2022-2023年考博英语-上海交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第49期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-上海交通大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题She is a woman of （ ） who has never abandoned her principles for the sake of her own benefits.问题1选项A.dignityB.scarcityC.integrityD.stability【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。dignity尊严，高贵； scarcity不足，缺乏；integrity正直，诚实，指道德健全，尤其表现在考验目标的坚定、责任心和信任感的行为中；stability坚定，恒心。句意：她是一个正直的女人，从不为了

2、自己的利益而放弃自己的原则。选项C更恰当。2. 案例题A powerful personal growth tool is the 30-day trial. This is a concept I borrowed from the shareware industry, where you can （1） a trial version of a piece of software and try it out risk-free for 30 days before youre required to buy the （2） version. Its also a great way t

3、o develop new （3） , and best of all, its brain-dead simple. Lets say you want to start a new habit like an exercise program or （4） a bad habit like sucking on cancer sticks. We all know that getting （5） and sticking with the new habit for a few weeks is the hard part. Once youve overcome inertia, it

4、s much easier to keep going. Yet we often psyche ourselves out of getting started by （6） thinking about the change as something （7） before weve even begun. It seems too overwhelming to think about making a big change and （8） with it every day for the rest of your life when youre still habituated to

5、doing the （9） . The more you think about the change as something permanent, the more you （10） where you are. But what if you thought about making the change only （11） say for 30 daysand then youre free to go back to your old habits? That doesnt seem so hard anymore. Exercise daily for just 30 days,

6、then quit, maintain a （12） organized desk for 30 days, then slack off. Read for an hour a day for 30 days, then go back to watching TV.Could you do it? It still （13） a bit of discipline and commitment, but not nearly so much as making a permanent change. Any （14） deprivation is only temporary. You c

7、an （15） down the days to freedom. And for at least 30 days, youll gain some benefit. It,s not so baD.You can handle it. Its only one month out of your life.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the following word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change th

8、e word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Temporary download commitment neatly requirementally count opposite stay disciplineper

9、manent habit overcome stick adoptfull free perceive quit start【答案】1. download 2.full 3. habits 4.quit 5. started6. mentally 7. permanent 8. sticking 9. opposite 10. stay11. commitment 12. neatly 13. requires 14. perceived 15. count【解析】1.根据句意, 下载某种软件, 用 download software。2.full version指完整版。句意：下载某个软件的

10、免费试用版使用30天后,你会被要求购买完整版。3.从下文的Let s say you want to start a new habit.可推测, 填空处也应该填入habit, 且为复数。4.quit a bad habit指改正某个坏习惯。5. 根据句意：我们都知道, 开始并坚持几个星期的新习惯是困难的。先开始才能坚持。6. 根据句子结构可知这里应该用 副词修饰 thinking, 根据上文的 psych推断mentally正确。7. 根据下文The more you think about the change as something permanent,.可知此处也应填入permane

11、nt。8. stick with坚持, 文中多次出现。9. do the opposite为固定用法, 意为背道而驰。10. 根据句意：你越认为这种改变是永久性的, 你就会在原地待得越久。这里指保持现状。11. makecommitment为固定搭配, 意为做出的承诺。12. maintain a neatly organized desk保持课桌的干净整洁。13. 根据句意：尽管它依然完成了一些纪律和承诺, 但远没有达到永久改变的程度。14. 句意：任何感知到的剥夺都只是暂时的。15. count down为固定搭配, 意为倒数。3. 单选题Before many people buy a

12、car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea when facing a difficult operation, for example,they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesnt matter. But s

13、ometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death.A number of psychological roadblocks get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctors, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want

14、to get a second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they dont suggest it.Another reason people avoid getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. Says Balyk: You fear that if you go for,

15、say, an ingrown toenail, hell tell you that the toe must come off. The most important consideration is that its in your self interest to get another opinion and it may not be worse.Then, most people trust, even give great respect to their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they t

16、rust their doctor is right, and dont ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesnt even occur to them that they shoulD.But you should remember that the doctor is a human being just like you.And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor

17、 and just let him take over. At other times, obtaining that second opinion just seems like too much work.But remember, sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.1.From both the first and the last paragraphs we can infer that the author may want to s

18、uggest that （ ） .2.Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctors feelings?3.Another reason some patients dont want to get a second medical opinion is that （ ） .4.In Paragraph 5, by sometimes when people are sick, they become childlike the author means that（ ） .5.The last word work in Paragraph

19、 5 may probably be closest in meaning to （ ） .问题1选项A.one should choose a hospital carefully when illB.one should think seriously before making a medical decisionC.one should never be afraid of questioning the doctors opinionD.a second medical opinion is absolutely necessary问题2选项A.They fear that if s

20、o something unhappy will happen.B.They fear that the doctor may let them alone after that.C.They fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments.D.They have been taught to respect doctors in this way.问题3选项A.they are used to treating doctors as gods in every aspectB.other people will loo

21、k on them as mad if they do soC.they think it is wrong to doubt the doctors opinionD.doctors usually dont have a second opinion to offer问题4选项A.when people are sick, they behave in every way like a childB.when people are sick, they become unreasonableC.when people are sick, they are too lazy to take

22、care of themselvesD.when people are sick, they rely too much on others问题5选项A.troubleB.energyC.timeD.labor【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，当面临医学意见时，有时你做的决定并不重要，但有时它可能将你带入错误的治疗甚至是死亡。也就是说，在做医疗决定之前我们应该认真考虑。选项B符合原文。2.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些病人害怕伤害医生的感情是担心可能产生的后果，他们害怕医生认为病人在质疑医生的能力。所以选项A正确

23、。3.语义题。根据第二段的最后一句“People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion theyre questioning the doctors ability.”人们可能会认为，在提出他们想要得到第二个意见时，他们是在质疑医生的能力。选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据原文句意：有时，当人们生病时，他们变得像孩子一样。也就是说，他们需要别人的照顾, 也就是依赖别人。故答案为D。5.语义题。根据上文对人们避免接受第二种医学意见的描述可以推测，work指trouble，更符合原文语境。所以本题

24、选A。4. 单选题The university is now making efforts to make the supply and demand of information more （ ） and to protect students rights with legal advice.问题1选项A.transparentB.visibleC.applicableD.practical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。transparent透明的;显然的; visible看得见的; applicable可适用的, 可应用的; practical实际的,实用性的。句意：学校目前正在努力

25、使信息的供求更加透明, 并通过法律咨询来保护学生的权利。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题Plastic bags are useful for holding many kinds of food （ ） their cleanness, toughness and low cost.问题1选项A.by virtue ofB.by means ofC.at sight ofD.by way of【答案】A【解析】介词词义辨析。by virtue of由于, 凭借;by means of 用, 依靠;at sight of 一看见;by way of 经由, 当作。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品, 因

26、为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题You know yourself better than anyone else; does not undertake that project unless you can （ ） it.问题1选项A.complementB.complimentC.implementD.supplement【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。complement补足, 补充;compliment恭维,赞美;implement使生效, 实施, 执行; supplement增补。句意：你比任何人都了解你自己; 除非你能将这个项目实施下去，否则就不要接管它。选项C符

27、合句意。7. 案例题Feeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the （1） equipment there show that there is nothing wrong.Then consider this, you might be in a （2） of sub-health. Sub-health, also called the third state, is

28、（3） as a borderline slate between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 per cent of subhealthy people are middle-aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management （4） as well as students around exam-time. This

29、may be due to their heightened （5） to stress.Symptoms include a （6） of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation and （7） memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.According to some medical experts, the （8） to preventing and recovering

30、 from sub-health is to form good living habits. （9） work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in （10） air activities will all help.As for meals, people are （11）to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and fish because they are rich in nutritious （12） , s

31、uch as vitamins, which are （13） to the body.Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause （14） changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a （15） diet is very helpful in avoiding sub-health.Directions: Choose one appropriate word from the fol

32、lowing word bank to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 15 in the passage below, Change the word form where necessary. Remember the bank contains some extra words that may not be used in filling any of the blanks. Write the words in their correct forms with the corresponding numbers on the Answer

33、Sheet.position define forgetful fancy key balance importanceunhealthy lack subject open plenty exposure alternateelement state require poor advise indispensable【答案】1. fancy 2.state 3. defined 4.position 5.exposure6. lack 7. poor 8. key 9. alternate 10. open11. advised 12. elements 13. indispensable

34、14. unhealthy 15. balanced【解析】1.根据句意可知，这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰医院的设备，据常识推断，医院的设备都是很昂贵的，fancy有昂贵的意思。2.这里为固定搭配，a state of指处于某种状态，原文指处于亚健康的状态。3. 根据原文可知这里是对亚健康的定义，.被定义为用被动语态，所以这里应填入defined。4.in management position指在管理岗位上。原文句意：在管理岗位上人员和应试的学生中，这一比例甚至更高。5.exposure to指暴露，显露。原文句意：这可能是由于他们更多地暴露于压力的环境之下。6. 本句是讲亚健康的症状，根据

35、后面的描述可知这里指缺乏活力。a lack of为固定搭配。7. 本题与上一题相同，都是亚健康的状态，poor memory为常见搭配，指记性差，健忘。8. 根据句意可知，这里指预防和恢复亚健康的关键，the key to为固定搭配。9. 根据句意可知，这里指工作和休息交替进行。alternate符合原文。10. 根据原文可以推测，这里指户外运动。open air指露天的，户外的。11. advise sB.to do sth.建议某人做某事的被动表达为sB.be advised to do sth.，所以这里应填入被动形式。12. 根据句意可知，这里指水果蔬菜和鱼含有丰富的营养元素，比如维他

36、命。元素为可数名词，所以要加s.13. 根据句意可知，维他命是人体必不可少的元素之一。indispensable相对于required要更恰当。14. 根据常识可推断，吃太多是不好的，因为它会导致消化道产生不健康的变化。所以这里应填入unhealthy.15. 根据下文的helpful可推测，这里指健康的饮食。a balanced diet为常见用法，意为均衡饮食。8. 单选题I havent read that book, but just from looking over the （ ） , I think it would be worth reading.问题1选项A.forefro

37、ntB.forewordC.foreheadD.forename【答案】B【解析】forefront最前线,最前部;foreword序,前言; forehead前额,额头; forename在姓前面的名。句意：我没有读过那本书, 但是仅仅只看了前言我就觉得这本书值得一看。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题It is very kind of you to offer, but any more pudding would simply be （ ） .问题1选项A.exceptionalB.excessiveC.abundantD.ample【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。exceptional例

38、外的;异常的; excessive过多的;极度的; abundant丰富的,多产的; ample丰富的,足够的。句意：你给的刚刚好, 再多一点布丁都显得太过分了。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题They ignored him, despite his repeated （ ） that he was not on the scene of murder that evening.问题1选项A.assumptionsB.suppositionsC.affirmationsD.confirmations【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。assumption假定,设想;supposition猜测, 推测

39、;affirmation断言, 认定;confirmation证实, 确认。句意：尽管他一再申明那天晚上他不在谋杀现场，他们对他还是置之不理。 选项C符合句意。11. 单选题While others sat at home studying papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a boat and made （ ） observations.问题1选项A.of-the-spotB.in-the-spotC.on-the-spotD.at-the-spot【答案】C【解析】固定搭配题。on-the-pot指立即, 当场。句意：当其他人坐在家里研究这

40、一课题的论文时，Jefferson上了一艘船并进行了现场观察。12. 单选题Normally Americans do not assess their visitors in relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talk; much less do they take out for dinner, while they develop a pre-business sense of trust and rapport. Rapport to most of them is less important than performance. Th

41、ey seek out credentials of past performance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners. Since they generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, they start talking business very quickly.Most Americans live in time segments by engagement calendars. These cale

42、ndars may be divided into intervals as short as fifteen minutes. They oftengivea person two or three (or more) segments of their calendar, but in the business world they almost always have other appointments following hard on the heels of whatever they are doing. Time is therefore always ticking in

43、their inner ear.1.Americans are slaves to nothing but the clock. This means（ ） .2.It can be inferred from the passage that since Americans value time highly, they（ ） .3.According to the passage, Americans evaluate their business colleague based on（ ） .4.Which of the following statement is true accor

44、ding to the passage?5.Which might be the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.Americans values the clock highly.B.Americans are slaves to anything else rather than the clock.C.Americans are slaves to the time rather than anything else.D.Americans are slaves to luxurious clock.问题2选项A.hate someone else wa

45、sting timeB.are short-temperedC.are restlessD.hope to gain some return from the passed time问题3选项A.pre-business sense of trust and intimacyB.the past performanceC.the social courtesiesD.the prolonged small talk问题4选项A.Americans have one appointment after another.B.Between two appointments there might

46、be 150 minutes rest.C.Americans can always hear the clicking of the clock.D.Americans agendas are always fully engaged.问题5选项A.The Thing Americans Do Save TimeB.Time in Americans Eyes.C.Americans Way to Save Time.D.Time: A Precious Commodity to Americans.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第二段

47、的第二句Time is treated as if it were an almost tangible entry.人们似乎把时间当做是一个实实在在的东西来对待。说明美国人很看重时间, 选项C正确。2.细节推断题。根据第三段的第一句, 美国人高度重视时间, 所以他们讨厌那些过度浪费时间的人, 选项A表达有误。根据第三段的最后一句, 如果他们没有从过去的时间里得到些什么作为回报, 他们会焦躁不安。也就是说他们希望时间流逝过后, 自己能有所收获, 而不是碌碌无为, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句They seek out credentials of past per

48、formance rather than evaluating a business colleague through social manners.他们寻找过去业绩的证明, 而不是通过社交礼仪来评估一位商业同事。选项B正确。4.细节判断题。根据最后一段的首尾两句可知,美国人总是被时间追赶着,能听见钟表的声音。选项C符合原文。5.主旨大义题。本文主要讲述美国人的时间观念。选项B正确。13. 单选题The relation of the earth on its axis is responsible for the （ ） of periods of light and darkness.问

49、题1选项A.alterationB.alternationC.alternativeD.altercation【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。alteration变更，改变；alternation交替，更迭；alternative二选一，供替代的选择；altercation争执。句意：地球绕着地轴运转是日夜交替出现的原因。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Some plants are （ ） to disease and must be taken good care of for the whole growing period.问题1选项A.fantasticB.subordinateC.s

50、usceptibleD.imperative【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。fantastic极好的；subordinate从属的，次要的；susceptible易受影响的；imperative紧急的；必要的。句意：有些植物易受病害的影响，必须在整个生长过程中得到很好的照顾。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题Such occupations were so （ ） as to be unworthy of his full attention.问题1选项A.triggeringB.triplingC.triflingD.trembling【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发，启

51、动； tripling使增至三倍；trifling微不足道的；trembling发抖的，战栗的。根据下句可推测出，选项C更符合句意。句意：这些工作是如此微不足道，不值得他全神贯注。16. 单选题Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it

52、 may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first y

53、ear of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain

54、is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and the language might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage

55、has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be a high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds, at twelve months he can speak simple

56、words and understand simple commands, at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four he knows his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an i

57、nfant is born with the capacity of speaking. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern toy-bear. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick

58、 out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, gra

59、sping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dull the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.1.What is the purp

60、ose of the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century?2.Today some children are backward in speaking because （ ） .3.If a child starts to speak later than other normal children, he will （ ） in the future.4.Compared with the brain of the monkey, humans brain is a complex system which enables a child （ ） .5.Which of the follo