2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1

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1、2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The old couple decided to（ ）a boy though they had three children own.问题1选项A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adapt“（使）适应，改编”，常用“adapt oneself to sth. 适应”；B选项bring“带来”；C选项receive“收到”；D选项adopt“采纳，收养，选定”。句意：虽然这对老夫妇已经有了三个孩子，但他们还是决定（ ）一个男孩。这里要表达的意思是“领

2、养一个男孩”，因此D选项正确。2. 翻译题1924年，第一届冬季奥运会开幕，比赛内容涵盖了多项适合冬季的运动项目。最初的奥运会所指的是我们所说的夏季奥运会。1968年，专门为残疾人举办的第一届特奥会在美国开幕。特奥会与奥运会的概念相似，不同的是，在1993年以前，它一直都是在美国举办的。【答案】The first Winter Olympic Games is held in 1924, the content of which includes various kinds of winter sports. The initial O1ympic Games refer to Summer

3、Olympic Games. In 1968, the first Olympics Games for the disabled, named Special Olympics Games was held in America, which has a similar concept with Olympic Games. However, what makes the Special Olympics Games different is that it had been held in America before 1993.3. 单选题It is important that the

4、 hotel receptionist（ ）that guests are registered correctly.问题1选项A.has made sureB.made sureC.must make sureD.make sure【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。It is important that.句式中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should通常省略。因此A、B、C的表达是错误的，D选项符合题意。4. 单选题If you want to（ ）a pleasant visit, find out as much as possib

5、le about the manners and customs of your country.问题1选项A.secureB.assureC.insureD.ensure【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项secure“保护，弄到”；B选项assure“保证，担保”；C选insure“给保险”；D选项ensure“确保，使安全”。句意：如果你想（ ）一个愉快的访问，就尽可能多地了解礼仪和贵国的风俗习惯。这里表达的含义是“确保有一个愉快的访问”，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he（ ）

6、himself.问题1选项A.exposedB.revealedC.betrayedD.disclosed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exposed“暴露，揭露”；B选项revealed“透露，显示”；C选项betrayed“出卖，背叛”；D选项disclosed“公开”。这里考查了固定搭配betray oneself“原形毕露”，句意：这个人伪装得很好，但一说话就（ ）了自己。这里说的是“一说话就暴露了自己”，因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题You（ ）him so closely; you should have kept your distance.问题1选项A.shouldn

7、t have been followingB.shouldnt followC.mustnt followD.couldnt have been following【答案】A【解析】考查了虚拟语气，并且是与过去事实相反的虚拟。是对发生在过去的事实进行虚拟，因此要用完成时，排除B、C；couldnt have done something的意思是不能做某事而做了某事。shouldnt have done something 意思是不应该做某事而做了某事，句子的意思是不应该跟得紧而应该保持距离，因此A选项符合题意。7. 单选题The decline in moral standardswhich

8、has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans, And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is

9、 reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and Individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,” Ms Elshtain says.Some

10、of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss

11、 of morality topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U. S. And Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that: Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a highe

12、r moral standard is not a lament（挽歌）for some nonexistent “golden age,” Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful（一厢情愿的）longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to co

13、unter the materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought.”1.Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans（ ）.2.The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by（ ）.3.Which of the following characterizes the traditional

14、 communities?4.In the 1950s, classroom violence（ ）.5.According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed（ ）.问题1选项A.have adapted to a new set of moral standardsB.are longing for the return of the good old daysC.have realized the importance of material thingsD.are awakening to the lowerin

15、g of their moral standards问题2选项A.its growing wealthB.the self-centeredness of individualsC.underestimating the impact of social changesD.the prejudice against women and minorities问题3选项A.Great mobilityB.Emphasis on individual effortC.Concern for ones neighborsD.Ever-weakening social bonds问题4选项A.as so

16、mething unheard ofB.attracted a lot of public attentionC.was by no means a rare occurrenceD.began to appear in analysts data问题5选项A.if people can return to the “golden age”B.when women and men enjoy equal rightsC.when people rid themselves of prejudiceD.if less emphasis is laid on material things【答案】

17、第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第一段的第一二句话The decline in moral standardswhich has long concerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans（道德标准的下降长期以来一直困扰着社会分析人士终于引起了普通美国人的注意。）后文说Jean Bethke Elshtain对于这个很开心，由此可知D选项“意识到他们道德标准的降低”正确。A、B、C在原文都没有提到，因此排除。2.推理判断题。

18、由题干关键词定位到文章第三段第二句话Materialism and Individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles.（美国社会的物质主义和个人主义是最大的障碍。）从这句可以看出物质主义和个人主义这两点是美国社会最大的障碍，也是引发道德衰落的原因，由此可知B选项“个人的自我中心”正确。而对物质财富的崇尚，和财富本身的增长没有直接联系，因此A选项错误；C选项出现在第三段的第一句the challenge is not to be underestimated（挑战不应被低估），这里的挑战就是指的Materialism和indi

19、vidualism，但是选项把challenge换成了change，因此属于偷换概念，C选项错误；D选项出现在倒数第二段，根据篇章分析对这一段的说明，这种歧视现象是过去那个道德水平较高时代的现象，因此绝不会是它引起了现今道德水平的下降，因此D选项也错误。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到第四段Some of this can be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says.（她说，这在一定程度上可以归因于

20、传统社区的解体，在传统社区中，邻居们互相照顾。）由此可见，对邻居的关照是传统社区的特点，因此C选项“对邻居的关心”正确。A选项体现在With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.（随着当今社会流动性的增强，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，这种纽带已经被削弱，取而代之的是对自我的更加强调。）这里提到了高流动性，高流动性实际应该是指人口居住地不断变化，邻居之间相处时间不会很长，也就无法

21、培养良好关系，当然也不会互相关心互相照料。可以说A 是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是双职工夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有机会和邻居交往），而B和D都是现今社会的特点，不是传统社区的特点，因此A、B、D不对。4.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到第五段Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers（数据显示，美国人正艰难应对问题闻所未闻的1950

22、年代，如课堂暴力和高速率的未婚母亲。）开头是“数据表明”，后面是数据所显示的内容。Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s，美国人正在同许多问题做斗争，这些问题在五十年代闻所未闻（unheard of），such as表示例举，说明classroom violence是problems的一个例子，由此可得A选项“是闻所未闻的”正确。C的说法与A正好相反，by no means，绝非；rare，极少，双重否定等于肯定，也就是说班级暴力在五十年代经常发生，是错误的；B的说法与A相互矛盾，既然闻所未闻，也就不可能投入

23、关注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班级暴力肯定存在于分析家的数据中，因为句头就有data show。但要注意，题目的开头有一句In the 1950s，也就是说班级暴力进入分析家的数据是在50年代。班级暴力在那时尚且闻所未闻，当然是不可能进入分析数据的。5.事实细节题。由题干关键词可以直接定位到最后一段，Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the materialism in society（除非人们找到对抗社会上物质主义的方法，否则道德滑坡是不会逆转的。）因此D选项“如果不太重视物质的东西”正

24、确。A和C都是没有提到的，B选项不是它的条件。8. 单选题The government has devoted a larger slice of its national（ ）to agriculture than most other countries.问题1选项A.resourcesB.potentialC.budgetD.economy【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项resources“资源”；B选项potential“潜力”；C选项budget“预算”；D选项economy“经济”。句意：该国政府投入农业的财政（ ）比其他大多数国家都多。此处表达的意思是“财政预算比其他国家多

25、”，因此C选项符合题意。9. 写作题Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Pros Cons of Buying a Car in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.有人赞成买私家车有人反对买私家车我的看法【答案】略10. 单选题The survival（ ）of some wild animals is not very high as they ar

26、e ruthlessly hunted for their skins.问题1选项A.ratioB.rateC.scaleD.standard【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ratio“比例，比率”；B选项rate“进度，速度”，A项指的是两个量的比值，强调相比、相除的关系，B项指的是比率，速度，率等，如“tax rate税率”、“crime rate犯罪率”；这个句子中的生存率指的是“野生动物的存活数量和死亡的野生动物数量之比”，是两个数量之比，所以A项更符合。句意：一些野生动物的存活率不是很高，因为它们被残酷地猎杀以获取皮毛。；C选项scale“规模”；D选项standard“标准，

27、水准”。因此A选项符合题意。11. 单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）between an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.analogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B

28、选项符合题意。12. 单选题The gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。13. 单选题B

29、usiness in this area has been（ ） because prices are too high.问题1选项A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；B选项secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C选项slack“松弛的，萧条的”；D选项shrill“尖锐的，刺耳的”。句意：由于价格太高，这个地区的生意（ ）。本句表达的意思是“价格太高，所以这里的生意很萧条”，因此C选项符合题意。14. 单选题This problem should be discusse

30、d first for it takes（ ） over all the other issues.问题1选项A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precedence“优先，居先”；B选项prosperity“繁荣，成功”；C选项presumption“放肆，傲慢”；D选项probability“可能性，机率”。句意：这个问题应该（ ）讨论，因为它比其他问题都重要。本句表示的是“这个问题应该优先讨论”，因此A选项符合题意。15. 单选题W. Somerset Maugham afterward

31、s walked the wards of St. Thomass Hospital（ ）practicing in medicine.问题1选项A.with a view toB.with regards toC.with the aim atD.with the object for【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项with a view to“着眼于，考虑到，意在，以为目的”，表示会尽力去完成自己所追求的这件事；B选项with regards to“关于，至于”；C选项with the aim at“为了”，aim常指短期内的目标，往往比较具体、实际、明确，不是理想性的，努力程度一般

32、；D选项with the object for“目的是”，object常指比较明确具体的单个目标，往往出于直接的需要和愿望，没有明确表明是否会尽力。句意：后来，W.萨默塞特毛姆走进圣托马斯医院的病房，（ ）行医。而毛姆是想要迫切做好这件事的，因此A选项符合题意。16. 单选题The intelligence department was accused, of failure to（ ）the troops to the possibility of an enemy attack during the weekend.问题1选项A.instructB.warnC.dictateD.alert

33、【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项instruct“指导，通知”；B选项warn“警告（偏向于告诫）”；C选项dictate“命令，口述”；D选项alert“使警觉，警告（更加正式）”。句意：情报部门被指控未能在周末向部队（ ）敌人可能发动袭击的情况。本句的句意是要表达“情报部门没有及时通报让部队警觉”，因此D选项符合题意。17. 单选题Cancellation of the flight（ ）many passengers to spend the night at the airport.问题1选项A.resultedB.obligedC.demandedD.recommended【答

34、案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resulted“结果；导致”，B选项obliged“迫使；强制；赐”，C选项demanded“强烈要求；需要”，D选项recommended“推荐，介绍；劝告”，根据题意可知：旅客们由于航班取消不得不在机场过夜，B选项oblige有“被迫；事实逼迫人不得不”的含义，因此B选项符合题意。18. 单选题Big Ben is one of Londons best-known landmark, and looks most spectacular at night when the clock faces are lighted. You even know w

35、hen parliament is in session, because a light shines above the clock face.The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high. Minutely regulated（校准）with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, whic

36、h has rarely stopped.The name Big Ben actually refers not to the clock-tower itself, but to the thirteen-ton bell hung within. The bell was named after the first commissioner of works, Sir Benjamin Hall. This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dean of St. P

37、aul by William III. Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 1858. The BBC first broadcast the chimes（报时）on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb

38、destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours, its unique sound was broadcast to the nation and around the world, a welcome reassurance of hope to all who heard it.The tower is not open to the

39、general public, but those with a “special interest” may arrange a visit to the top of the Clock Tower through their local（UK）MP.1.When parliament has meeting（ ）.2.Which of following statements is true according to the passage?3.The bell was once owned by（ ）.4.The BBC first broadcast the chimes on th

40、e eve of（ ）.5.The word “intact” in Line 2, Para. 4 probably means（ ）.问题1选项A.a light is on above the faceB.the clock faces are lightedC.Big Ben strikes the timeD.Big Ben lights the parliament问题2选项A.Big Ben has only one hand.B.Big Ben has never stopped.C.Big Ben has a huge pendulum made of coins.D.Coi

41、ns are used to make Big Ben work more precisely.问题3选项A.the BBCB.the Dean of St. PaulC.Sir Benjamin HallD.the old Palace of Westminster问题4选项A.1858B.1923C.1924D.1941问题5选项A.uncutB.unharmedC.uninjuredD.undamaged【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第一段第二句You even know when parliament is in

42、session, because a light shines above the clock face.（你甚至知道议会什么时候开会，因为一盏灯在钟面上方闪烁。）由此得知A选项“钟面上有一盏灯”正确。B选项“钟面是亮的”并不准确；C选项“大本钟在报时”没有提及；D选项“大本钟照亮了议会”不对。2.判断推理题。根据题干信息定位到第二段第二句话Minutely regulated with a stack of coins placed on the huge pendulum, Big Ben is an excellent timekeeper, which has rarely stopp

43、ed.（大本钟的钟摆上放置了一堆硬币，精确地调节着时间，它是一个出色的计时器，很少停下来。）因此D选项“硬币被用来使大本钟工作得更精确”正确。A选项“大本钟只有一个指针”在第二段的第一句话The four dials of the clock are 23 feet square, the minute hand is 14 feet long and the figures are 2 feet high.（这个钟的四个转盘是23平方英尺，分针是14英尺长，数字是2英尺高。）这里可以看出大本钟是否有多于一个指针原文并没有提及；B选项“大本钟从不停止转动”，原文说大本钟很少停下，说明它还是会停

44、止，只是很罕见；C选项“大本钟有一个由硬币组成的巨大钟摆”，硬币只是让大本钟变得更准确，但并不是它的钟摆组成。3.事实细节题。根据原文定位到第三段的第三句话This bell came originally from the old Palace of Westminster, and was given to the Dean of St. Paul by William III.（这只钟最初来自威斯敏斯特宫，是威廉三世送给圣保罗教长的。）因此B选项“它是属于圣保罗的教长的”正确。A、C、D均不符合原文。4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段的倒数第一句话The BBC first broad

45、cast the chimes on the 31st December 1923there is a microphone in the turret connected to Broadcasting House.（英国广播公司于1923年12月31日首次播放了大本钟，它的信息塔上有一个麦克风连接到广播大楼。）而原文问的是在哪一年的前夜，因此C选项正确。A选项在倒数第三段Before returning to Westminster to hang in its present home, it was refashioned in White chapel in 1858.（在回到威斯敏

46、斯特悬挂在现在的家中之前，它在1858年被重新设计在白色教堂。）与事件不符合；B选项与题干不符合；D选项在倒数第二段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Parliament（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会）与事件不符。5.语义推测题。根据题干定位到第四段During the Second World War in 1941, a bomb destroyed the Lower Chamber of the House of Pa

47、rliament, but the clock tower remained intact and Big Ben continued to keep time and strike away the hours（1941年第二次世界大战期间，一枚炸弹摧毁了下议院的议会，但钟楼仍完好无损， 大本钟继续计时，不停地敲响钟声）根据原文含义可知intact意为“完整的，原封不动的”。A选项“未切的，毛边的，未雕琢的，未割的”；B选项“无恙的；没有受伤的（用于人）”；C选项“未受伤害的；未蒙损失的（多用于人或器官）”；D选项“未毁坏的，未损坏的（多用于物品）”，因此D选项正确。19. 单选题Peopl

48、e under a lot of（ ） may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.问题1选项A.stressB.exposureC.enduranceD.endeavor【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项stress“压力”；B选项exposure“曝光”；C选项endurance“忍耐力”；D选项endeavor“努力，尽力”。句意：（ ）大的人可能会经历头痛、轻微疼痛和睡眠困难。原句要表达的意思是“压力大的人会头痛”，因此A选项符合题意。20. 单选题The bed has been（ ）in the family. It was my great-grandmothers originally.问题1选项A.handed outB.handed overC.handed downD.handed round【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项hand out“分发；施舍”，B选项hand over“移交；提交”，C选项hand down“宣布；把传下去”，D选项hand around“分发；传阅”；然后我们带入原句可以发现原句想表达的意思应该是这张床是家里流传下来的，因此C选项符合题意。句意为：这张床是家里传下来的。原来是我曾祖母的。