2022-2023年考博英语-西南财经大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第38期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南财经大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题如何积累词汇。掌握一门外语的词汇有几种途径：1）通过上下文巧妙地猜测词义； 2）结合阅读使用词典；3）除阅读外，进行专门的词汇训练。我们是慢慢吞吞地、吃力 地积累词汇，以便几年以后可以流畅阅读呢，还是在阅读的同时学习词汇呢？最容易也 最有趣的增加词汇的可能办法是拿一本用浅显文体写成的故事书（老师或图书馆管理员可以推荐一本），然后当作故事来读。当作故事来读这一文选意味着整句整段地阅读，而不是逐字逐词地翻译，即使我们在这儿或那儿漏掉了一些意义，但最终还是能逐渐地熟悉某些词汇而根本不用查词典。当然，这只是我们在阅读用本族语

2、写的故事时所用的方法，这样的阅读使我们能比逐字翻译更好地感受习惯用法和句法。【答案】How to accumulate vocabulary? There are several ways to master a foreign languages vocabulary: 1) Skilfully guess the meaning of a word based on context; 2) use a dictionary, combining with the reading; 3) do special vocabulary training, besides reading. Whe

3、ther we accumulate vocabulary slowly and laboriously so that we can read smoothly several years later or learning vocabulary while reading? The easiest and most interesting way to enlarge vocabulary is probably using a storybook which is written in plain literary form (teacher or librarian can recom

4、mend one), and then read it as a story. Reading this literary selection as a story means reading it by whole sentence and whole paragraph, not translating it word by word. Even if we miss some meaning here or there, we can gradually familiarize with certain words ultimately without looking up dictio

5、nary. Of course, this method is just used when we read stories written in our own language. This kind of reading can make us feel idiomatic usage and syntax better than translating word by word.2. 单选题The offer of a free overseas tour （ ）him into buying the villa on the hillside.问题1选项A.discouragedB.c

6、ommittedC.temptedD.tangled【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。discourage阻止，使气馁；commit犯错，委托；tempt诱惑，引起；tangle使纠缠。句意：因为提供免费的境外旅游诱使他买下了山坡上的别墅。选项C更符合语境。3. 单选题（ ）, theres a good reason for her absence, as she doesnt usually stay away from work.问题1选项A.IdealB.PrincipallyC.PresumablyD.Originally【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。ideally “理想地”；p

7、rincipally “主要地”；presumably “大概”；originally “原始地”。句意：她没来可能是有原因的，因为她通常不会擅离岗位。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Agriculture was a step in human progress （ ）which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.问题1选项A.inB.forC.toD.from【答案】C【解析】介词辨析题。分析句子结构可知，这里是由which引导的定语从句，先行词是agriculture，填空处应该填

8、入一个和comparable搭配的介词，只有介词to能与之搭配，意为“可比较的，比得上是”，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题His total worldly possessions （ ）little more than the clothes he stood up in.问题1选项A.amounted toB.settled forC.turned offD.came at【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。amount to总计；settle for勉强同意；turn off关闭；come at达到。句意：他的全部财产仅仅只有他所穿的衣服。这里是对他的全部财产进行一个总计，所以选项A更符合句意。

9、6. 单选题Brazils constitution（ ）the military use of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.WithdrawsB.objectsC.interruptsD.forbids【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。withdraw“撤销，收回，撤退”；object“反对，拒绝”； Interrupt “中断”； forbid “禁止”。句意：巴西宪法规定禁止军队使用核能。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Because of the tighter money policy,（ ）defense for the coming years is greatly

10、 cut.问题1选项A.reservationB.budgetC.allowanceD.finance【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reservation “预约”；budget “预算”；allowance “津贴”；finance “财政；金融”。句意：由于财政政策紧张，来年的国防预算大大缩减了。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题There is no （ ）to the house from the main road.问题1选项A.accessB.avenueC.exposureD.edge【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。access通道；avenue林荫大道；exposure暴露；ed

11、ge边缘。句意：从大路没有通道通往这个房子。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Eye contact is important because wrong contact may create a communication （ ）.问题1选项A.tragedyB.vacuumC.questionD.barrier【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。tragedy悲剧，灾难；vacuum真空；question问题，疑问；barrier障碍，界线。句意：眼神交流很重要，因为错误的眼神交流可能会造成沟通障碍。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, sin

12、ce the remarks he made in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical “匀称的，对称的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；compatible “兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious “和谐的， 和睦的”。句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。11. 单选题The remedy proposed by Mr.

13、Maxwell is simple, easy and （ ）.问题1选项A.appreciableB.amendableC.collapsibleD.practicable【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。appreciable可评估的，相当可观的；amendable可修正的；collapsible可折叠的；practicable可实行的，行得通的。句意：Maxwell先生提出的补救办法简单而且切实可行。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on （ ）respec

14、t and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。13. 单选题Every month 3 is （ ）from our salary for house repairing payment.问题1选项A.excludedB.expelledC.

15、compelledD.docked【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。exclude “排除，排斥”；expel “开除，逐出”；compel “迫使，强迫”；dock “扣除”。句意：每个月会从我们的工资中扣除3元作为房屋维修基金。选项D符合题意。14. 单选题（ ）energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an earthquake.问题1选项A.AccumulatedB.GatheredC.AssembledD.Collected【答案】A【解析】同义词辨析题。Accumula

16、te累积，积攒，侧重于连续不断的长期的积累；Gather聚集，侧重于将分散的东西聚集到一起；Assemble集合，聚集，侧重于由于某种目的而聚集在一起；Collect收集，侧重于物品的收集，采集。句意：地下累积的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，比如地震。这里指长时间积累下来的能力，所以选项A最恰当。15. 单选题The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.问题1选项A.chairedB.sponsoredC.p

17、articipatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。16. 翻译题Marketing is important to organizations and consumers alike. It touches the lives of all members of society. All the goods and

18、services you buy, the stores where you shop and the radio and TV programs paid for by advertising are there because of marketing. Each of you has been involved in marketing activities at one time or another. Perhaps you have tried to sell a used textbook back to the campus book store or to convince

19、your parents to finance a spring vacation. You may not have known it at the time, but you were performing marketing activities. Marketing often has special importance for students. Many of you will work in marketingwhether in sales, retailing, advertising, or another field-in a for-profit firm or a

20、nonprofit organization. Through this chapter you will find some information in different areas of marketingin sales, advertising, marketing concept, marketing mix, marketing research, understanding buyer behavior, market segmentation(细分)and other areas.What does a business firm do in our economy? Re

21、duced to basics, businesses have two major functions: production of goods or creation of services and marketing those goods and services. To be successful in todays competitive marketplace, people in business realize that they must first determine peoples needs and wants, and then produce goods and

22、services to satisfy them. A company, whether it is Ford Motor Company or a small retailer, is in business to create want-satisfying goods and services for its customers. Goods and services that do not satisfy consumers are forced out from the market, since consumers do not buy them.【答案】市场营销对组织来说很重要，

23、对于消费者来说也同样重要。它涉及所有社会成员的生活。你购买的所有商品和服务，购物的商店，以及通过广告付费的广播和电视节目，都是源于市场营销。你们每个人都曾或多或少地接触过营销活动。也许你试图把一本用过的教科书卖给校园书店，或者说服你的父母为你的春节假期提供资金。你当时可能不知道，但你确实在进行营销活动。市场营销对学生来说往往具有特殊的重要性。你们中的许多人将在营利性公司或非营利性组织从事市场营销工作，无论是销售、零售、广告推销还是其他领域。经过这一时期，你会发现不同领域市场营销的一些信息，如销售、广告、营销概念、营销组合、市场调研、消费者行为分析、市场细分等其他领域。企业在我们的经济中扮演什么

24、样的角色呢？从根本上来说，企业有两个主要功能：生产商品或创造服务，以及对这些商品和服务进行市场营销。为了在当今竞争激烈的市场中取得成功，商界人士意识到他们必须首先确定人们的需求，然后生产商品和服务来满足这些需求。任何一家公司，无论是福特汽车公司还是一家小型零售商，都致力于为客户创造满足需求的商品和服务。无法让消费者满意的商品和服务将被市场淘汰，因为消费者不会购买。17. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and

25、beneficial technology would （ ）wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.ensureB.maintainC.certifyD.console【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure “保证，确保，使安全”；maintain “维持”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正匆忙进入一个空前教化的时代，在这里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以确保人们健康和有足够的休闲时间。选项A符合题意。18. 单选题In some ways, the Unites States has made spec

26、tacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18.000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky in 1977, it has been four decades since more than

27、 100 Americans dies in a fire.But even with such successes the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.American fire depart

28、ments are some of the worlds fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japans population, and 40 times as many fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. And American fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disprop

29、ortionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat fires as either a personal failing or a cr

30、ime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history, that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But

31、 the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local buildings codes now re

32、quire home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.1.The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that （ ）.2.Although the fire death rate has declined the United States（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.What aspects of fire safety and prevention

33、should the United States learn from Japan?5.To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and in other countries, the author suggests（ ）.问题1选项A.they took no interest in new technologyB.they didnt attach great importance to preventing firesC.they showed indifference to fighting f

34、iresD.they didnt spend enough money on fire facilities问题2选项A.still has the worst fire death rate in the world.B.is still alert to the fire problemC.is still training a large number of safety expertsD.is still confronted with the serious fire problem问题3选项A.fire safety lessons should be aimed at Ameri

35、can adultsB.American children have not received enough education of fire safety lessonsC.Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Unites StalesD.Americas large population accounts for high fire frequency问题4选项A.Architecture and building materialsB.Education and technologyC.Laws and atti

36、tudeD.All of the above问题5选项A.developing new technologyB.counting more on laws and social pressureC.placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD.reinforcing the safeness of household appliances【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor techn

37、ology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take fires seriously enough.（安全专家说，问题既不是金钱，也不是技术，而是一个对火灾不够重视的国家的冷漠）和第三段中的It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them.（它在预防火灾方面比在灭火中花费的要少得多）可知美国火灾多的原因是他们不够重视预防火灾，因此选B。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But even with such successes the United

38、 States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world.（但即使如此成功，美国仍然是世界上火灾死亡率最高的国家之一）可知D选项“仍然面临着严重的火灾问题”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary school. But the lessons are aimed at a too limited audience; just 9 percent of all fire deat

39、hs are caused by children playing with matches.（在美国，大部分教育费用都花在小学上。但是，这些课程的目标受众太少，只有9%的火灾死亡是由玩火柴的儿童造成的）可知A选项“消防安全课程应针对美国成年人”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyones fault. That is not so in other countries, where both public education and the

40、 law treat fires as either a personal failing or a crime.Japan has had 27 Penalties for causing a severe fire by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.（专家说，致命的错误是一种态度，即火灾不是任何人的过错。在其他国家情况并非如此，在这些国家，公共教育和法律都将火灾视为个人过失或犯罪日本已经有27项因过失引起严重火灾的处罚，最高可达无期徒刑）可知C选项“法律和态度”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。通读全文，可知作者对文章最后一段中

41、的The Unites States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure.（美国继续更多地依赖技术，而不是法律或社会压力）这种“不依靠法律或社会压力”的观点是不赞成，认为需要依靠法律和社会压力来减少美国火灾的发生，因此选B。19. 单选题I will hold you personally （ ）if anything goes wrong in this project.问题1选项A.destructiveB.liableC.diverseD.responsible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析

42、。destructive意为“破坏性的”；liable意为“（法律上）负有偿付责任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行债务等时应负法律责任或受罚；diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”；responsible意为“负责的，可靠的，有责任的”，指能熟练而出色地履行职责或完成任务，或在出差错而对其原因有争执时承担过失。句意：假如这个项目出了任何问题，我将追究你个人的责任。20. 单选题If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be （ ）to work hard, with the result that tax revenues might actually shrink问题1选项A.cultivatedB.licensedC.motivatedD.innovated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。cultivated“有教养的”；licensed“得到许可的”；motivated“有动机的”；innovated“改革的，创新的”。句意：如果商人被收太重的税，他们将不再努力工作，结果就是税收收入会缩水。选项C符合题意。