2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解50

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1、2022年考博英语-浙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题It was difficult to build a power station in the deep valley, but it（ ）as we had hoped.问题1选项A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out【答案】A【解析】came off 举行，成功；went off爆炸，离去；brought out 出版，生产；made out理解，辨认出。句意：在深谷里建发电站是困难的，但正如我们所希望的那样成功了。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题Banglades

2、hi communities that are already being poisoned by arsenic-tainted（含砷） groundwater are facing an appalling new threat. Their rice and vegetables are also laced with high level of arsenic.The health effects of eating such tainted food are not yet known, but the ramifications（门类） could be enormous. The

3、 WHO says contaminated drinking water alone could kill 270,080 Bangladeshis over the next decade.In a terrible irony, arsenic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube veils to provide clean drinking water. But the wells tapped into groun

4、dwater contaminated by arsenic from sedimentary deposits deep below Bangladesh. To deal with the problem, UNICEF and the World Bank have been testing water from wells and marking them safe or dangerous but that testing program has been found to be flawed.To make matters worse, water from the wells i

5、s also used to irrigate paddy（水稻）fields. However, until now it wasnt known whether or not the rice was accumulating-arsenic. Tests on rice samples from around Bangladesh had found that arsenic levels did indeed vary according to the strength of local arsenic contamination in the soil and groundwater

6、.Arsenic levels in different varieties of rice ranged from about 0.05 to 1.8 parts per million. In Europe and the US, levels are around 0.05 parts per million. The WHO recommends a maximum level of 0.01 parts per million in drinking water but therefore, no guidelines for levels in foods.Ravi Naidu a

7、t CSIRO in Adelaide and his colleagues have been studying the uptake of arsenic from the soil by Bangladeshi crops.Their data shows that arum, a popular vegetables has arsenic levels of nearly 150 parts per million. It is usually grown in wet zones adjacent to the tube wells. But some vegetables suc

8、h as spinach and beans are relatively free from arsenic. The rice grains studied by Naidus team had arsenic levels that ranged from undetectable to over 1.6 parts per million. Their calculation show that nearly 30 per cent of the total arsenic intake for people in Bangladesh may be coming from their

9、 food.If the body can absorb arsenic from food and this is yet to be proven then merely tackling drinking water contamination will not be enough. Researchers fear that paddy fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough arsenic-free water for a

10、griculture.1.The central idea of the passage is about（ ）.2.From the passage we learn that water contamination of Bangladesh was caused by（ ）.3.The passage implies that the arsenic in drinking water in Europe and the US is（ ）.4.In order to reduce arsenic intake, the Bangladeshis should avoid eating（

11、）.5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.the contamination of water and crops in BangladeshB.how to cultivate rice free of arsenicC.the serious consequences of arsenic intakeD.how to solve the water shortage problems in Bangladesh问题2选项A.mining the sedimentary deposits u

12、nder BangladeshB.the help from UNICEF and other international agenciesC.refining the arsenic from groundwaterD.river water that flow into the tube wells问题3选项A.around 1.8 parts per millionB.around 0.05 parts per millionC.over 0.5 parts per millionD.less than 0.01 parts per million问题4选项A.arumB.spinach

13、C.beansD.rice问题5选项A.Water accounts for 70% of the arsenic intake for the Bangladeshis.B.Researchers doubt that the body can absorb arsenic from food.C.People in Bangladesh will soon be free of arsenic intake.D.Crops in Bangladesh will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第

14、3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.结合原文内容可知，第一段为本文的中心思想。孟加拉国的水资源和农作物中都含有高浓度的砷，即受到了污染，选项A符合原文。2.根据第三段的第一句“In a terrible irony, arsenic entered the Bangladeshi water supply when UNICEF and other international agencies sank millions of tube veils to provide clean drinking water.”特别讽刺的是，当联合国儿童基金会和其他国际机构为提供清洁饮用水而埋设数百万管

15、状面纱时，砷进入了孟加拉国的供水系统。由此使得孟加拉国的供水受到了污染，所以选项B正确。3.根据第五段的内容，不同品种水稻的砷含量在0.051.8 ppm之间，在欧洲和美国，含量约为0.05%。而根据上文提到的，水稻中砷的含量会根据土壤和地下水中砷污染的强度而变化，欧洲和美国的水稻砷含量为最低标准，说明其饮用水中砷的含量也不超过世界卫生组织建议的最高含量百万分之0.01。所以选项D正确。4.根据倒数第二段的内容可知，广受欢迎的海芋砷含量接近百万分之150，而菠菜和大豆相对来说不含砷，米粒的砷含量也没有超过百万分之1.6。所以孟加拉人应该避免吃海芋。选项A正确。5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Res

16、earchers fear that paddy fields will continue to be irrigated from poisoned tube wells because Bangladesh does not have enough arsenic-free water for agriculture.”由于孟加拉国没有足够的无砷农业用水，稻田将继续从有毒的管井中灌溉。所以选项C错误。3. 单选题Immigrants of all races in this area are demanding that they receive ( ) treatment from th

17、e authorities.问题1选项A.uniqueB.unitedC.uniformD.universal【答案】C【解析】句意：这个地区所有种族的移民都要求得到当局的统一对待。unique独一无二的；united团结的，统一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes

18、 and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smokingtoo many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for al

19、l to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.But wait. Weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution and by

20、a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquors”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welf

21、are from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits

22、just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drinkor two or three. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were likely to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian

23、liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead, people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they removed Prohibition by approving the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.1. Which of the following was NOT a characteri

24、stic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?2.During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was（ ）.3.During Prohibition, people（ ）.4.When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumed that（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.Ther

25、e would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance.问题2选项A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the

26、Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders问题3选项A.lived in fear of the lawB.were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them问题4选项A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all c

27、riminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline问题5选项A.the Congress was wise to repeal ProhibitionB.the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during Prohibition, most Am

28、ericans stopped drinkingD.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知，非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加

29、拿大的边境走私而来的，所以选项D符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition.”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁

30、会有所下降，选项D符合原文。5.细节判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.”有了禁令之后，人们喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令，这一做法是明智的, 选项A正确。5. 单选题He become（ ）with the girl reporter who questioned him at press conference.问题1选项A.observedB.obsessedC.notifiedD.troubled【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。become obsessed

31、 with为固定搭配，意为痴迷于。6. 单选题At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,” wrote the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to

32、a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of lonelinessfor all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.”Fear is often a useful emotion. When you become frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large

33、quantities of energy-producing adrenaline （ 肾上激素）are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight （逃离）. Similarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is d

34、isproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of any large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situ

35、ations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationshi

36、ps strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacle to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to sol

37、ve problem.Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained unhappy in one position. He avoided long vacations because “the car might break down.” Growing up in such a home? Phil naturally learned to becom

38、e fearful and tense.1.In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, our particular creature refers to（ ）.2.Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can（ ）.3.Fear becomes a problem only when（ ）.4.Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that（ ）.5.Psychologists have found that

39、 our later fears are determined largely by our（ ）.问题1选项A.fear of somethingB.a fierce beastC.physical painD.public ridicule问题2选项A.stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB.quicken our heartbeat and responsesC.pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD.help us respond quickly to

40、danger and protect ourselves问题3选项A.the danger is thought greater than it really isB.the danger is more psychological than physicalC.one cannot stand the dangerD.one is not well prepared for it问题4选项A.some people are inherently more easily affected by dangerB.peoples response to stimuli is not an inhe

41、rited featureC.some people seem to be very sensitive to noiseD.people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise问题5选项A.home educationB.school educationC.parents lifestyleD.early experiences【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B,C

42、,D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。3.根据第二段的最后一句“It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。4.根据第三段第一句“Some people are

43、 simply more vulnerable to fear than others. ”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful responses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologists know that our early expe

44、riences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. ”可知选项D正确。7. 单选题Job-related illnesses are growing in frequency. In 1985, there were 390,000 cases of illnesses that were job related, including lung and bladder（膀胱）cancers, skin ailments, emphysema（肺气肿）, and heart disease. There

45、were also 100,000 deaths. Many of these illnesses and deaths are attributable to chemically hazardous substances.An obvious approach to reducing occupational illnesses is to rid the workplace of the chemical agents or toxins that are the source of many of the problems. However, sometimes that is not

46、 financially feasible or technically possible. An alternative approach is to capitalize on the fact that not all individuals are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace. For example, until the early 1970s when strict safety standards were introduced, all workers in shipbuilding plants

47、 were exposed to excessively high levels of asbestos（石棉） dust, yet only some have, or will develop, respiratory problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema.Researchers have begun only a certain portion to attack the puzzling problem of work groups that are “hyper susceptible” to particul

48、ar chemical agents or toxins. One approach is to use genetic information as a means of differentiating between those who will and will not have adverse reactions to the toxin. At present, there are several known genetic markers that signal an individuals predisposition to developing health problems

49、in the presence of certain working conditions. For example, people with a pair of genes deficient in an enzyme called G-6-PD are more likely than others to experience a breakdown of red blood cells and consequent anemia（贫血）when they work with chemicals contained in TNT, or types of antimalarial drug

50、s（抗疟药）.Recent research also suggests that presence of a defective gene on the eleventh chromosome（染色体）reduces the bodys ability to remove excess cholesterol（胆固醇）deposits from artery walls（动脉壁）, thus predisposing carriers of the gene to coronary artery（冠状动脉）disease. Presumably, individuals with this

51、genetic anomaly（异常）would be more likely to have heart problems when stressful job situations are encountered than those without it.Accordingly, genetic screening is based on the premise that individuals have different genetic markers and some of these differences can be used to predict predispositio

52、n to occupational diseases. There is some evidence that certain companies have used the genetic screening to control the incidence of job-related illnesses. Some of the companies also had taken action as a result of the tests, including warning employees about potential health problems, transferring

53、 employees, suggesting that employees seek other jobs, using the data for replacement purposes, or changing the production process.1.The author states in the passage that chemically dangerous substances in the workplace（ ） .2.The author gives an example of workers in shipbuilding plants（ ）.3.How man

54、y occupational diseases are listed in this passage?4.According to the passage, when a person has a defective gene on the eleventh chromosome, he or she is at the risk of developing （ ） .5.This passage is mainly about（ ）.问题1选项A.have nothing to do with occupational illnessesB.are responsible for many

55、occupational illnessesC.play a minor role in bringing about such occupational diseases as lung cancer and emphysemaD.usually give rise to skin ailments问题2选项A.to show that workers are usually subject to bad working conditionsB.to prove there were no safety standards before 1970C.to warn workers again

56、st respiratory problemsD.to show that not all workers exposed to chemically dangerous substances are liable to occupational illnesses问题3选项A.SixB.SevenC.EightD.Nine问题4选项A.coronary artery diseaseB.pulmonary diseaseC.respiratory diseaseD.bladder cancer问题5选项A.how to reduce job-related diseaseB.the incid

57、ence of job-related diseasesC.genetic testing and the prevention of job- related diseasesD.the functions of genetic markers【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的最后一句“Many of these illnesses and deaths are attributable to chemically hazardous substances.”许多这些工作相关的疾病和死亡可归因于化学危险物质。所以选项B正确。2.根据第二段的第三

58、句“An alternative approach is to capitalize on the fact that not all individuals are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace.”另一种方法是利用并非所有人在工作场所同样容易受到健康危害这一事实。选项D符合原文。3.根据原文内容可知，第一段列举了lung and bladder cancers, skin ailments, emphysema, and heart disease等5种职业病以及第二段提及的asbestosis，所以一共是6种。

59、选项A正确。4.根据第四段的第一句“Recent research also suggests that presence of a defective gene on the eleventh chromosome reduces the bodys ability to remove excess cholesterol deposits from artery walls, thus predisposing carriers of the gene to coronary artery disease.”选项A正确。5.结合全文内容可知，文章的主要内容是关于基因的测试研究以及职业病的预

60、防。选项C更符合原文。8. 单选题Architects are hopeless when it comes to deciding whether the public will view their designs as marvels or monstrosities, according to a study by Canadian psychologists. They say designers should go back to school to learn about ordinary peoples tastes.Many buildings that appeal to

61、architects get the thumbs down from the public. Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria in British Columbia decided to find out whether architects understand public preferences and simply disagree with them, or fail to understand the lay persons view.With his colleague Graham Brown, he asked 25

62、 experienced architects to look at photos of 42 large building in the US, Canada, Europe and Hong Kong. The architects predicted how the public would rate the building on a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 represented “terrible” and 10 “excellent”. A further 27 people who were not architects also scored th

63、e buildings out of 10. In addition, eight architects gave their own personal ratings of the buildings.The three groups tended to agree among themselves on a buildings merits. And architects correctly predicted that lay people would on average rate buildings higher than they did themselves. But for individual buildings, the architects perceptions of what the lay people would think were often way off the mark. “Some architects are quite good at predicting lay prefe