2022-2023年考博英语-暨南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第5期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-暨南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Your letter arrived after the final date for application,（ ）we cant consider you for this job.问题1选项A.consequentlyB.remarkablyC.fluentlyD.alarmingly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项consequently“因此，所以”；B选项remarkably“显著地，非常地”；C选项fluently“流利地，通畅地”；D选项alarmingly“惊人地，让人担忧地”。句意：你的信到的

2、时候已经过了申请的最后期限，所以我们无法让你做这份工作。后半句是前半句事情导致的结果，是因果关系，所以A选项Consequently“因此，所以”正确。因此A选项符合题意。2. 翻译题Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, e

3、ducation and religion. Although the foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance in

4、corporated a number of dominant ideals and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It w

5、as a term derived from Cicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man.【答案】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。尽管这些文化形式的基础都来自古典主义，但它们很快繁荣起来，并摆脱了希腊、 罗马的影响。事实上，绘画、科学、政治和宗教上的很多成就与古典文化遗产都没有什么关系。其次，文艺复兴包含了许多鲜明的观点和态度，使其所处的社会呈现出

6、独特的风貌，大体上这些中值得注意的是乐观主义和个人主义，但所有这些中最重要的还是人文主义。在最宽泛的意义上，人文主义可以被定义为对人的价值的强调。这个词出自西赛罗，他曾用该词来表达对自由艺术的投入或与人类尊严最一致的主题。3. 单选题The secretary was harshly（ ）by her boss for misplacing some important files.问题1选项A.rebukedB.teasedC.washedD.accused【答案】A【解析】本题是动词辨析题。rebuked“指责”；teased“取笑，戏弄”；washed“洗涤”；accused“控告”，根

7、据for后面的内容“误放了重要文件”，可知这位秘书会被老板责备，此处应该使用动词rebuke的过去分词rebuked，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这位秘书因为误放了重要文件而被老板严厉指责了。4. 单选题A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at least 50 on the spot. According to the Northen Railway spokesman, the death（ ）is expected to rise.问题1选项A.figureB.tol

8、lC.spanD.yield【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。figure“数字；人物”；toll“通行费；代价；伤亡人数”；span“跨度；范围”；yield“产量；收益”，此处death toll是表示“伤亡人数”的惯用说法。句意：一列运输奢侈品的火车脱轨掉在了印度东部的一座桥梁上，当地至少50人因为这次事件死亡。据北方铁路发言人说，死亡人数预计将上升。故正确答案为选项B。5. 单选题With their modern, lightweight boat, they soon（ ）the older vessels in the race.问题1选项A.overranB.exceeded

9、C.outstrippedD.caught up【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词辨析。overran“超过（范围）”；exceeded“超过，超越（数量，限制）”；outstripped“超过，赶上”；caught up“追上，赶上（接名词时跟with连用）”，此处指的是在比赛中超过，赶上别人，所以可以排除选项A、B，此处如果使用catch up的话后面应该加with，用catch up with的形式，故正确答案为选项C。6. 单选题After an（ ）tour performance, the actress decided to fly to Hawaii to have a ful

10、l relaxation.问题1选项A.generousB.exhaustingC.favoriteD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Having decided to rent a flat we（ ）contacting all t

11、he accommodation agencies in the city.问题1选项A.set outB.set toC.set aboutD.set off【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。set out“动身；着手做某事”；set to“开始做某事”；set about“开始做某事”；set off“出发；动身”，set to后面应该接动词原形，此句中的动词是用的现在分词形式，所以可以排除选项B；选项D是“出发，动身去某地”的意思， 不符合此处的语境；set out一般与不定式to do连用，所以可以排除选项A，故正确答案为选项C。8. 单选题Most men hold a s

12、tereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（ ）mind.问题1选项A.compassionateB.fragileC.stubbornD.fatal【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中 mind

13、与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。9. 不定项选择题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice Network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to co

14、nsider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles,

15、 whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms to defend thems

16、elves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in selfdefensea preposterous number. Lott claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firea

17、rms to deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the year between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year. He reports only regressio

18、n models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment.Contrary to Kleck and Lott, Bellesiles insists that guns and Americas “gun culture

19、” are responsible for Americas high rate of murder. In Bellevilles opinion, relatively few Americans owned guns before the 1850s or know how to use, maintain, or repair them. As a result, he says, guns contributed little to the homicide rate, especially among whites, which was low everywhere, even i

20、n the South and on the frontier, where historians once assumed gun and murder went hand in hand. According to Bellesiles, these patterns changed dramatically after the Mexican War and especially after the Civil War, when gun ownership became widespread and cultural changes encouraged the use of hand

21、guns to command respect and resolve personal and political disputes. The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. To this day, the United States has the highest homicide rate of any industrial democracy. Bellesiless low estimates of gun ownership in early Am

22、erica conflict, however, with those of every historian who has previously studied the subject and has thus far proven irreproducible. Every homicide statistic he presents is either misleading or wrong.Given the influence of Kleck, Lott, Bellesiles and other partisan scholars on the debate over gun c

23、ontrol and gun rights, we felt a need to pull together what social science historians have learned to date about the history of gun ownership and gun violence in America, and to consider what research methods and projects might increase our knowledge in the near future.1. Which of the following stat

24、ement is true about the public debate over gun control?2. The author mentions Kleck, Lott, and Bellesiles mainly to（ ）.3. The authors main criticism of John Lott is that he（ ）.4. With which of the following will Bellesiles most probably agree?5. The passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.It h

25、as little influence on the forum sponsored by the Crime and Justice Network.B.Neither supporters nor opponents of gun control cite the works of scholars.C.The works of mainstream social scientists have great impact on it.D.Many social science historians have so far failed to take part in it.问题2选项A.i

26、llustrate the influence they have on the issue of gun controlB.refute the claim that private ownership of firearms will deter violent crimesC.support the thesis that gun ownership leads to more violenceD.demonstrate why research methods should be improved in the study of the gun ownership history问题3

27、选项A.advocates private ownership of firearmsB.is not objective in his analysisC.has analyzed a wrong periodD.has cited dubious statistics问题4选项A.Gun control should be tightened.B.Guns have little to do with murder.C.“Gun culture” was the result of high homicide rates in America.D.The statistics that e

28、arlier historians produced of gun ownership is reliable.问题5选项A.resolving a public dispute over gun controlB.describing the effects of earlier studies on gun controlC.analyzing the flaws in the previous theories about gun controlD.summarizing the recent development in the studies of gun control【答案】第1

29、题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。下面哪一个关于公众对枪支的控制的陈述是正确的？选项A “它对犯罪与司法网创建的论坛的影响很小”；选项B“枪支控制的支持者和反对者都没有引用 学者的观点”；选项C“主流社会科学家的观点对其有很大的影响”；选项D“许多社会科学历史学家目前不能够参与其中”，根据文章第一段中“It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians 它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导”，可知社会科学历史学家对犯罪与司法网所创建的论坛的影响极大，由此可知其对民众的看

30、法也具有很大的影响，可知正确答案为选项C。第2题:推理判断题。作者提到Kleck，Lott和Bellesiles是为了，选项A“说明他们对枪支控制问题上的影响力”；选项B“反驳个人拥有枪火会阻止暴力犯罪这个观点”；选项C “支持枪支所有权会带来犯罪这个理论”；选项D“论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善”，根据文章第一段中“It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael

31、 Bellesiles, whose work, despite propound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. 它被主流的社会科学家和历史学家所主导，尤其是Gary Kleck，John Lott，和Michael Bellesiles这样的学者，他们的理论尽管存在缺陷，但还是被枪支控制问题的反对者和支持者在政治上所拥护”，可知这些学者的观点都存在其缺陷，之后作者在介绍他们的观点的时候也会强调他们的观点所存在的一些问题，文章最后一段中得出结论我们需要运用更好的

32、研究方式，了解更多关于枪支使用权的历史知识来更好地了解这个问题，所以作者引用Kleck，Lott和 Bellesile是为了论证为何枪支所有权的历史研究的研究方法需要改善，故正确答案为选项D。第3题:推理判断题。对John Lott的主要批评是什么，选项A“提倡私人拥有枪支”；选项B“不是客观的分析”；选项C“分析了一个错误的时间”；选项D“引用了可疑的数据”， 根据文章第一段末尾“He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that echo of those models

33、 find a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment. 他只报道了支持他的理论的回归模型而没有提及那些模型所反映出来的暴力犯罪与实际收入之间呈正相关，与失业问题呈反相关的问题”，由此可知John Lott的理论不够客观，忽略了很多相关的因素，故正确答案为选项B。第4题:推理判断题。Bellesiles最有可能同意以下哪个观点？选项A“应该加强枪支控制”；选项B“枪支和谋杀没有任何

34、关系”；选项C“枪支文化是美国杀人率高的原因”；选项D“早期的历史学家提供的关于拥有枪支的数据是值得信赖的”，根据文章第二段中“The result was an unprecedented wave of gun-related homicides that never truly abated. 结果是前所未有的与枪支相关的杀人案，从来没有真正缓解”，可知Bellesiles会同意的观点是枪支提高了杀人率，故正确答案为选项C。第5题:主旨大意题。这篇文章主要关于选项A“解决公共争端枪支管制”；选项B “描述了早期的研究对枪支管制的影响”；选项C“分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷”；选项D“总

35、结枪支控制的研究在近几年内的发展”，这篇文章首先在第一段中作者就提出主流的社会科学家与历史学家的理论存在一些缺陷，并且在分析各学者的观点的时候都指出了这些缺陷，结尾也提出我们需要改善研究方法，所以这篇文章主要是为了分析先前关于枪支控制的理论缺陷，故正确答案为选项C。10. 单选题A week later, （ ）actions were taken to control the inflation, which caused riots all over the country.问题1选项A.desperateB.ambivalentC.ambiguousD.deliberate【答案】D【解

36、析】考查形容词辨析。A选项desperate“拼命的，绝望的”；B选项ambivalent“矛盾的”；C选项ambiguous“模棱两可的”；D选项deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”。句意：一周后，政府采取了深思熟虑的措施来控制造成全国混乱的通货膨胀。此处填入空格的形容词修饰actions（措施，行动）。由句意可知一周之后才采取措施，那肯定是经过深思熟虑的，D选项“深思熟虑的措施”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此D选项正确。11. 单选题Last week the financial manager asked for a（ ）to Beijing branch, which was

37、just set up three months ago.问题1选项A.transferB.transmissionC.transformationD.transport【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijin

38、g branch, 因此A选项正确。12. 单选题When we credit the successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall（ ）in all three.问题1选项A.rareB.lackingC.shortD.scarce【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配辨析。rare“稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的”；lacking“缺乏的；没有的；不足的”；short“短的；不足的；矮的”；scarce“缺乏的；

39、不足的；稀有的”，这四个词是同义词，都有“缺乏的”的意思，但是这里fall short是一个固定搭配，表示“不足；缺乏”。句意：当我们认为成功的人具有智慧、强健的体魄和好运时，我们只是在为我们以上三种因素而找借口。故正确答案为选项C。13. 单选题The famous artist, when asked on the news release for his recent works, his success to diligence and intelligence（ ）.问题1选项A.contributedB.attributedC.devotedD.dedicated【答案】B【解析】

40、考查动词辨析。A选项contributed“有助于，贡献”；B选项attributed“把归因于，归结”；C选项devoted“献身于，致力于”；D选项dedicated“把奉献给”。句意：这位著名的艺术家在新闻发布会上被问到他最近的作品时，他把他的成功都归功于勤奋和聪明。由空格前diligence and intelligence（勤奋和聪明）以及success（成功）的逻辑关系可知是成功归因于勤奋和聪明，所以B选项意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。14. 不定项选择题The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pur

41、e crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as “boars” and “carbonado” are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious st

42、ones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the middle Ages it became widespread in north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with i

43、ts edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name “boast” is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called “industr

44、ial” diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they are cut and polished.Every diamond

45、has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. A fully cut “brilliant” diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones are fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fi

46、ne diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colors, or “w

47、ater” as it is called. The usual coolers of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue. Surrounding rocks and take on their color, thus black, red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial

48、diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists drills. They are used as

49、 bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it in your wristwatch!1. “Carbonado” is the name given to（ ）.2. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until（ ）.3. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders（

50、）.4. The value order of water in diamond（ ）.5. Industrial diamonds are used（ ）.问题1选项A.only the very best diamondsB.lumps of pure carbonC.Spanish diamondsD.diamonds made up of many small crystals问题2选项A.the fourteenth centuryB.the fifteenth centuryC.the sixteenth centuryD.the seventeenth century问题3选项A

51、.to facilitate accurate cuttingB.to make them shine more brilliantlyC.so that they can revolve more easilyD.as a steel holder might damage the diamond问题4选项A.is more important than their colorB.ranges from blue-white upwardsC.ranges from blue white downwardsD.has never been reliably established问题5选项A

52、.for a wide range of purposesB.mainly for dentists drillsC.for decoration in rings and watchesD.principally in mass-produced jewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中 “Less perfect forms, known as boars and carbon ado a

53、re clusters of tiny crystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when. 然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺

54、在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架 会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixed into copper holders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve 一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度

55、。第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“depends greatly on their color, or water as it is called 很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的水度”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用

56、途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”， 根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。15. 不定项选择题In foreign transport today the most popular and common kind of packing

57、 material is foam（泡沫）plastic. Before its coming in the 1950s, however, people used wood, paper, sponge and cotton as wrappers. Wood and paper were not resistible enough to intense shocks that were inevitable during long distance transport; cotton and sponge cost too much to be wrappers for ordinary

58、goods like glass, porcelain etc. Often delicate goods were put in a wooden trunk; on each side and end there was a layer of sponge, every individual object then was wrapped by a thick layer of paper or cotton. This was very safe indeed, but the packing and unpacking meant a great deal of labour and

59、a waste of a lot of money.The arrival of foam plastic almost brought a revolution to the worlds packing industry. Today it accounts for three quarters of packing materials for delicate goods while cotton and sponge have nearly withdrawn from the modern stage of packaging. This is nothing accidental:

60、 for one thing it is as cheap as dirt itself; one ton of foam plastic, which occupies a space of as much as 1000 m, amounts to only US $260. It is softer than wood, and harder than cotton and sponger and paper, and therefore a more suitable wrapper for delicate goods. What is more, it can be easily

61、shaped but its shape is unchangeable so that delicate goods like cameras with their intruding（外凸的）parts, musical instruments with their irregular shapes and extreme delicacy can be completely wrapped and well protected in it without additional fillings. Still another advantage is that the foam plast

62、ic wrapper can be used to safeguard your objects as long as it lasts: You buy a TV set in the super market. The foam plastic wrapper protects it on the way to your home. When you move home ten years later, the same wrapper can be picked out from the box at the corner of your barn and used to safegua

63、rd your TV set to your new home.1. What kind of material is foam plastic?2. Where did intense shocks often occur?3. Why were cotton and sponge not good wrappers for ordinary goods?4. What was the usual container of delicate goods before?5. Why is foam plastic so popular? The following are the reasons except?问题1选项A.The cheapestB.The most popularC.The safestD.The hardest问题2选项A.During long distance transp