2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第24期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西北大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is generally believed that people who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】densely 浓密地，密集地；intensely 强烈地，紧张地，热情地；abundantly 丰富地，大量地；highly 高度地；非常。 句意：人们普遍认为住在

2、小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark i

3、s the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrast

4、ing attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to pre

5、vent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among th

6、e oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Shark have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of thei

7、r efficiency and adaptability changing environments. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural envi

8、ronment.1.With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the authors tone in this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?问题1选

9、项A.Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.B.Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.C.Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection.D.The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.问题2选项A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured f

10、ishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They brought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.问题3选项A.25 million yearsB.150 million yearsC.350 million yearsD.500 million years问题4选项A.explanatoryB.accusatoryC.gentleD.proud问题5选项A.order

11、 of importanceB.cause and effectC.statement and exampleD.chronological order【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“During the 1980s, . caught in driftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金

12、枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金枪鱼。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段

13、举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。3. 单选题Hospitals define urgent care as medical care given to somewhat less （ ）medical problems than emergency care.问题1选项A.perplexingB.complexC.prudentD.pressing【答案】D【解析】perplexing 使人困惑的，令人费解的；complex 复杂的，合成的；prudent 谨慎的，精明的；pressing 紧迫的，迫切的。句意：医院将紧急护理定义为医疗问题比急救护理稍微不那么紧迫的

14、医疗护理。选项D符合语境。4. 单选题The massive, black, horned buffalo, formerly found throughout sub-Saharan Africa, is a gregarious animal of open or scrub-covered plains and open forests.问题1选项A.rottenB.sociableC.wealthyD.beautiful【答案】B【解析】句意：巨大的、黑色的、有角的水牛，原产于非洲撒哈拉以南，是一种群居动物，生活在开阔的或灌木覆盖的平原和开阔的森林中。gregarious意为“社交的，

15、群居的”。rotten 腐烂的，堕落的；sociable好交际的，友善的；wealthy富有的；beautiful美丽的。选项B与之意思相近。5. 单选题The power （ ）in the office of President must not be abused.问题1选项A.inheritB.inherentC.instinctiveD.inhibitory【答案】B【解析】inherit 继承，遗传而得；inherent 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的；instinctive 本能的，直觉的，天生的；inhibitory 禁止的，抑制的。句意：总统办事处的固有职权不能滥用。选项B符合句

16、意。6. 单选题I argued with Morton until the wee hours of the morning, but he remained （ ）in his refusal to finance the project.问题1选项A.subduedB.generousC.obstinateD.courteous【答案】C【解析】subdued减弱的，被制服的；generous 慷慨的，大方的；obstinate 顽固的，倔强的；courteous有礼貌的，谦恭的。句意：我和Morton争论到深夜，但他仍然固执地拒绝资助这个项目。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题I thank

17、ed her for her hospitality and her kindness in driving me back to my hotel.问题1选项A.sweetnessB.hostilityC.friendlinessD.sincerity【答案】D【解析】句意：我感谢她的盛情款待，感谢她开车送我回旅馆。hospitality意为“好客，殷勤”。sweetness愉快，美妙；hostility敌意；friendliness友谊，亲切；sincerity真实，诚挚。选项D更符合原句所表达的语境，所以正确。8. 翻译题大学之所以有理由存在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保

18、持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting t

19、he young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. This atmosphere of excitem

20、ent, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.9. 单选题Not again! This is the third t

21、ime that I （ ）my keys since I（ ） home this morning.问题1选项A.am losing / was leavingB.had lost / leftC.lose / had leftD.have lost /left【答案】D【解析】ItThis iswas the first/second. time that.，that从句的时态根据前面的is或was来定，是is时用现在完成时，was则用过去完成时，所以选项D正确。10. 单选题I suggested he should （ ）himself to his new conditions.问题

22、1选项A.adaptB.adoptC.regulateD.suit【答案】A【解析】adapt使适应，改编； adopt采取，接受；regulate调节，规定；suit合适，相称。根据句意可知，这里应该是使自己适应新环境，所以选项A正确。11. 单选题She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would （ ）her long effort.问题1选项A.justifyB.estifyC.rectifyD.verify【答案】A【解析】justify 证明是正当的/有理由的，替辩护；testify 作证，

23、证明，证实；rectify 改正，精馏，整流；verify 核实，查证。句意：在确信结果会证明她的长期努力是值得的之前，她努力工作了。选项A 符合语境。12. 单选题I think that I committed a （ ）in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】blunder 大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大

24、错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题Let me stand in with you if its very expensive.问题1选项A.bargain for youB.borrow money for youC.share the cost with youD.stand on your side【答案】C【解析】stand in with意为与联合，同分担。bargain for you讨价还价；borrow money for you 借钱；share the cost with you一起承担；stand on your side 站在你这边。选项

25、C与之意思相近。14. 单选题The amount of open space has （ ）as more and more land is developed.问题1选项A.dominatedB.dwindledC.dispersedD.disseminated【答案】B【解析】dominate控制，支配，占优势；dwindle减少，变小；disperse 分散，传播；disseminate散布，传播。句意：随着越来越多的土地被开发，开放空间的数量减少了。选项B符合句意。15. 单选题For several years the lives of the two old ladies con

26、tinued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.问题1选项A.companionshipB.hospitalityC.amiabilityD.hostility【答案】D【解析】句意：几年来，这两位老太太的生活一直围绕着彼此的恩怨而转。enmity意为敌意，憎恨。companionship 友谊，伴侣；hospitality 殷勤，好客；amiability 和蔼可亲，友善；hostility 敌意，敌对。选项D与之意思相近。16. 单选题A kiln is a type of oven in which clay is （ ）so

27、 that it hardens into a form of ceramic material.问题1选项A.repairedB.bakedC.meltedD.lightened【答案】B【解析】repair 修理，修补；bake 烤，烘焙；melt 使融化，使软化；lighten 使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。17. 单选题With each successive visit our knowledge of those regions increased.问题1选项A.successfulB.consecutiveC.fruitfulD.

28、occasional【答案】B【解析】句意：我们对这些地区的了解每一次都在不断增加。successive意为连续的，接替的。successful成功的，一帆风顺的；consecutive连贯的，连续不断的；fruitful 富有成效的，多产的；occasional 偶然的，临时的。选项B与之意思相近。18. 单选题The first settlers found so much work to do that they had little time for nostalgia.问题1选项A.leisureB.nosebleedC.homesicknessD.hobbies【答案】C【解析】句

29、意：第一批移民发现有这么多工作要做，他们没有时间思念家乡。nostalgia意为“怀旧，思乡”。homesickness乡愁。选项C与之意思相近。19. 单选题By todays standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.问题1选项A.unwiseB.stubbornC.tiresomeD.unscientific【答案】A【解析】句意：按照今天的标准，早期的农民是轻率的，因为他们反复种植作物，几次收获后就把土壤耗尽了。imprudent意为“轻率的，鲁莽的”。unwise不明智的，轻率的；stubborn顽固的；tiresome无聊的，令人讨厌的；unscientific不科学的。选项A与之意思相近。20. 单选题You cant be （ ）careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.问题1选项A.veryB.quiteC.tooD.so【答案】C【解析】cant be too 为固定搭配，意为“再也不为过”。句意：这是一个如此重要的案件，你做决定时怎么谨慎也不过分。选项C符合句意。