却微乎其微：其是在近期，人类才研制出化学发光系统，其能量效率方能与萤火虫的发光体系相媲美确定C选项正确。11. 单选题The spectacular aurora light displays that appear in the Earths atmosphere around the north and sout

63、h magnetic poles were once mysterious phenomena. Now, scientists have data from satellites and ground-based observations from which we know that the aurora brilliance is an immense electrical discharge similar to that occurring in a neon sign.To understand the cause of auroras, first picture the Earth enclosed by its magnetosphere, a huge region created by the Earth magnetic field. Outside the magnetosphere, blasting toward the Earth is the solar wind, a swiftly moving plasma of ionized gases with its own magnetic field. Charged particles in this solar wind speed earthward along t