2022-2023年考博英语-广东工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第48期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-广东工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Secretary Of State Kerry said that its important for people in the world not to（ ） alleged terrorists but to underscore the importance of the rule of law.问题1选项A.sympathize withB.get along withC.refer toD.respond to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项sympathize with表示“同情，与产生共鸣

2、”；B选项get along with表示“与和睦相处，取得进展”；C选项refer to表示“参考，涉及，指的是”；D选项respond to表示“响应”。由句意可知，国务卿克里表示，对世界人民来讲，重要的不是同情所谓的恐怖分子，而是要强调法治的重要性。因此，A选项的词义更符合句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。2. 单选题The annual Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup poll of attitudes towards public education released this week found that a majority of Americans feel it

3、is important to put a “qualified, competent teacher in every classroom”. Bob Chase, president of the National Education Association（NEA., the main teachers union, wasted no time in pointing out that this will require raising teachers salaries so that more qualified candidates will enter the professi

4、on and stay there. A study by two economists suggests that the quality of Americas teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much.The pay of American public school teachers is not based on any measure of performance instead, it is determined by a rigid formula based on experienc

5、e and years of schooling factors massively unimportant in deciding how well students do. The uniform pay scale invites what economists call adverse selection. Since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in

6、 which pay is more closely linked to productivity. For dullards（笨蛋），the incentives are just the opposite. The data are striking: when test scores are used as a proxy（代替物）for ability, the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture. Clever students are the least likely to cho

7、ose education as a major at university.Among students who do major in education, those with higher test scores are less likely to become teachers. And among individuals who enter teaching, those with the highest test scores are the most likely to leave the profession early. The study takes into cons

8、ideration the effects of a nationwide 20% real increase in teacher salaries during the 1980s. It concludes that it had no appreciable effect on overall teacher quality, in large part because schools do a poor job of recruiting and selecting the best teachers. Also, even if higher salaries lure more

9、qualified candidates into the profession, the overall effect on quality may be offset by mediocre teachers who choose to postpone retirement.The study also takes aim at teacher training. Every state requires that teachers be licensed, a process that can involve up to two years of education classes,

10、even for those who have a university degree or a graduate degree in the field they would like to teach. Inevitably, this system does little to lure in graduates of top universities or professionals who would like to enter teaching at mid-career.1. What can we learn from the passage?2. According to t

11、he passage, the reason why clever students refuse to enter the teaching profession is that（ ）.3. “The data are striking: when.the brightest individuals shun the teaching profession at every juncture”（in Paragraph 2）means that（ ）.4. Increase in teacher salaries did not turn out so effective mainly be

12、cause（ ）.5. We can conclude from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.NEA is the largest society for teachers.B.The pay of American teachers is based on their performance.C.Some teachers in the U.S. are not qualified enough.D.How much the teachers are paid is the most important factor.问题2选项A.it offers low pay

13、.B.they have interest in other professions .C.it does not value productivityD.it uses poor recruiting strategies问题3选项A.students doing well in study are willing to take teaching as a careerB.students doing well in study cant avoid choosing teaching as a careerC.students doing well in study are reluct

14、ant to be teachersD.students doing well in study are not reluctant to be teachers问题4选项A.schools did a poor job of choosing teachersB.mediocre teachers always postpone retirementC.the salaries were not attractive enoughD.teachers didnt have equal opportunities问题5选项A.training is necessary for those wh

15、o want to become a good teacherB.those who want to become teachers in the U.S. have to be licensedC.many graduates of top universities would like to enter teachingD.there is annual increase in teacher salaries in the U.S.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第二句话提到NEA, the main teachers unio

16、n，由此可知选项A的说法是错误的，可以排除；文章第二段第一句话the pay of American public school teachers is not based on any measure of performance，由此可知选项B说法错误，可以排除；文章第一段最后一句话提到Americas teachers has more to do with how they are paid rather than how much，由此可知选项D说法错误，可以排除。综上，选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到有才华的老师可能擅长其他领域的职业，所以他们有强烈的动机离开教育行业

17、，转而从事其他那些薪酬与生产效率挂钩的工作（since the most talented teachers are also likely to be good at other professions, they have a strong incentive to leave education for jobs in which pay is more closely linked to productivity），这也说明教育行业的薪酬与生产效率无关，所以那些聪明学生并不愿意套入教育领域，选项C符合题意。3.判断推理题。划线句子的大意是那些最聪明的学生并不愿意踏入教育领域，选项C“那

18、些学习成绩好的学生不愿意成为教师”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第三段提到because schools do a poor job of recruiting and selecting the best teachers，因此选项A符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章倒数第一段提到every state requires that teachers be licensed（每个州都要求老师有执照），选项B符合题意。3. 单选题If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil

19、servant. When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector wo

20、rkers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americas public-sector worke

21、rs have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britains Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the

22、state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the states budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many

23、rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are alre

24、ady generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers unions have fought aga

25、inst getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer un

26、der the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvards Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches

27、and the president of the United States. Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.1. Paragraph 1 suggests that（ ）.2. According to Paragraph 2,（ ）.3. Paragraph 4 points out that the in

28、come in the state sector is（ ）.4. It can be learned from the example of the unions in Wisconsin that unions（ ）5. What is John Donahues attitude towards the public-sector system?问题1选项A.Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servantB.Teamsters has kept growing in its body of membersC.the number of unioni

29、sts in public-sector has increasedD.the government has improved its relationship with unionists问题2选项A.a university degree is required for public-sector union membershipB.Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unionsC.public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actionsD.pub

30、lic-sector unions are hesitant in taking actions问题3选项A.fairly adjustedB.illegally securedC.indirectly increasedD.excessively increased问题4选项A.often run against the current political systemB.may be a barrier to public-sector reformsC.can change peoples political attitudesD.are dominant in the governme

31、nt问题5选项A.Tolerance.B.Disapproval.C.Indifference.D.Appreciation.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段第二句“When Hoffas Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do.”可知，在1960年只有十分之一的美国政府工作人员属于工会而现在是36%。而由最后两句“In 2009 the num

32、ber of unionists in Americas public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized. ”可知，2009年，美国公共部门工会成员的数量超过了私营部门工会成员的数量。在英国，超过一半的公共部门员工加入了工会，但只有15%的私营部门员工加入了工会。由此可以判断，这么多年

33、来，公共部门的工会成员人数有所增加，所以C选项表述正确。原文只是说明Jimmy Hoffa如果活着可能会代表公务员，并不是说他真的是公务员，因此A选项与原文内容不符。B选项“卡车司机成员不断增加”与原文内容不符，原文只是说1960年卡车司机处于巅峰时期，故表述错误。D选项“政府改善了它与工会的关系”，在原文中并未提到，属于无中生有。故本题正确答案为C选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：根据第二段可以得出。原文第二段主要介绍了工会兴盛的三个原因，原因一：他们可以在不承担后果的情况下解决事情；原因二：他们大多聪明且受过良好的教育；原因三：他们现在主导着中间偏左的政治。由此可知，C选项表述正确，with

34、out suffering much说明他们很少惹上麻烦，即seldom get in trouble。原文第二段第四句指出“A quarter of Americas public-sector workers have a university degree”，所以并不是所有的公共部门工会成员都被要求拥有大学学位。可判断A选项表述错误。由原因三可知，工党一直和工会联系在一起，工党领袖的当选部分原因归功于公共部分工会的投票，可判断B选项错误。D选项的表述在原文中并未提及，故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。题干询问：从第四段可以得知，国营部门的收入是。根据题干信息可定位到原文第4段第三句

35、，通过Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.可知，政客们一再“加码”公共部门的薪酬协议，要保持适度的工资增长，但要增加假期，尤其是已经很丰厚的养老金。由此可知，国营部门的收入需要间接进行提高。可判断C选项正确。A选项表示“公平调整”，B选项表示“非法获得”，D选项表示“过度增加”，均与原文内容

36、不符，故本题正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从威斯康辛州工会的例子中了解到，工会应该。根据题干信息可定位到原文第六段第二句“In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor”，根据句意可知，在威斯康辛州，各工会集结了数千支持者，反对共和党强硬派州长Scott Walker。由此可知B选项“工会是公共部门改革的障碍”表述正确。A选项“经常与当前的政治体制相抵触”属于推断过度，而C选项“能改变人们的

37、政治态度”和D选项“在政府中占主导地位”在原文中均为提及。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：John Donahue对公共工会部门的态度是。根据题干信息定位到原文最后一段，由“Bankers fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. ”可知，银行家丰厚的薪水引来了许多批评，但公共部门系统不奖励高成就者，这对美国来说可

38、能是一个更大的问题。由此可见，John Donahue对于美国的公共部门持有不支持的态度，因此B选项Disapproval最符合原文内容，故本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“容忍”，C选项表示“漠不关心”，D选项表示“赞赏”。4. 单选题“We plan to put the First World War on stage, said the film producer,”（ ）we forget the 16 million men from around the world who left for a real war 100 years ago and never came home

39、.问题1选项A.lestB.whenC.whileD.unless【答案】A【解析】考查连词。lest以防；when当时候；while尽管，当时候；unless除非。句意：“我们计划把第一次世界大战搬上舞台，”这位电影制片人说，“以免我们忘记了来自世界各地的1600万人，他们在100年前参加了一场真正的战争，但再也没能回家。”前半句是结果，后半句是目的，只有A项符合逻辑。5. 单选题（ ）for more than five to seven minutes, the brain will be subjected to irreversible damage.问题1选项A.Oxygen on

40、ce deprived ofB.Once deprived of oxygenC.Deprived of oxygen onceD.Once oxygen deprived of【答案】B【解析】考查句子结构。该句的主语为the brain。大脑与缺氧之间是被动的关系，即大脑如果被剥夺氧气（缺氧），故可省略主谓，用过去分词作状语。B项正确。句意：大脑一旦缺氧5-7分钟，那么它将会受到不可逆转的损害。6. 单选题Oak Ridge residents are encouraged to their unused medicine on Saturday at（ ）Operation Medici

41、ne Cabinet.问题1选项A.dispose ofB.deviate fromC.adhere toD.adjust to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。dispose of处理，转让，解决；deviate from偏离，脱离；adhere to坚持，粘附；adjust to调节。句意：橡树岭居民被鼓励在周六处理他们医药箱中从未使用的药品。A项符合题意。7. 单选题To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with

42、 detailed（ ）and means of packing.问题1选项A.samplesB.specimensC.inspectionsD.specifications【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。sample样品；specimen样本；inspection视察，检查；specification规格，说明书。向客户寄送的产品目录中应包含对于产品的详细说明书。故D项正确。句意：为了让您对我们的产品有一个大致的了解，随信附上产品目录，其中包括我们所经营的各种产品的详细说明书，以及包装方法。8. 单选题The typical sex bribe involves a businessman

43、treating an official to a night at a bathhouse stocked with（ ）, says Liao Ran, who monitors Asia for Transparency International.问题1选项A.prototypesB.propagandasC.prostitutesD.prophets【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prototypes表示“原型，雏型”；B选项propagandas表示“宣传，宣传活动”；C选项prostitutes表示“妓女”；D选项prophets表示“先知，提倡者”。由句中关键词“se

44、x bribe”可知，C选项含义最符合原文，句意理解为：典型的性贿赂包括商人邀请官员在满是妓女的澡堂里过夜。因此，本题正确答案为C选项。9. 单选题They have launched a campaign to get online ticketing companies to（ ）added costs to customers when buying tickets.问题1选项A.clarifyB.justifyC.identifyD.magnify【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；B选项justify“证明是正当的，替辩护”；C选项identify

45、“确定，鉴定，识别，辨认出”；D选项maglify“放大，赞美，夸大”。句意：他们发起了一项运动，让在线票务公司消费者购票时增加的成本。10. 翻译题Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the best and brightest college students: in high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relativ

46、es and friends soon convince them to change their minds.（1）According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teachings lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching professions most worrisome problems.Many articles on teaching, currently

47、 popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching; the expression teacher burnout is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession.（2）Teacher burnout is caused by such problems

48、as violence in the classroom，vandalism（肆意破坏行为）inadequate salaries，involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a childs problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.（

49、3）Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American publics attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students，many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. They usually discover that they want pers

50、onal fulfillment from their lifes work more than they want material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in Americas more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training scho

51、ols are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.（4）Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations，state certificat

52、ion agencies，and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacherssuch as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeteriasare important for upgrading the profession.While teaching

53、 is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their lifes work.（4）Though the first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teachers life, the experience of solving problems that deal with i

54、nstruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.Put the underlined sentences in the following passage into Chinese.【答案】1.根据最近几份关于美国公立学校教育缺点的报告，对最聪明的大学生来说，教学缺乏吸引力是教师行业最令人担忧的问题之一。2.教师的职业倦怠是由以下问题引起的:教室里的暴力行为、故意破坏、工资不高、非自愿的调动、家长的干预、班级规模过大和作业

55、批改工作过多。3. 尽管教师的经济前景更加有限，美国公众对教师态度的恶化，以及破坏性学生造成的问题，然而许多优秀的学生还是决定想在教室里追求事业。4.未来的教师将看到国家教师组织、国家认证机构和当地对提高教师职业地位以及提高教师工资的重视。5.虽然第一年的教学往往是教师生涯中最令人沮丧的一年，但解决与指示、学生、家长、管理员和同事有关的问题的经验对未来的成功具有不可估量的价值。11. 单选题“Under no circumstances（ ）the Senates raising the debt ceiling with just 50 votes.” The senator said, i

56、nsisting meaningful spending reforms before raising the debt ceiling.问题1选项A.will I agree toB.I will agree toC.agree to I willD.I will agree to【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句的用法。分析句子结构可知，题目中包含倒装结构，Under no circumstances置于句首，句子出现部分倒装，这时will应提前到主语之前。因此本题正确答案为A选项。12. 单选题The seal can dive to a depth of about 1600 feet an

57、d remain（ ）for as long as an hour and ten minutes.问题1选项A.breathlessB.fearlessC.submergedD.unconscious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。breathless屏息；fearless无畏的，大胆的；submerge沉浸，淹没；unconscious无意识的。由前半句可知海豹可以在1600英尺的海里潜水，由dive及remain可推知海豹能保持屏息。故A项符合题意。句意：海豹可以潜入1600英尺深的海里，并且能保持屏息一小时十分钟。13. 单选题Brussels warned that action

58、is needed to avoid the risks of（ ）effects on the French economy, in view of the countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit.问题1选项A.vulgarB.spiralC.divineD.adverse【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vulgar表示“粗俗的，通俗的”；B选项spiral表示“盘旋的，螺旋的”；C选项divine表示“神圣的，非凡的”；D选项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”。由后文中的“the

59、 countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit”可知，目前法国的经济状况已经不佳，所以法案的提出需要避免对法国经济产生不利影响。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。14. 单选题During the decades after the United States Civil War, a host of technical advances made possible（ ）and uniformity of railroad service.问题1选项A.and a new integrationB.for a new

60、 integrationC.that a new integrationD.a new integration【答案】D【解析】考查语法。B项made 后面没有了宾语；C项that后面没有谓语，无法构成从句；A项made 后面没有了宾语，而且and 前后也不是平行结构。故D项正确。句意：在美国内战之后的几十年里,大量的技术进步使铁路服务重新整合保持一致性成为可能。15. 单选题After a whole days heavy work，the old worker returned home,（ ）.问题1选项A.hungry and felt exhaustingB.hunger and e

61、xhaustedC.hungry and having been exhaustedD.hungry and exhausted【答案】D【解析】考查形容词作状语。题干的主语是the old worker,空格处填两个形容词来修饰主语。根据前一句“在一天的劳累工作之后”可知这个老工人是饥饿并且疲惫的。exhausting 使筋疲力尽的；exhausted疲惫的。故D项正确。句意：在经历一天的劳累工作后，这个老工人带着饥饿和疲惫回家了。16. 单选题Reading（ ）the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that m

62、akes what we read ours.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.furnishesD.qualifies【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。rectifies改正；prolongs延长；furnishes提供；qualifies准予，取得资格。furnish with 提供; 句意：阅读只为心灵提供知识素材，只有思考才能让我们阅读的内容成为我们自己的知识。只有C项符合句意。17. 单选题Police and landlords in Wincanton and Caste Cary have united to send a very clear messag

63、e that drugs will not be（ ）in the towns, after traces of Class A substances were discovered on pub premises.问题1选项A.transportedB.tightenedC.toleratedD.threatened【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。transported运输的；tightened 变紧的；tolerated 可接纳的 ； threatened受到威胁的。句意：在酒吧场所发现a类物质的踪迹后，Wincanton和Caste Cary的警察和酒吧老板联合发出了一个非常明确的信息，即镇上将不再容许毒品。C项符合句意。18