2022-2023年考博英语-暨南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第39期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-暨南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Research suggests that, heavy penalties do not act as a（ ）to potential criminals.问题1选项A.deterrentB.preventionC.safeguardD.distraction【答案】A【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。deterrent“威慑物；制止物”；prevention“预防；阻止”；safeguard“保护；安全设施”；distraction“分心；消遣”，heavy penalties“严厉的刑罚”是用来威慑那些犯罪者的，所

2、以此处应该选择名词deterrent，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：研究表明，严厉的刑罚并不能威慑那些潜在的犯罪者。2. 单选题There is no（ ）for hard work and perseverance of you want to succeed.问题1选项A.alterationB.equivalentC.alternativeD.substitute【答案】C【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。alteration “改变；变化”；equivalent “相等的”；alternative“可供选择的事物”；substitute“代替”，根据“勤奋和坚持”与“成功”之间的关系，我们可

3、以知道一般来说“勤奋和坚持”是“成功”的必要条件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奋和坚持”之外就没有别的选择符合逻辑，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：你想成功的话，除了勤奋和坚持之外你没有别的选择。3. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】

4、考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete “陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。4. 单选题Last week the financial manager asked for a（ ）to Beijing branch, which was just set

5、up three months ago.问题1选项A.transferB.transmissionC.transformationD.transport【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijing branch,

6、 因此A选项正确。5. 单选题After an（ ）tour performance, the actress decided to fly to Hawaii to have a full relaxation.问题1选项A.generousB.exhaustingC.favoriteD.numerous【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项generous“慷慨的，大方的”；B选项exhausting“使人筋疲力尽的”；C选项favorite“最受喜爱的”；D选项numerous“许多的”。句意：在一场使人筋疲力尽的巡回演唱会之后，这位女演员决定飞往夏威夷度假放松。根据句意女演员决定飞往

7、夏威夷度假放松可知前面的演唱会让人筋疲力尽所以才想要放松。因此B选项正确。6. 单选题The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs（ ）.问题1选项A.suicidalB.obsoleteC.availableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项suicidal“自杀的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项available“可获得的，有空的”；D选项profitable“有

8、利可图的，有益的”。句意：高科技以前所未有的速度发展，使得许多传统的办公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技发展导致传统办公室工作过时/淘汰，B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题She took up so many hobbies（ ）when she retired that she had hardly any time.问题1选项A.in handB.at handC.on her handsD.at her hand【答案】A【解析】本题考查了同义词组辨析。in hand“在手中；掌握住”；at hand“在手边；即将到

9、来”；on her hands“（双手）趴在地上”；at her hand“在她手上”，此处表达的意思是“掌握多门兴趣爱好”，所以要用词组in hand，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：在她退休在家几乎没有什么时间的时候她居然掌握了多门业余爱好。8. 写作题Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words.1.盗版现象日益严重2.盗版造成的后果3.我对抵制盗版问题的看法【答案】【参考范文】The Problem of Piracy9. 单选题He joined a computer dating scheme（ ）but so far it

10、hasnt a suitable patter.问题1选项A.come byB.come acrossC.come up withD.come round to【答案】B【解析】本题考查了词组的辨析。come by“经过”；come across“偶遇；偶然发现”；come up with“想出”；come round to“改变主意”，此处只有使用词组come across表示“偶然”才符合句子的语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：他偶然加入了一个计算机日程计划，但是到目前为止它还没有一个合适的模式。10. 填空题Your Smartphone May Be Hurting Your Sl

11、eepA) You love your smartphone, but it may be ruining your ZZZs. Use of these devices, especially near bedtime, is associated with worse quality of sleep, according to a new study. “When we looked at smartphone use around the time when participants reported they went to bed, more smartphone use arou

12、nd that time in particular was associated with a longer time to fall asleep and worse sleep quality during the night,” said Dr. Gregory Marcus, author of the study and an associate professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. His research was published Wednesday in the journ

13、al PLOS One.B) The word “crack-berry” became popular roughly a decade ago to describe the addictive quality of BlackBerry devicesarguably the first really successful smartphones. Today, almost everyone is a smartphone junkie, standing with head bowed while waiting for a train or in line at the post

14、office.C) Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related. To answer this question, he used exiting information collected by an Internet-based study he started in March 2016.D) “Health

15、E-Heart,” which was funded by the National Institutes of Health is designed to study cardiovascular health. Anyone 18 years of age or older can enroll in Health E-Heart, co-founded by Drs. Mark Pletcher and Jeffrey Olgin, professors at UCSF. After signing a consent form, enrolled participants self-r

16、eport their health data via a series of online questionnaires. The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.E) About 80,000 participants have enrolled in Health E-Heart, Marcus said. “Weve had people from every st

17、ate in the US, lots of people from every state, and we actually have people from 50 countries.” Marcus and his co-founders also make the data available to other scientists conducting unrelated studies. For the new smartphone study, Marcus made use of this wealth of information to conduct his own “su

18、b-study”.F) Of the total Health E-Heart enrollees, 653 people chose to participate in and complete the new smartphone-sleep study. Participants installed an app on their phones to automatically record the total number of minutes in each hour the screen was turned on (total screen time) during a 30-d

19、ay period. These participants had already reported their sleep hours and sleep quality using a validated questionnaire as part of the general Health E-Heart experience, Marcus explained. So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus information ab

20、out their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues. By answering so many questions, participants were unaware of what the researchers were studying, explained Marcus: “We wouldnt expect any bias.”G) Analyzing the data, the researchers discovered that, on average, partic

21、ipants used their smartphones for a total of 38.4 hours over a 30-day period. Individuals with a longer average screen time were more likely to have poorer sleep quality and less sleep overall: About 35% of those who used their smartphones for shorter amounts of time than average had sleep difficult

22、ies, compared with 42% of those with average or greater than average use. And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their smartphones near bedtime.H) The researchers discovered that screen-time varies throughout a 24-hour period, but most occurs during the day. Yet for some pa

23、rticipants, smartphone use peaked during the night. “We cant exclude the possibility that some people cant sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they cant sleep, theyre using their smartphone, just to pass the time,” Marcus said.I) Despite potential shortcomings, Marcus research is

24、 in line with other studies showing that the use of technology near bedtime is associated with difficulty sleeping, such as the 2015 National Sleep Foundation poll. Other research has shown that the blue light emitted by smartphones (and other digital devices) might suppress our bodys production of

25、melatonin, a hormone that induces tiredness and contributes to the timing of sleep-wake cycles. “So theres some biological plausibility supporting the idea that there is a causal relationship, but we werent able to identify that,” Marcus noted.J) “It is believed that sleep is a restorative process a

26、nd a basic biologic need,” said Dr. Neil Kline, a sleep physician, internist and representative of the American Sleep Association. “When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail. Not only does our performance, memory and attention span suffer, our immun

27、e system and endocrine system is also impaired.”K) Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, childrens sleep is also affected by technology, according to an unrelated study. Lead author Ben Carter, a senior lecturer in biostatistics at Kings College London, and h

28、is colleagues discovered that for teens and children, the use of cell phones, tablets and computers is associated with losing sleep time and sleep quality.L) Marcus said he suspects that some people may be affected more than others and overuse of a smartphone impacts their sleep more than it would f

29、or other people. He hopes to investigate this question in the future. Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber. He add

30、ed, “Theres almost certainly no harm in giving that a good try.”11. Our addiction to smartphones dates back to about ten years ago._12. Data from Health E-Heart are collected and used for researchers into heart diseases._13. The findings of Dr. Marcuss study appeared in PLOS One. _14. Bad sleepers a

31、re advised not to use their smartphones half an hour or so before they go to bed. _15. Marcus started his research because he suspected there might be some correlation between sleep loss and smartphone use. _16. The use of digital devices affects childrens sleep too._17. To make sure his study was o

32、bjective, Marcus required his subjects to provide many more of their life details than just sleep hours and sleep quality._18. Researchers found those who spend longer time playing with their smartphones are more likely to sleep badly._19. Marcus conceded that some people were sleepless at night for

33、 reasons unrelated to mobile phone use._20. Sleep is our basic biological need and lack of it may cause our body functions to decline. _ 【答案】11.B12.D13.A14.L15.C16.K17.F18.G19.H20.J【解析】11.主旨大意题。题干意思为“我们对智能手机的上瘾可以追溯到大约十年前。”文章第二段主要讲了自十年前黑莓手机被生产出来之后，人们开始对智能手机上瘾，由此可推断出人们对智能手机的上瘾可追溯到大约十年前。因此段落B正确。12.主旨大意

34、题。题干意思为“来自健康E-Heart的数据被收集并用于研究心脏病。”文章段落D说到“The information is gathered, analyzed and used to research and develop strategies to prevent and treat all aspects of heart disease.（这些信息被收集、分析并用于研究和制定预防和治疗心脏病各个方面的策略。）”，其中“这些信息”指来自健康E-Heart的数据，因此段落D正确。13.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯博士的研究结果发表在公共科学图书馆（综合）杂志上。”文章段落A说到“His

35、 research was published Wednesday in the journal PLOS One.（他的研究发表在周三的公共科学图书馆（综合）杂志上。）”，该句与题干意思匹配，因此段落A正确。14.主旨大意题。题干意思为“建议睡眠不好的人不要在睡前半小时左右使用智能手机。”文章段落L说到“Based on his results, he suggested that insomniacs and other troubled sleepers should avoid looking at their screens for half an hour or so before

36、 going to bed to see whether that might enhance the quality of their slumber.（根据他的研究结果，他建议失眠症患者和其他睡眠有问题的人应该避免在上床前半小时左右看屏幕，看看这是否能提高他们的睡眠质量。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落L正确。15.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯开始这项研究是因为他怀疑睡眠不足和使用智能手机之间可能存在某种关联。”文章段落C说到“Knowing that smartphone use has increased together with sleep deprivation rates

37、, Marcus and his colleagues decided to investigate whether the two might be related.（了解到智能手机的使用和睡眠不足的比例一起增加，马库斯和他的同事们决定调查这两者是否有关联。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落C正确。16.主旨大意题。题干意思为“数字设备的使用也会影响儿童的睡眠。”文章段落K说到“Though most of these negative effects have been studied exclusively in adults, childrens sleep is also affe

38、cted by technology, according to an unrelated study.（尽管大多数这些负面影响只在成年人身上进行了研究，但另一项不相关的研究表明，儿童的睡眠也受到科技产品的影响。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落K正确。17.主旨大意题。题干意思为“为了确保他的研究是客观的，马库斯要求他的研究对象提供更多的生活细节，而不仅仅是睡眠时间和睡眠质量。”段落F说到“So, when answering the sleep assessment questions, participants also entered demographic data plus in

39、formation about their alcohol use, physical activity, smoking habits and other health issues.（因此，在回答睡眠评估问题时，参与者还输入了人口统计数据，以及有关他们的酒精使用、体育活动、吸烟习惯和其他健康问题的信息。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落F正确。18.主旨大意题。题干意思为“研究人员发现，花更长的时间玩智能手机的人更有可能睡眠不好。”文章段落G说到“And poor quality sleep was more likely for participants who used their

40、smartphones near bedtime.（睡眠质量差的人更有可能在睡前使用智能手机。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落G正确。19.主旨大意题。题干意思为“马库斯承认，有些人晚上睡不着觉的原因与使用手机无关。”文章段落H说到“We cant exclude the possibility that some people cant sleep for some completely unrelated reason, and because they cant sleep, theyre using their smartphone, just to pass the time.（

41、我们不能排除一些人因为完全无关的原因无法入睡的可能性，因为他们无法入睡，所以他们使用智能手机，只是为了打发时间。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落H正确。20.主旨大意题。题干意思为“睡眠是我们的基本生理需要，缺乏睡眠可能会导致我们的身体功能下降。”文章段落J说到“When animals, including humans, are deprived of sleep, there are many body systems that fail.（当动物，包括人类，被剥夺睡眠时，许多身体系统会失效。）”，该句与题干意思相匹配，因此段落J正确。11. 单选题Working with the

42、mentally handicapped requires considerable（ ）of patience; and understanding.问题1选项A.meansB.stocksC.provisionsD.resources【答案】D【解析】本题考查名词辨析题。means“方法；手段”；stocks“股份；库存”；provisions “规定；条款”；resources“资源；物力”，此处resources of patience表示“全部的耐心”的意思，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：与精神上有缺陷的人工作需要拿出所有的耐心和理解。12. 单选题According to the l

43、atest report, consumer confidence（ ）a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。soared“飘升”；mutated“变化；突变”；plummeted“骤降”；fluctuated“波动”，根据lowest level“最低水平”可知此处应该填plummeted。句意：根据最近的报告，消费者信任度上个月惊人的15个点，达到九年中最低值。故正确答

44、案为选项C。13. 不定项选择题The development of jazz can be seen as part of the larger continuum of American popular music, especially dance music. In the twenties, jazz became the hottest new thing in dance music, much as ragtime had at the turn of the century, and as would rhythm and blues in the fifties, rock

45、 in the fifties, and disco in the seventies. But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is improvisation, the changing of a musical phrase according to the players inspiration. Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the improvised or para

46、phrased is a jazz musicians main opportunity to display his or her individuality. In early jazz, musicians often improvised melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony. There was little soloing as such, although some New Orleans players, particularly comet player Buddy Bolden, achieved

47、local fame for their ability to improvise a solo. Later the idea of the chorus-long or multicourse solo took hold. Louis Armstrongs instrumental brilliance, demonstrated through extended solos, was a major influence in this development.Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had feature

48、d soloists. Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such “get-off” musicians. Unimproved, completely structured jazz does exist, but the ability of the best jazz musicians to create music of great cohesion and beauty during performance has been a hallmark of the music

49、 and its major source of inspiration and change. The second distinguishing characteristic of jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially called “hot” and later “swing”. In playing hot, a musician consciously departs from strict meter to create a relaxed sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the und

50、erlying rhythms. (“Rough” tone and use of moderate vibrato also contributed to a hot sound.) Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs. Still, the proclivity to play hot distinguished the jazz musician from other instrumentalists.1. The p

51、assage answers which of the following questions?2. According to the passage, jazz musicians are able to demonstrate their individual artistry mainly by?3. Which of the following was the function of “get-off” musicians?4. The word “unadorned” is closest in meaning to（ ）.5. The topic of the passage is

52、 developed primarily by means of（ ）.问题1选项A.Which early jazz musicians most influenced rhythm and blues music?B.What are the differences between jazz and other forms of music?C.Why is dancing closely related to popular music in the United States?D.What instruments comprised a typical jazz band of the

53、 1920s?问题2选项A.creating musical variations while performingB.preparing musical arrangementsC.reading music with great skillD.being able to play all types of popular music问题3选项A.Assist the other band members in packing up after a performance.B.Teach dance routines created for new music.C.Lead the band

54、.D.Provide solo performances in a band or orchestra.问题4选项A.lovelyB.plainC.disorganizedD.inexpensive问题5选项A.dividing the discussion into two major areasB.presenting contrasting points of viewC.providing biographies of famous musicianD.describing historical events in sequence【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题

55、:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is “有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个特点展开，由此可知B选项 “爵士音乐与其他形式的音乐最大的区别是什么”符合文章大意，A选项“哪位早期的爵士乐手对节奏和蓝调音乐影响最大”，并没有谈论很多乐手；C选项“为什么美国的舞蹈和音乐的联系那么密切”，文章没有谈及美国的舞蹈，只开始一句带过；D选项“什么乐器组成了19世纪20年代最典

56、型的爵士乐队”，乐器方面也并未过多说明。因此B选项正确。第2题:事实细节题。文章第一段提到Like all artists, jazz musicians strive for an individual style, and the improvised or paraphrased is a jazz musicians main opportunity to display his or her individuality. 和所有的艺术家一样，爵士音乐家追求自己独特的风格，即兴创作或意译是爵士音乐家展示自己个性的主要机会。A选项“在表演时创造音乐的变化”与原文意思相同； B选项“准备音

57、乐改编”，不是准备好的音乐，而是即兴的；C选项“有技巧的阅读音乐”并未提及；选项D“能够演奏所有类型的流行音乐”也不对。因此A选项正确。第3题:判断推理题。结合文章第二段Even in the early twenties, however, some jazz bands had featured soloists. Similarly, show orchestras and carnival bands often included one or two such “get-off” musicians.“即使在二十世纪初，一些爵士乐队也有独唱的特色。类似地，表演乐团和嘉年华乐队通常也会

58、有一两个这样的“get-off”音乐家。”可知，“get-off”音乐家的功能是独唱。A选项“演出结束后，协助其他乐队成员收拾行装”并未涉及；B选项“教新音乐的舞蹈动作”，文中只提到独唱并没有说舞蹈动作；C选项“领导乐队”与原文不符；D选项“在乐队或管弦乐队中提供独奏表演”与原文提到的独唱特色相对应。因此D选项正确。第4题:词义推测题。由unadorned这个词定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话Not all jazz is hot, however, many early bands played unadorned published arrangements of popular songs.

59、“然而，并不是所有的爵士乐都是热门的，许多早期的乐队演奏的是未经修饰的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思为“未经修饰的，朴素的”。A选项“可爱的”意思不同；B选项“平的，普通的，朴素的”与之意思一致；C选项“紊乱的”错误；D选项“便宜的”可排除。因此B选项符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。结合51题内容，文中讨论了爵士乐和其他形式的音乐，文章第一段提到But two characteristics distinguish jazz from other dance music. The first is“有两个特点将爵士乐和其他形式的音乐区分开来”，之后的段落就一直围绕着这两个

60、特点展开叙述，所以这篇文章的主题主要是通过分开表述爵士乐区分其他音乐的两个特点展开的。A选项“把讨论分成两个主要部分”符合题意；B选项“提出相反的观点”，原文没有提出其他相反观点，B错误；C选项“提供著名音乐家的传记”，文中没有涉及音乐人物传记；D选项“按顺序描述历史事件”文章并未叙述历史事件，可以排除。因此A选项符合题意。14. 单选题Having decided to rent a flat we（ ）contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.问题1选项A.set outB.set toC.set aboutD.set of

61、f【答案】C【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。set out“动身；着手做某事”；set to“开始做某事”；set about“开始做某事”；set off“出发；动身”，set to后面应该接动词原形，此句中的动词是用的现在分词形式，所以可以排除选项B；选项D是“出发，动身去某地”的意思， 不符合此处的语境；set out一般与不定式to do连用，所以可以排除选项A，故正确答案为选项C。15. 不定项选择题At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Jus

62、tice Network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science history might contribute to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been

63、 dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz, for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in the United States by using firearms