2022-2023年考博英语-大连工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第12期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-大连工业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题In general , the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应

2、用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。2. 单选题The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(an) （ ）that his government fell.问题1选项A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项 withdrawal“撤退”；D选项

3、outbreak“爆发”。句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。3. 单选题If you（ ）someone, you feel great admiration and love for them.问题1选项A.advocateB.adjoinC.adoreD.addict【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项advocate“拥护”；B选项adjoin“毗邻，连接”；C选项adore“崇拜，爱慕”；D选项addict“沉迷”。句意：如果你崇拜一个人，你会钦佩和爱戴他。根据下文的“admiration and love”可知选项C最

4、为恰当。4. 单选题（ ）is forbidden in some states in the United States for religious reasons, while it is permitted in some other states.问题1选项A.ConceptionB.AbortionC.DeliveryD.Perception【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项Conception“怀孕”；B选项Abortion“堕胎，流产”；C选项Delivery“分娩”；D选项Perception“感知”。句意：由于宗教原因，美国有些州禁止堕胎，而有些州允许堕胎。选项B更符合语境

5、。5. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots com

6、e for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-cla

7、ss occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so

8、 well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. B

9、ut in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our

10、jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出

11、，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。6. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on thei

12、r aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great（ ）at the rude way the

13、actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项annoyance“烦恼”；B选项offence“冒犯”；C选项resentment“愤恨，怨恨”；D选项irritation“恼怒，生气”。句意：记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到非常恼火。选项D更符合语境。8. 单选题After his recovery from illness, he is determined to（ ）hat he had been doing to att

14、ain the goal.问题1选项A.assumeB.consumeC.presumeD.resume【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。9. 单选题Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to（ ）the weight of a lorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintai

15、n【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持，支撑，承受”；C选项obtain“获得，流行”；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：很明显，这座木桥不够坚固，承受不了一辆卡车的重量。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题It is often difficult to（ ）between a mere exaggeration and a deliberately lying.问题1选项A.disguiseB.cultivateC.originateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项c

16、ultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。11. 单选题The（ ）of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项cause“原因”。句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项

17、A符合句意。12. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemic and institutional) 障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力

18、。【答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are fully aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level of science and technology lags far behind that of developed countries. The economy is improving in

19、quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic and institutional obstacles to development. To achieve greater and better development and join the ranks of medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century, the key for China is to stay on the path of reform and innovation, further em

20、ancipate the mind, fully unleash the creative potential of the people, invigorate the whole society, and create a steady stream of driving force for development.13. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ）a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expresse

21、d【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reserve“预定”；B选项issue“发行”；C选项deliver“交付”；D选项express“表达”。句意：为保证经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B更符合语境，所以正确。14. 单选题Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in which teachers do most of the talking an

22、d students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on trying to tell them everything, and schools

23、 designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large-group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Many people who have a strong dislike to

24、organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are taught the same thing, in the same way, a

25、t the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as

26、 a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can dis

27、tribute it over distances to reach the students where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities for learning can be increased and enha

28、nced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the article that a good educational s

29、ystem must （ ）.3.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of（ ）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of（ ）.问题1选项A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an active tool in the schoolC.relieving the

30、teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of each student问题2选项A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their instruction问题3选项A.unknown factorsB.a general hostility toward educationC.its misuseD.its newness in the school

31、s问题4选项A.make it easier for students to obtain needed informationB.provide many ways of teaching the same thingC.make learning easy and funD.provide students with enrollment exam【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三句“The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the

32、needs of each individual student. 所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加精确来适应每个学生的需要。”由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求。选项D正确。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一句“All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning. 所有可用的教学资源，包括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件。”由此可推测，选项B正确

33、。3.细节事实题。根据原文第七句“Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. 他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。”也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据原文后半部分“They can present the information to the student through

34、various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. 它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生。它们可以给学生机会，以多种方式对事物作出反应。总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加

35、和提高。”由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D。15. 单选题Everyone has a legal （ ）to provide the tax office with details of their earnings.问题1选项A.refinementB.constrictionC.obligationD.impulsion【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项refinement“改进，改善”；B选项constriction“收缩，压缩”；C选项obligation“义务，职责”；D选项impulsion“冲动”。句意：每个人都有法律义务向税务局提供他们收入的详细情况。选项C符合

36、句意。16. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。17. 单选题Excellent fil

37、ms are those which（ ）national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项transcend“胜过，超越”；B选项traverse“穿过；C选项 abolish“废除，取消”；D选项suppress“抑制”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题There are several possible explanation for the greater job（ ）in Japan in contra

38、st to the great job mobility in the United State.问题1选项A.sensitivityB.creativityC.stabilityD.security【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项sensitivity“敏感性”；B选项creativity“创造性”；C选项stability“稳定性”；D选项security“安全性”。句意：日本工作的稳定性和美国工作的流动性形成对比，对此有几种可能的解释。根据下文的关键词“mobility”可知，选项C正确。19. 单选题Though it was less attractive, Ralph kne

39、w the metal box would be more（ ）than the wooden box.问题1选项A.terminalB.durableC.persistentD.bearable【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题When Steven finally emerged from the cave after thirty days, everyone present was（ ）.问题1选项A.smuggledB.startledC.appealedD.stabilized【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项smuggle“走私，偷运”；B选项startle“使惊奇，使吓一跳”；C选项appeal“呼吁”；D选项stabilize“使稳固，使安定”。句意：当史蒂文30天后终于从山洞里出来时，在场的人都吓了一跳。选项B符合句意。