2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解21

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1、2022年考博英语-西北农林科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 填空题Every time a person eats something he makes a nutritional decision. He accepts or rejects the food available to him at home for meals or snacks. Or he selects food for himself at many places in the community,（1） supermarkets, drive-ins, restaurants, and fo

2、od counters in drug stores. These selections make a （2） in how an individual looks, how he feels, and how well he can work and play.When a good assortment of food in （3） amounts is selected and eaten, the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health and enough energy to （4） one to

3、be as active as he needs and wants to be. When choices are less than desirable, the （5） are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both.Studies of diets of individuals in the United States （6） that food selection is a highly individual matter, even among young children. Furthermore, far too m

4、any individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day and are either now （7） with the consequences or will be（8） the future.Nutritionists and （9） in allied professions have been（10） about helping people learn to select and enjoy a wide variety of food combinations that can（11） to a good

5、diet.Most people believe that they are（12） that the choices they make are good ones. After all, they are not really sick, neither are they hungry. However, their nutrition is really poor in one respect or （13） . Milk and milk products, such as cheese, ice-cream, （14） , and yogurt, are often neglecte

6、d. Then people may leave out in their diets many fruits and vegetables, （15） those that are good sources of vitamins A and C. These include dark green leafy vegetables; deep yellow vegetables; and citrus fruits and vegetables, such as cabbages, tomatoes, and green peppers.【答案】1.such as2.difference3.

7、appropriate4.allow5.consequences6.show7.living8.in9.workers10.concerned11.add up12.well-fed13.another14.buttermilk15.particularly【解析】1.前文提到“at many places in the community在社区的很多地方”，下文出现各种地方如supermarkets, drive-ins “超市、免下车餐厅”等为上文的举例，故选such as “例如”。2.前文提到“人们对食物的各种选择”，下文提到“how an individual lookswork a

8、nd play 一个人的外表工作和娱乐”等推断此处应选择difference，“make a difference 有影响、起作用” 整句话的含义为：这些选择对一个人的外表、感觉以及他工作和娱乐的能力产生了影响。3.由下文关键词“amounts数量”及句子“the consequences are more likely to be a desirable level of health.结果是更有可能获得理想的健康水平” 可推断此处应选择“适量的食物”，故选appropriate “合适的；恰当的”。4.前文提到“适量且好的食物选择更可能让人健康和有充足的能量”可推断此处应选“允许”，表示“

9、允许人们像他需要和想要的那样活跃”，故选allow “容许；允许”。5.前文提到“ When choices are less than desirable但食物选择较不理想时”，下文“are likely to be poor health or limited energy or both可能不健康或者精力有限，或者两者皆有”，根据句意知前后为因果关系，故此处选consequences“结果，后果”。6.由前文关键词“studies调查，研究”及下文“that”后的调查结果“食物选择是一个高度个性化的问题，即使在幼儿中也是如此”可推断此处选择show“显示”符合题意。7.上文提到“far

10、too many individuals of all ages are making poor choices day after day 很多各个年龄阶层的个人每天的食物选择都很糟糕”及下文关键词“with the consequences带着这些后果”可推断此处选“living生活”最符合题意。8.in the future 为固定短语“在将来”，故选“in”。整句话含义为“此外，很多各个年龄阶层的个人每天的食物选择都很糟糕，他们要么已经生活在这些糟糕选择所带来的后果中，要么将在未来遭遇这些。”9.由空格前表并列关系的连接词and “和；与”可知此处应选择与“Nutritionists营

11、养学家”同类词，选项中workers “工人；劳动者”最符合题意，故选“workers”。10.“ be concerned about关心” 为固定短语，故选concerned “关心的”。11.上文提到“a wide variety of food combinations各种各样的食物组合”可推断此处指“合计或总计”的意思，故选add up“合计；总计”符合题意。整句话的含义为：营养学家和相关专业的工作人员一直在关注帮助人们学会选择和享受各种各样的食物组合，这些食物组合可以构成好的饮食。12.下文提到“that the choices they make are good ones.认为

12、自己的食物选择是很好的”及“However, their nutrition is really poor.然而，他们的营养实际上很不好”可推断此处含义为“很多人认为他们营养充足”，故选well-fed “营养充足的”。13.in one respect“表示在一个方面”，or “或者；或”表示并列关系，由此可推断another “另外的”符合题意。整句话的含义为：然而，他们的营养在某方面实际上很不好。14.此处为对“Milk and milk products牛奶及牛奶制品” 举例，选项中只有buttermilk “脱脂牛奶”符合题意，故选“buttermilk”。15.前文提到 “Then

13、 people may leave out in their diets many fruits and vegetables 然后是人们可能在自己的食物中漏掉很多水果和蔬菜”，下文中 those that are good sources of vitamins A and C，那些富含维他命A与C的水果和蔬菜”可推断此处表示“特别是那些常含维他命A与C的水果和蔬菜”，选项中particularly “特别地”符合题意。2. 单选题When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, Native Amer

14、icans were living in the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains. Before long, the Indians had been moved to missions and the land which Hollywood now occupies was divided in two by the Spanish Government. Acreage to the west became part of Rancho La Brea and settlements to the East became Rancho Los

15、Feliz.By the 1870s an agricultural community flourished in the area and crops ranging from hay and grain to subtropical bananas and pineapples were thriving. During the 1880s, the Ranchos were sub-divided. In 1886, H. H. Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened Hollywood

16、. Within a few years, Wilcox had devised a grid plan for his new community, paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to Wealthy Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could winter in California.Prospect Avenue soon became a pres

17、tigious residential street populated with large Queen Anne, Victorian, and Mission Revival houses. Mrs. Daeida Wilcox raised funds to build churches, schools and a library and Hollywood quickly became a complete and prosperous community. The community incorporated in 1903, but its independence was s

18、hort-lived, as the lack of water forced annexation in 1910 to the city of Los Angeles, which had a surplus supply of water.In 1911, the Nestor Company opened Hollywoods first film studio in an old tavern on the comer of Sunset and Gower. Not long thereafter Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began

19、making movie in the area drawn to the community for its open space and moderate climate.The needs of this thriving new industry created radical changes in the community, causing a clash between older and newer residents. Acres of agricultural land south of what-is-now Hollywood Boulevard were subdiv

20、ided and developed as housing for the enormous numbers of workers that movie-making required.High-rise commercial buildings began to spring up along Hollywood Boulevard, three competing real-estate interests caused concentrations of development at Highland, Cahuenga, and at Vine. It wasnt long befor

21、e nearly all the homes along the Boulevard were replaced by commercial buildings linking the three comers.Banks, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces sprang up, catering to the demands of the burgeoning film industry during the 1920s and 1930s. The architectural styles of the buildings were represen

22、tative of those most popular between the World Wars. Banks were typically designed in the more formal Beaux Arts styles, but other buildings in the community took on more playful personalitiesThe ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywoods self-conscious extravagance while the new

23、 Art Deco and Modern styles fit the communitys aspirations for glamour and sophistication.Hollywood has been anything but static, however, and after a few decades as the capital of film glamour, the neighborhood changed again. Although much of the studio work remained in Hollywood, many stars moved

24、to Beverly Hills, and the elegant shops and restaurants left with them.In the 1960s, music recording studios and offices began moving to Hollywood, an offshoot of the nightclubs further west on Sunset Boulevard. Other businesses, however, continued to migrate to different parts of the city. Hollywoo

25、d today is a diverse, vital and active community striving to preserve the elegant buildings from its past. Much of the movie industry remains in the area, although the neighborhoods outward appearance has changed.In 1985, the Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially l

26、isted in the National Register of Historic Places protecting the neighborhoods important buildings and seeing to it that the significance of Hollywoods past would always be a part of its future.1.The area now known as Hollywood was first inhabited by Native Americans. T/F2.By the 1870s, people who s

27、ettled down in that area began to grow all kinds of crops and fruit. T/F3.Wilcox bought an area of Rancho La Brea and named it Hollywood after his wife. T/F4.Wealthy Midwesterners bought residential lots along the Prospect Avenue to build winter homes in California. T/F5.Hollywood had to become part

28、 of the city of Los Angeles because of its short supply of water. T/F6.Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movies in Hollywood before Nestor Company opened its first film studio there. T/F7.The thriving Film industry in the 1920s and 1930s led to the appearance of large numbers of banks

29、, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces in Hollywood. T/F8.The ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywoods aspirations for glamour and sophistication. T/F9.Hollywood has remained in constant change. T/F10.Hollywood Boulevard commercial and entertainment district was officially list

30、ed in the National Register of Historic Places to protect its old but elegant buildings.T/F问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】1.该表述的含义为“这个地区现在被称为好莱坞，首先居住的是美洲原住民。”原文第

31、一段中提到 “When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, Native Americans were living in the canyons of the Santa Monica Mountains. 当西班牙探险家第一次进入现在被称为好莱坞的地区时，美洲土著人住在圣莫尼卡山脉的峡谷里”可推断该陈述不正确。2.该表述的含义为“到了19世纪70年代，定居在那个地区的人开始种植各种作物和水果。” 原文第二段提到 “By the 1870s an agricultural community flo

32、urished in the area and crops ranging from hay and grain to subtropical bananas and pineapples were thriving. 在19世纪70年代，一个农业社区在这个地区蓬勃发展，从干草和谷物到亚热带香蕉和菠萝等作物都在蓬勃发展。”可推断该表述中的“all kinds of crops and fruits所有种类的农作物及水果”与原文内容不符；故该表述不正确。3.该表述的含义为“威尔考克斯买下了兰乔拉布雷亚的一个地区，并以他的妻子命名为好莱坞。”，原文第二段提到“In 1886, H. H. Wilc

33、ox bought an area of Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened Hollywood. 1886年，H.H.Wilcox买下了Rancho La Brea的一片土地，随后他的妻子将其命名为“好莱坞”，可知并非以妻子的名字命名，而是他妻子为该地区命名为“好莱坞”，由此知该陈述不正确。4.该表述的含义为“富有的中西部人沿着前景大道买了很多住宅，在加利福尼亚建造冬季住宅。” 原文第二段提到“Within a few years, Wilcox had devised a grid plan for his new community,

34、 paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to Wealthy Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could winter in California.几年内，威尔科克斯为他的新社区设计了一个网格计划，为他的主要街道铺设了前景大道（现在是好莱坞大道），并向富有的中西部人出售大量住宅，希望建造房屋，以便他们可以“在加利福尼亚过冬”可推断该表述正确。5.该表述的含义为“由

35、于水供应短缺，好莱坞不得不成为洛杉矶的一部分”，原文第三段提到“.as the lack of water forced annexation in 1910 to the city of Los Angeles, which had a surplus supply of water.由于缺水，1910年好莱坞社区不得不并到洛杉矶市，因为水供应过剩”，可推断该表述正确。6.该表述的含义为“在内斯托公司在好莱坞开设第一家电影制片厂之前，Cecil B.De Mille和D.W.Griffith就开始在好莱坞制作电影”，原文第四段提到 “In 1911, the Nestor Company o

36、pened Hollywoods first film studio in an old tavern on the corner of Sunset and Gower. 1911年，内斯托公司在日落大道和高尔街拐角处的一个老酒馆里开设了好莱坞的第一个电影制片厂。及“Not long thereafter Cecil B.DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movie in the area 随后不久，Cecil B.DeMille和D. W. Griffith也开始在此地拍摄电影。”可推断“Cecil B.DeMille和D. W. Griffi

37、th在好莱坞拍摄电影是在Nestor公司来好莱坞开设第一个电影工作室之后发生 的”，故该表述不正确。7.该表述的含义为“二十世纪二三十年代蓬勃发展的电影业导致好莱坞出现了大量的银行、餐馆、俱乐部和电影院。”原文第七段提到“Banks, restaurants, clubs and movie palaces sprang up, catering to the demands of the burgeoning film industry during the 1920s and 1930s. 银行、餐馆、俱乐部和电影宫殿层出不穷，迎合了二十世纪二三十年代新兴电影业的需求”可推断该表述正确。8

38、.该表述的含义为“装饰性的西班牙殖民复兴风格反映了好莱坞对魅力和高雅的渴望。”原文第八段提到 “The ornamental Spanish Colonial Revival style reflected Hollywoods self-conscious extravagance西班牙殖民复兴风格的装饰性体现好莱坞的自我意识奢侈”可推断该表述不正确。9.该表述的含义为“好莱坞一直在不断变化。”，原文第九段提到“Hollywood has been anything but static,.好莱坞一直都不是静态的”及文中提及的好莱坞在各个时期的变化知该表述正确。10.该表述的含义为“好莱坞大

39、道的商业和娱乐区被正式列入国家史迹名录，以保护其古老而优雅的建筑。”原文最后一段提到“.protecting the neighborhoods important buildings and seeing to it that the significance of Hollywoods past would always be a part of its future.保护住宅区内的重要建筑，让人们记住好莱坞的过去的重要意义将永远是其将来的一部分”可推断该表述不正确。3. 单选题I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for th

40、e last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night w

41、hen I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood an

42、d how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “beautiful”. She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understo

43、od me (I dont speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asi

44、a. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the

45、soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last otter I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too gene

46、rous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stay

47、ed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as thought it stayed behind in marketplace. I left tears in my throat, I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without kn

48、owing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. So

49、mething falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the cradle light to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spir

50、it, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1.The author of the story has been in sleep for the last few weeks.2.A woman in the marketplace comes into my mind because she reminded me of my childhood.3.The woman was selling skirts with designs of

51、squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk.4.The author could speak some Laotian though she did not speak it well.5.Bargaining is a custom in Asia and the author did not know how to do it.6.The author had wanted to buy one skirt, but she ended up with three because the skirts were so c

52、heap and pretty.7.The author felt happy after the purchase because she had paid for the skirts at the price set so that the woman could make some money through this large purchase.8.The author surely comes from another part of Asia because she knows how to behave well in local culture.9.The woman in

53、 the market actually understood the author perfectly and knew very well that she liked those ribbons.10.The author cried eventually when she looked at the skirts because she was deeply moved by the womans generous spirit.问题1选项A.TB.F问题2选项A.TB.F问题3选项A.TB.F问题4选项A.TB.F问题5选项A.TB.F问题6选项A.TB.F问题7选项A.TB.F问题

54、8选项A.TB.F问题9选项A.TB.F问题10选项A.TB.F【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:A【解析】1.根据题干定位到文章第一段中的 I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes.译为：在过去的几个星期，我一直都害怕入睡。 终于我实在是因为太累而入睡了，但是却也只是眯了几分钟。可知此题应选择F。2.根据题干定位到文章第三段

55、 “In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood.”译为：在她的头发中有三个丝带，分别是蓝色、绿色和 白色。这让我想起了童年的美好时光。因此题干表述错误，是姑娘头上的丝带让作者想到了童年的美好时光，而不是姑娘本身，选F。3.由题干可定位到文章第五段 “I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of p

56、ink and green silk.” 译为：我重新把目光投向裙子，这些裙子上面粉红色和绿色丝带呈现出方形、三角形和圆形。题干表述正确，故选T。4.由题干可定位到文章第四段中 “I dont speak Laotian very well”中文翻译为：我的老挝语说得不好。以及第六段中 “She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers.” 中文翻译为：对于我能说一些他们国家的语言她感到非常开心，虽然我说的只是一些数字。可推断出作者能够说一些

57、老挝语，虽然说得不怎么好，故选T。5.根据题干定位到文章中第五段 “I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia.”，中文翻译为“我决定将其中的一条裙子实回 去，并且开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲国家，讨价还价是一种习俗”。因此可知题干的前半部分表述正确，后半部分错误。故选F。6.根据题干定位到文章中第六段 “The price was too low. She was being too generou

58、s and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.”，中文翻译为：这个价格实在是太低了。她太慷慨了，几乎赚不到什么钱。担心她因为我买得多而再次降低价格，我迅速地再挑了两条裙子，付钱，然后离开。可以推测出作者是因为觉得价格太低了想要补偿，于是多买了两条。题干表述错误，故选F。7.根据题

59、干定位到文章中第六段 “for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.”中文翻译为：这是数月以来我第一次感到精神放松，几乎感到有些高兴。再联系上一题的分析。可以得知题干表述正确，选T。8.题干的中文翻译为：作者肯定来自亚洲的另一个地方，因为她知道在当地文化中如何举止得体。而文章内容并没有提及到该方面，故选F。9.题干的中文翻译为：市场上的女人其实完全理解作者，而且知道得很清楚作者喜欢那些丝带。根据文章内容可知这是正确的，故选T。10.题干的中文翻译为：当作者最终看到裙子时哭了，因为她被这个女人的慷慨精神深

60、深感动。从文章中最后一段中 “There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry.”中文翻译为：对于她这种慷慨精神毫无防御，这次我哭了可知作者最终是因为被这位老挝姑娘的慷慨精神深深感动，故选T。4. 单选题A Professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him. When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayo

61、nnaise jar and proceeded to fill it with golf balls. He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.So the Professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured them into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls. He then

62、 asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.The Professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else. He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous Yes.The Professor then produced two

63、cans of beer from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.“Now,” said the Professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life.”The golf balls are the important

64、 thingsyour family, your children, your health, your friends, your favorite passions things that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full.The pebbles are the other things that matter like your job, your house, your car. The sand is everything elsethe small stuff.“If you put the sand into the jar first”, he continued, there is no room for the pebbles or the golf balls. The same