2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第2期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-昆明理工大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题I （ ）you that the goods will be delivered next week.问题1选项A.ensureB.assureC.confirmD.insist【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”，指确保某事会发生，宾语一般接物，而不是人；B选项assure“使确信，向保证”，其后宾语一搬接人；C选项confirm“（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明，确认”；D选项insist“坚决要求，坚持”。由宾语you可知选B。句意：我向你保证，这批货将于下周交货。2. 单选题Over

2、 the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But the one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter in the l

3、ower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA car has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between t

4、he halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in th

5、e first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrtien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hay

6、ami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the worlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Alien, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely by coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged

7、, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insen

8、sitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies

9、, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they

10、plough through them.1.What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?2.What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?3.The fourth paragraph suggests that（ ）.4.What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Para. 5)?5.Which of the following is tru

11、e according to the text?问题1选项A.A kind of overlook inequality.B.A type of conspicuous bias.C.A type of personal prejudice.D.A kind of brand discrimination.问题2选项A.In both East and West, names are essential to success.B.The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C.Customers often pay a lot

12、of attention to companies names.D.Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.问题3选项A.questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB.alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC.teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD.students should be seated a

13、ccording to their eyesight问题4选项A.They are getting impatient.B.They are noisily dozing off.C.They are feeling humiliated.D.They are busy with word puzzles.问题5选项A.People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.B.VIPs in the western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C.The campa

14、ign to eliminate alphabtism still has a long way to go.D.Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surname beginning with a letter i

15、n the lower half of the alphabet.（对于那些尚未意识到这一劣势的人来说，这是指对那些姓氏以字母表下半部分的字母开头的人的歧视）可知A选项“一种被忽视的不公平”符合题意。2.推理判断题。文章第一段提出字母排序是一种隐藏的歧视；第二三段举例说明字母排序的歧视，因此D选项“某种形式的歧视太微妙以至于无法识别”符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章第四段介绍了从入学开始，老师们就按姓氏首字母排序安排学生的座位，很少关注那些由于姓氏首字母靠后而经常被安排在教室的后面，也很少向他们提问，因此C选项“老师们应该关注所有的学生”符合题意。4.词义题。由文章最后一段中的The humil

16、iation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.（羞辱还在继续。在大学毕业典礼上，ABC们自豪地获得了他们的奖项；等轮到Zysman们的时候，大多数人实际上已经ZZZ了）可在推测等轮到Zysman们领奖时，其他人由于等的时间太长，差不多都会睡着了。ZZZ表示“（拟声）打鼾声”，dozing off表示“打瞌

17、睡”，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章主要介绍了字母排序所带来的歧视，这种歧视是隐蔽的，是无意中导致的，因此D选项“按字母顺序排列可能会导致无意的偏见”符合题意。3. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.promiseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项promise“诺言，许诺”；C选项certificate

18、“证明书”；D选项receipt“收据，收条”。根据maintenance（维修）可知A选项符合逻辑。句意：记得为这些商品要一份质量保修单，否则他们不会提供任何维修服务。4. 单选题He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never （ ）his early promise.问题1选项A.completedB.performedC.concludedD.fulfilled【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项complete“完成，结束，使完整”；B选项perform“表演，执行”；C选项conclude“推断出，得出结论，（使）结束”；D选项

19、fulfill“履行（诺言等），执行”。根据promise（承诺）可知选D。句意：他小时候是一位才华横溢的音乐家，但他从来没有实现过早期的诺言。5. 单选题One way for writers to support a point is through（ ）, that is, by means of several examples to back up an idea.问题1选项A.illustrationB.explanationC.demonstrationD.interpretation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项illustration“说明”，有举例说明的意思；B选项

20、explanation“解释”；C选项demonstration“游行示威，证明”；D选项interpretation“解释，说明”。根据several examples（几个例子）可知选A。句意：作家支持一个观点的一种方法是通过说明，即通过几个例子来支持一个观点。6. 单选题Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operat

21、ion. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrat

22、e the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and

23、for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modem world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hop

24、e this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles sci

25、ence may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the

26、people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fiel

27、ds and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural

28、nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as we

29、ll as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1.According to the passage, “scientific su

30、bculture” means（ ）.2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because（ ）.3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who（ ）.4.According to this passage, which of the following is true?5.The text most probably is（ ）.问题1选项A.cultural groups that are formed

31、by scientists.B.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science问题2选项A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientistsB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific

32、 subcultureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science问题3选项A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.want to have a superficial understanding of science问题4选项A.E

33、nglish is a sexist language.B.Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C.Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.D.Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.问题5选项A.a book reviewB.the preface of a book

34、C.the postscript of a bookD.the concluding part of a book【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are.（他们还应该了解科学家生活的亚文化群体以及他们是什么样的人）和第三段中的We have tried to present in this book an ac

35、curate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it.（我们试图在这本书中给出一个准确的、最新的描述科学界及生活在科学界的人）可推测“scientific subculture（科学亚文化群体）”指的是由科学家组成的文化群体，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structu

36、re and operation.（因为它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一个方面，受过教育的人至少需要了解它的结构和运作）可知B选项“科学几乎影响我们生活的方方面面”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial（这本书是为聪明的学生或非专业人士而写的，他们的科学知识是肤浅的）可知A选项“聪明的大学生和不懂科学的门外汉”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的This increasing role

37、 of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a langua

38、ge that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals.（随着越来越多的女性进入传统的男性主导的领域并作出重大贡献，女性在科学亚文化中的作用日益增强，这不是一个独特的事件，而是社会各方面明显的趋势的一部分。然而，在讨论这些变化和贡献时，我们面临着一种有点性别歧视的语言，一种使用男性名词或代词来指代未指明的个人）可知D选项“男性名词或代词不应用于指科学家”符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章首段提出科学是我们文化的重大主题；第二段指出本书的读者对象；

39、第三段指出科学界存在的语言性别歧视；最后一段指出本书有娱乐性和知识性。因此可以推测这篇文章是一本书的序言，选B。7. 单选题Your advice would be（ ）valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.问题1选项A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD.exclusively【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项exceedingly“非常，极其”；B选项excessively“过度地”；C选项extensively“广大地，广泛地”；D选项exclusively

40、“唯一地”。根据valuable（很重要的，宝贵的）可知A选项最为恰当，表示“非常有价值”。句意：你的建议对他非常有价值，因为他现在不知道该先做什么。8. 单选题You didnt put on more clothes; otherwise you（ ）cold.问题1选项A.wouldnt have caughtB.wouldnt catchC.cant catchD.cant have caught【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。otherwise表示“否则，要不然”时，其后的句子是否用虚拟语气。由You didnt put on more clothes可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故空格处

41、用过去完成时，因此选A。句意：你没有多穿衣服，否则就不会感冒了。9. 单选题One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies in the history of thought is caused by the uncertainty（ ）to solve a given problem by traditional methods previously applied to problems which seem to be of the same nature.问题1选项A.that is possibleB.whether it is pos

42、sibleC.that it is possibleD.about what is possible【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。句子主干为One of the recurrent frustrations and tragedies is caused by the uncertainty（反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一是由不确定性引起的），由空格前的uncertainty（不确定性）可知此处表示的是“一种可能性”。因此选B，由whether引导的同位语从句对前面的抽象名词uncertainty进行解释说明。句意：思想史上反复出现的挫折和悲剧之一，是由不确定性引起的，即是否用传统的方法来解决一

43、个给定的问题，这些方法以前应用于看起来性质相同的问题中。10. 单选题Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was（ ）timed with the planes take-off.问题1选项A.simultaneouslyB.instantaneouslyC.spontaneouslyD.conscientiously【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项simultaneously“同时地”；B选项instantaneously“突如其来地，即刻”

44、；C选项spontaneously“自然地，自发地”；D选项conscientiously“凭良心地，认真地”。当虚拟条件句中的谓语含有were，had， should时，可省略连词if，将were，had， should置于句首。Had the explosion broken out=If the explosion had broken out（如果爆炸突然发生），由“爆炸发生”与“飞机上的乘客死亡”可推测这两个动词应是同时发生的，因此选A。句意：如果爆炸突然发生，飞机上的乘客就会被杀死，因为爆炸发生的时间和飞机起飞的时间是同一时间。11. 翻译题Read the following p

45、aragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy of logical analysis. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics（量子力学）.What is important to the philosopher in the theory of re

46、lativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and physics developed the notion of “thing” into that of “material substance,” and thought of

47、material substance as consisting of particles, each very small, and each persisting throughout all time. Einstein substituted events（事素）for particles; each event had to each other a relation called “interval,” which could be analyzed in various ways into a time element and a space-element. The choic

48、e between these various ways was arbitrary（任意的）, and no one of them was theoretically preferable to any other.【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中，对哲学家来说，重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的，这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在，并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念，并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的，每个粒子都很小，而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子；

49、每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系，可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的，理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。12. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English.据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于750

50、00美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。【答案】According to the differences in wealth, race, education and region, great distance has existed in the ownership of computer and Internet access.The statistics show that the ownership of computer and Internet acce

51、ss have increased rapidly in the most affluent and well-educated white people who usually owns high-school and university diploma and stable two-parent families. The possibility of using Internet in the families with the highest income, more than 75,000 dollars, is twenty times as much as that in th

52、e families with low income, less than 10,000 dollars. The rate of using computer in high income families has reached 76.56%, while the rate in low income families has only 8%.13. 单选题The（ ）of electronic computers has opened up new ways of data analysis for the scientists.问题1选项A.advertB.adverseC.adven

53、tD.advise【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项advert作名词表示“广告，宣传”，作不及物动词表示“引起注意，提到”；B选项adverse“不利的，有害的”是形容词；C选项advent“（重要事件、人物、发明等的）出现，到来”是名词；D选项advise“劝告，忠告，建议”是动词。由“the+名词+of”及句意可知选C。句意：电子计算机的出现为科学家们开辟了新的数据分析方法。14. 单选题The residents, （ ）had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.问题1选项A.all their

54、 homesB.all whose homesC.all of whose homesD.all of their homes【答案】C【解析】考查非限制定语从句。本句的主干为The residents were given help by the Red Cross. “_had been damaged by the flood”前后有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，先行词the residents与home之间是所属关系，故用关系代词whose，whose homes作为一个整体充当介词of的宾语。句意：所有房屋都被洪水破坏的居民得到了红十字会的帮助。15. 单选题Although not a

55、n economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments （ ）policies.问题1选项A.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economics【答案】B【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economical“经济的，实惠的，节俭的”；B选项economic“经济上的，经济学的，有利可图的”；C选项economy“经济，经济情况”；D选项economics“经济学”。空格处为形容词作定语修饰名词policies，B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：史密斯博士本人虽然不是经济学

56、家，但长期以来一直严厉批评政府的经济政策。16. 单选题Generous public funding of basic science would（ ）considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.问题1选项A.result fromB.settle downC.lie inD.lead to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项result from“产生于， 由引起”；B选项settle down“定居”；C选项lie in“在于，位于”；D选项lead to“导致，把带到”。根据句子之间的逻辑关系可

57、知选D，表示慷慨的公共资助会给国家带来好处。句意：对基础科学慷慨的公共资助将为国家的健康、财富和安全带来可观的好处。17. 单选题A chameleon is a type of reptile that can（ ）the color of its surroundings so that it can not be seen easily.问题1选项A.deal withB.take onC.seek outD.escape from【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项deal with“涉及，处理”；B选项take on“呈现，显出（新面貌或新特点）”；C选项seek out“搜出，找

58、出”；D选项escape from“逃脱”。从句“that can_the color of its surroundings”中的空格处应填入一个谓语动词，其宾语为color，故B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：变色龙是一种爬行动物，它可以呈现周围环境的颜色，因此不容易被看见。18. 单选题Some of the online services are free, while others（ ） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选

59、项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。19. 单选题This new round of layoff occurring in major industrial cities will only reduce profits and（ ）an economic crisis.问题1选项A.rectifyB.precipitateC.offendD.al

60、ternate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，校正”；B选项precipitate“使突然降临；加速（坏事的发生），使突然陷入（某种状态）”；C选项offend“得罪，冒犯，犯罪”；D选项alternate“交替，轮流”。由reduce profits and _an economic crisis（减少利润和_经济危机）可知B选项符合语境。句意：主要工业城市新一轮的停产只会降低利润并陷入经济危机。20. 单选题Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence

61、, as a National（ ）area in national crime prevention strategies.问题1选项A.requirementB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。由Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National _area in national crime prevention strategies.（大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的_领域）可知D选项符合语境。句意：大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。