2022-2023年考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第41期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-黑龙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Mary once _ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged （由指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated 合作C. coincided 一致，符合；同时发生 D. constituted 组成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关

2、系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。2. 翻译题As one of the oldest civilizations of the world, China has a long history and brilliant culture. After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty, China created glorious science and culture. The comp

3、ass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing are considered to be the four great inventions of ancient China, which have contributed immensely to the civilization of the world and the progress of mankind. The Silk Road of China, the oldest trade route in the world, largely promoted the cultural exchang

4、e between the East and the West.【答案】中国是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化。中国在夏朝时开始进入文明时代之后，创造了辉煌的科技和文化。指南针、火药、造纸术、印刷术是中国古代的四大发明，对世界文明和人类的进步做出了极大的贡献。中国的丝绸之路世界上最古老的贸易通道极大地促进了东西方文化的交流。3. 单选题The material（ ）the apparatus is made is a good nonconductor of heat.问题1选项A.with whichB.of whichC.from whichD.with what【答案】

5、B【解析】考查语法。be made of sth“由组成”。故B项正确。句意：制造这种仪器的材料是一种很好的热绝缘体。故B项正确。4. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。5

6、. 单选题The fight could have been avoided if both of you had been able to（ ）your anger.问题1选项A.hold backB.hold onC.hold outD.hold up【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。hold back“隐藏，退缩，抑制”；hold on“紧紧抓住，不挂断电话”；hold out“坚持，伸出，提供”；hold up“举起，阻挡”。句意：如果你们都能克制住自己的怒火，这场争吵本来是可以避免的。A项符合题意。6. 单选题She didnt do very well when she first

7、went to school, but she has _ in the last two years.问题1选项A.cut throughB.forged aheadC.cut down onD.forged about【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. cut through 刺穿；抄近路走过 B. forged ahead 继续进行；取得进展C. cut down on 削减；减少 D. forged about 建立关于【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】But前句意为她刚进学校时表现得不好，由于but表转折关系，所以空格处的句子应为在学校表现得好或者取得进步。B选项forged ahea

8、d“继续进行；取得进展”，满足句子所需逻辑“取得进步”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】她刚上学时成绩不太好，但在过去两年里她取得了进步。7. 单选题It is considered not（ ）to litter in public places.问题1选项A.respectfulB.respectedC.respectableD.respective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。respectful“对恭敬的，尊敬的”；respected“受尊敬的，德高望重的”；respectable“可敬的，值得尊敬的，体面的”；respective“各自的，分

9、别的”。句意：在公共场所乱丢东西被认为是不被人尊敬的。C项符合题意。8. 翻译题I remember a film, I forget what it was called, in which four people were interrogated about the character and life-style of a woman who had been murdered. All of them had known her well, but to each of them, she presented a different side. The man who loved h

10、er saw her as amusing, intelligent and extravagant. The girl who had been at school with her said she was reserved, slow to make friends and inclined to be mean. Her boss, for whom she worked as a secretary, found her hardworking but dull, the last person to inspire passion, let alone murder. Her la

11、ndlady said she was easy to get on with, untidy and careless about money. “I always had to remind her of the rent,” she said, “but I like her she was always cheerful and willing to lend a hand if anyone was in trouble”. The interest of the film was not so much in who committed the murder, but in how

12、 it showed the way in which we all show different sides of ourselves to different people.【答案】我记得有这样一部电影，我不记得它的名字了。讲述的是四个人被询问关于被谋杀者女性的性格和生活方式。这些人都很了解她，但是她对每个人展示了不同的一面。爱她的那个男人觉得她是一个有趣、聪明却有点浪费的女孩。她同学觉得她是一个保守、不善交友，倾向于自私的人。她当秘书的那个老板觉得她虽然勤奋却很沉闷，永远不会活跃气氛，更别说凶手会谋杀她了。她的房东却说她很好相处，不修边幅，不太在乎钱。“我总要提醒她交房租”她说道，“但是

13、我很喜欢她。她总是那么欢乐，在别人有困难的时候总会伸出援手。”这部电影有趣的地方不在于谁是行凶者，而在于我们都会在不同人面前展示不同的一面。9. 单选题Its time（ ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.anything will be doneC.everything is doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。its time 后面的从句用一般过去时或should+动词原形（should不能省略）。句意：是时候采取一些措施来解决城市交通问题了。故A项正确。

14、10. 单选题On campuses, cheerful undergraduates are pressing leaflets into freshers hands. At Heathrow airport, where many foreign students enter Britain, the welcome has been less warm. Officials herded recent arrivals into a separate queue that at times took six hours to get throughand those were luck

15、y ones. Many potential students are languishing at home, and will miss out on university places this autumn unless they receive visas in the next few days.Universities had seen trouble looming since March, when a new student-visa system was introduced. By insisting that potential students prove thei

16、r academic credentials and show that they have enough money to support themselves, the Home Office intended to deter those who were actually coming to Britain to work. It has hoped the reforms would keep out potential terrorists. But the advice it issued to applicants was poor (it has since been rev

17、ised) and staff at many visa-processing centres were not properly trained.The result has been a backlog at many centersin Los Angles, for example, students waited up to 40 days for a visa. But the problem has been particularly acute in the Indian subcontinent. In Pakistan, 5,000 aspiring students ha

18、ve yet to have their applications processed and 9,000 more are appealing against outright refusals.The logjam affects mostly wealthy, well-educated folk in strategically important countries. The elite universities, some of which have long had a cosmopolitan clientele, are concerned. “We are extremel

19、y worried about the damage that this could do to the reputation of British higher education overseas, particularly in the Indian subcontinent. It comes at a time when universities finances are under enormous pressure, ” says Simeon Underwood, head of admissions policy at the London School of Economi

20、cs.International students are vital to British universities. Although British and European students pay tuition fees of up to 3, 225 a year, the cost of educating them is far higher. The state partially plugs the gap and, for that reason, it also caps the number of these students. Fees from overseas

21、 students, who pay around 12,000 a year, contribute more than 1.5 billion annually, 8% of universities total income.To attract these crucial customers, universities offer to meet them at airports, run events to settle them in and arrange for police to visit campuses to expedite visa controls. But if

22、 students cannot make it into Britain, such canny marketing is in vain. This year, even though a weak pound makes British universities a cheap option, some have seen the number of new students from outside the European Union fall by a fifth because of difficulties in getting visas.On a visit to Isla

23、mabad on October 5th Alan Johnson, the home secretary, promised to cut the time it takes to process a visa from 60 days to 15 by hiring more staff, and to help Pakistan establish a national anti-terrorism agency, which would relieve the pressure on the visa system. But his intervention will not help

24、 this years blocked students. And if problems persist, more foreign students may plump for universities in America or Australia in future.1.We can learn from the first paragraph that（ ）.2.According to the new student-visa system, an international student should prove all of the following EXCEPT（ ）.3

25、.According to the text, the student-visa system may lead to（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（ ）.5.The authors attitude towards the new student-visa system seems to be（ ）.问题1选项A.Heathrow airport does not like the international students as much as the university undergraduatesB.the

26、 unavailability of visa may force many students to lose their admission into UK universitiesC.students feel lucky to wait for only six hours in the airport to get into BritainD.many student will arrive at the universities much later than expected because they cannot receive the visa问题2选项A.he should

27、have adequate financial resourcesB.he should meet the bottom requirements set by the universitiesC.he should provide birth certificate showing he is not from a terrorist countryD.he should convince the visa official that his purpose of coming to UK is to study问题3选项A.a negative influence on UKs strat

28、egic relations with some important countriesB.more governmental subsidies to British universitiesC.an increasing pressure on Britains governmental financeD.the damage of the reputation of British higher education问题4选项A.the new student-visa system may undermine the competitiveness of British higher e

29、ducationB.the new student-visa system will soon achieve a much better efficiency by hiring more staffC.the new student-visa system aims to send students to other countries such as Australia and AmericaD.the new student-visa system will help Pakistan establish a national anti-terrorism agency问题5选项A.b

30、iasedB.indifferentC.concernedD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“Many potential students are languishing at home, and will miss out on university places this autumn unless they receive visas in the next few days. 许多未来的留学生在家里苦苦挣扎，除非他们在接下来的几天内拿到签证，否则他们将错过今年秋天的大学入学机会。”可知B项“无法获得签证

31、可能会迫使许多学生失去进入英国大学的资格”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“By insisting that potential students prove their academic credentials and show that they have enough money to support themselves, the Home Office intended to deter those who were actually coming to Britain to work. 英国内政部(Home Office)坚持要求未来的留学生提供学历证明，并证明他们有足够的钱养活自

32、己，意在阻止那些真正来英国工作的人。”可知A项“他应该有足够的经济来源”，B项“他应该满足学校的设定的最低要求”，D项“他应该向签证官证明他来英国的目的是学习”都属于英国内政部的要求。C项“他应该提供出生证，证明他不是来自恐怖主义国家”与第二段“It has hoped the reforms would keep our potential terrorists. 它希望改革能将潜在的恐怖分子拒之门外。”不符，故答案C正确。3.细节事实题。由第四段“We are extremely worried about the damage that this could do to the repu

33、tation of British higher education overseas, 我们非常担心这会对英国高等教育在海外的声誉造成损害”可知D项正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“But his intervention will not help this years blocked students. And if problems persist, more foreign students may plump for universities in America or Australia in future. 但他的干预对今年被拒的学生没有帮助。如果问题继续存在，未来可能会有更多

34、的外国学生选择美国或澳大利亚的大学。”可推知A项“新的签证制度将会损害英国高等教育的竞争力”。正确。B、D两项是最后一段所提到的不用推测的事实。C项与原文不符。5.观点态度题。文中提到了英国新的留学生签证制度对英国高等教育的影响，尽管政府采取了一些措施，但这些措施已经造成了一定影响，并且如果此问题继续存在，将损害英国高等教育的竞争力。故作者对新的签证制度是比较担心的。故C项正确。11. 单选题In the school library there is a collection of foreign books _ to the public.问题1选项A.accessibleB.adjust

35、ableC.admirableD.adaptable【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. accessible 易接近的；可使用的 B. adjustable 可调节的C. admirable 令人钦佩的；极好的 D. adaptable 能适应的【考查点】形近词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意应该是有一大批外国图书可供公众查阅。A选项accessible“可使用的”，accessible to可表示“可得到的”可引申为此句所需要的逻辑。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】学校图书馆里有一批供公众阅读的外国书籍。12. 单选题After the election, a

36、 new situation is likely to（ ）.问题1选项A.riseB.raiseC.ariseD.arouse【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。rise“上升，增强”；raise“提升，增加，养育”；arise“出现，上升，起立”；arouse“引起，唤醒，鼓励”。句意：选举之后，一种新形势可能要出现了。C项符合题意。13. 单选题Remember that only a few of the living things that are produced can live. In general, thoselive that are best fitted for liv

37、ing（ ）they do.问题1选项A.whereB.whatC.whyD.how【答案】A【解析】考查语法。where引导定语从句，即those live that are best fitted for living where they do (will live).句意：记住只有少数被生产出来的生物才能生存。一般来说，只有那些生活在最适合它们生活的地方的生物才能生存。14. 单选题He seems to think the plan will work, but I am（ ）about its success.问题1选项A.unbelievingB.unbelievableC.in

38、credibleD.skeptical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。unbelieving“不相信的”；unbelievable“难以置信的，不可信的”；incredible“难以置信的，惊人的，极好的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：他似乎觉得这个计划会凑效，但我对它的成功表示怀疑。前半句表达的是一个人相信的态度，由but可知后半句态度与之相反，即怀疑的态度。故D项正确。be skeptical about对表示怀疑。15. 单选题I understand your hobby is photography and Ive got a job that（ ） interest yo

39、u in mycompany.问题1选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.could【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。这四个选项中表示的可能性由大到小依次为can could may might。can表示一般和理论上的可能性；could表示“能力”或“可能性”，并且表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或表达看法；may表示一种可能性；might表示的可能性极小。前半句“我知道你的兴趣是摄影”这是一种事实，这份工作之间让他对公司感兴趣存在可能性。故A项正确。16. 单选题During their first teacher training year, the students often visit

40、ed local schools for the _ of lessons.问题1选项A.observationB.investigationC.inspectionD.examination【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. observation 观察；监视 B. investigation 调查；调查研究C. inspection 视察；检查 D. examination 考试；检查【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意，教师实习的学生经常去学校参加培训，培训的内容是for the _ of lessons，由此可以推断出进行教师实习的学生是去本地的学校观察上课。observation

41、指一段时间内仔细观察某人/某事物的行为，尤指为了学习某事物。因此A. observation“观察”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B选项investigation指对某一情况、犯罪等事实的官方审查，或者是对某一主题或问题的事实进行的科学或学术检查，而本句重点在于去观察当地学校的课程，不属于犯罪等事实，也不属于科学或学术检查；C选项inspection指对学校、工厂等的正式访问，以检查规章是否被遵守，标准是否可接受，教师实习的学生并不是正式访问，排除；D选项examination指仔细检查（某事物/某人），尤指检查是否有问题或找出问题的原因，不符合句子语境。【句意】在他们的第一个教师培训年，学生们经常

42、去当地学校观察课程。17. 单选题Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignor

43、e deeper more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presen

44、ts a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challeng

45、ed but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to p

46、romote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requ

47、ires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recogn

48、ize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished res

49、earch investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem w

50、ill disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.1.What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?2.In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because（ ）.3.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the aut

51、hor probably agree with?4.The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do（ ）.5.The phrase the problem” (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to（ ）.问题1选项A.The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.B.Teaching and research are contradictory.C.Research can

52、 never be emphasized too much.D.It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.问题2选项A.research improves the quality of teachingB.students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC.professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and toughD.it is difficult to e

53、valuate teaching quality objectively问题3选项A.Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B.It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.C.The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of

54、 future scientists.D.The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research.问题4选项A.scientific researchB.teachingC.field workD.investigation问题5选项A.raising the status of teachingB.the separation of teaching from researchC.the combination of teaching with research

55、D.improving the status of research【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读第一段“Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There

56、 is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper more important relationships. 最近在报纸和杂志上的报道表明，教学和研究是相互矛盾的，研究在学术推广中扮演的角色过于突出，而对教学的重视严重不足。这些说法有一定的真实性，但它们也忽略了更深层次更重要的关系。”可知作者认为教学与研究的更深层次的关系被忽略了。故A项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the gr

57、eatest recognition is usually for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. 大多数研究型大学奖励杰出的教学，但通常对研究成果给予最大认可。部分原因是很难对教学进行评判。”可知大学重视研究的部分原因是很难客观评判教学。故D项正确。3.推理判断题。由第四段“Although scientists are usually madein the elementary schools, scientists can be lost by poor

58、 teaching at the college and graduate school levels. 尽管科学家通常是在小学培养出来的，但科学家也可能因为大学和研究生阶段糟糕的教学而流失。”可知B项“为了培养新的科学家，改善小学的教学是最重要的”错误。A项“研究型大学的杰出教授应该只专注于研究”only表达过于绝对，故A项错误。D项“现代科学的迅速发展使教学与研究不能结合起来。”错误。故C项“教学与科研分离会降低未来科学家的素质”符合文章内容。4.细节事实题。由第四段“The title of professor should be given only to those who prof

59、ess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called distinguished research investigators or something else. 教授的头衔应该只授予那些从事教授工作的人，也许大学是时候把它保留给那些愿意成为学者群体中重要一部分的人了。不愿意教书的教授可以被称为杰出的研究人

60、员或别的什么。”可知教授的头衔应该留给愿意教学的人。故B项正确。5.词义题。由最后一句“Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities. 那些说我们可以把教学和科研分开的人根本不了解这个制度，但那些说这个问题会消失的人没有尽到自己的责任。”可知“这个问题”指教学和科研分开，故B项正确。18. 单

61、选题The boy fell off the ladder and badly（ ）himself.问题1选项A.woundedB.damagedC.harmedD.injured【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。wound“使受伤”；damage“损害，毁坏，对有用或有价值的人或财产的破坏”；harm“伤害，危害，身体或心理上的损害或伤害”；injure“损害，伤害，通常指肉体上的伤害”。句意：这个男孩从楼梯上摔了下来，伤得很严重。只有D项符合题意。19. 单选题It is through learning that the individual _ many habitual ways of

62、 reacting to situations.问题1选项A.retainsB.gainsC.achievesD.acquires【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. retains 保持 B. gains 获得C. achieves 达到；实现 D. acquires 获得；取得【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】B、C、D三个选项都有“获得，实现”的意思。of reacting to situations（对情况的反应）做habitual ways（习惯方式）的后置定语。句意为获得对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。acquire指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等。这里与habitual ways（习惯方式）相符合。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项retain在这里不符合句子逻辑；B选项gain指获得，赢得，经过努力或奋斗获得某种利益；C选项得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。以上选项均不能和habitual ways搭配。【句意】正是通过学习，个人获得了对各种情况做出反应的许多习惯方式。20. 单选题When the disaster happened, the helicopter _ nearly 20 p