2022-2023年考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题（含答案解析）第47期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湖北省联考模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Jack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent . （ ）, I cant speak too highly of him.问题1选项A.As a resultB.By the wayC.In a wordD.On the contrary【答案】C【解析】as a result作为结果；by the way顺便说；in a word总之，简言之；on the contrary正相反。句意：杰克善良、勤奋、聪明。总之，我对他评价再高也不过分。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题

2、Education is one of the key words of our time. A man, without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states “invest” in institutions of learn

3、ing to get back “interest” in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, is punctuated by textbooksthose purchasable wells of wisdomwhat would civilization be like without its benefits?So

4、much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on “facts and figures” and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his

5、fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of “college” imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in

6、this respect everybody is equally equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no “illiter

7、ates”一if the term can be applied to people without a scriptwhile our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make

8、sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the “happy few” during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of

9、a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the grasslands know of no “juvenile delinquency”. No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children and no father is confronted with his inability to

10、“buy” an education for his child.1.The word “interest” in the first paragraph most probably means（ ）.2.According to the passage, the author seems to be （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）. 4.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?5.The best title for this p

11、assage is（ ）. 问题1选项A.pleasureB.returnsC.shareD.knowledge问题2选项A.against the education in the very early historic timesB.in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesC.quite happy to see an equal start for everyoneD.positive about our present educational instruction问题3选项A.the aim of “equa

12、l start” has already been reached among savagesB.savages in ancient times are more civilized than modern peopleC.the modern education system is more democratic than beforeD.there are no illiterates in civilized nations in todays society问题4选项A.Education cant work without the benefits of textbooks.B.W

13、e have not yet decided on our educational models.C.Compulsory schooling is not existent in all nations.D.Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.问题5选项A.Education and Modern CivilizationB.The Significance of Modern EducationC.Educational Investment and the Profit It BringsD.Education: A Compa

14、rison between Past and Present【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.根据原文句意：由于深信教育的重要性，现代国家“投资”于学习机构，培养一大批开明的，有可能成为领导的青年男女，以此来获得“回报”。“invest”和“interest”相对应，所以选项B正确。2.根据第三段第一句“It is the ideal condition of the “equal start” which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.”这是“平等起步”的

15、理想状态，只有我们最先进的现代教育形式才试图恢复这种理想状态。由此可以推断，作者似乎赞同原始文化中的平等教育传统，所以选项B符合原文。3.根据第二段的最后两句，在我们喜欢称之为野蛮人的人群中，所有由传统继承的知识都为所有人所共享;它被教导给部落的每一个成员，因此在这方面，每个人都是平等地为生活做好准备。由此可知，野蛮人已经达到了“平等起步”的目标，所以选项A正确。4.根据第三段“.our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England 1876,

16、and is still non-existent in a number of “civilized” nations.”德国于1642年将义务教育列入法律条文，法国在1806年，英国是在1876年，但是在一些“文明”国家仍然不存在。由此可知，并非所有的国家都有义务教育，选项C符合原文。5.结合全文内容可知，本文主要将过去的教育和现代的教育进行对比，指出现代教育的不足之处，选项D最能概括全文，所以正确。3. 写作题You are supposed to write a letter to a professor in a university in the United States or

17、UK, requesting for the possibility of a cooperative program for Ph. D. there.1.The letter should begin with “Dear Professor XXX”2.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.3.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Ma Qing” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Profes

18、sor Peter Day,I am Ma Qing from Nanjing University in Jiangsu Province, the Peoples Republic of China. I have become a Ph. D. candidate of our university. My research interest is comparative culture. What I am really interested in is the similarity and difference between American culture and Chinese

19、 culture. I am proud to say that I have made some achievements in my academic research. My research papers often appear in some influential core journals in China. But to tell the truth,my knowledge of the United States is far less than my knowledge of China. So that is not conducive to writing my d

20、issertation related to comparative culture. Under such circumstances, I should like to pursue a co-operative program for Ph. D. in your university. If I have finished learning some courses in China this year,I will take some other courses in your university next year. I especially wish to make great

21、er progress in my academic research under your tutelage because I know you are a famous scholar in the East West Center,the University of Hawaii.If you could accept my request, I would appreciate it very much. I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours respectfully Ma Qing 4. 翻译题A recent ph

22、enomenon in present-day science and technology is the increasing trend toward “directed” or “programmed” research; i. e. research whose scope and objectives are predetermined by private or government organizations rather than researchers themselves. Any scientist working for such organizations and i

23、nvestigating in a given field therefore tends to do so in accordance with a plan or program designed beforehand.At the beginning of the century, however, the situation was quite different. At that time there were no industrial research organizations in the modern sense; the laboratory unit consisted

24、 of a few scientists at the most, assisted by one or two technicians. Nevertheless, the scientist, often working with inadequate equipment in unsuitable rooms, was free to choose any subject for investigation he liked, since there was no predetermined program to which he had to conform.As the centur

25、y developed, the increasing magnitude and complexity of the problems to be solved made it impossible, in many cases, for the individual scientist to deal with the huge mass of new data, techniques and equipment that were required for carrying out research accurately and efficiently. The increasing s

26、cale and scope of the experiments needed to test new hypotheses and develop new techniques and industrial processes led to the setting up of research groups or teams using highly-complicated equipment in elaborately-designed laboratories. Owing to the large sum of money involved, it was then felt es

27、sential to direct these human and material resources into specific channels with clearly- defined objectives. In this way it was considered that the quickest and most practical results could be obtained. This, then, was programmed (programmatic) research.One of the effects of this organized and stan

28、dardized investigation is to cause the scientist to become increasingly involved in applied research (development), especially in the branches of science which seem most likely to have industrial applications. Private industry and even government departments tend to concentrate on immediate results

29、and show comparatively little interest in long-range investigations.In consequence, there is a steady shift of scientists from the pure to the applied field, where there are more jobs available, frequently more highly-paid and with better technical facilities than jobs connected with pure research i

30、n a university.Owing to the interdependence between pure and applied science, it is easy to see that this system, if extended too far, carries considerable dangers for the future of sciencenot only pure science, but applied science as well.【答案】现代科学技术的一个最新现象是:科学研究越来越朝着“有领导的”或“有计划的”趋势发展， 也就是说，研究的范围和目标

31、是由私营机构或政府机构，而不是由研究人员自己事先决定的。随着本世纪时间的推移，有待解决的问题的重要性与日俱增，其复杂性日趋深化。这就使单个的科学家在许多情况下无法处理进行精确而又高效研究所需要的大量新资料、新技术和新设备。因此，科学家不断从纯科学领域转移到应用科学领域，因为这一领域有更多的工作机会。同大学里的纯理论研究工作相比，这些工作的待遇往往更优厚，技术设施也更好。5. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably（ ）report only in a few pages but with all the details included.问题

32、1选项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】根据后半句：只用了简短的几页但却涵盖了所有的细节，说明这个报告简洁明了，选项A最符合语境。6. 单选题The engineers have used special methods to（ ） the bridge against danger from high winds.问题1选项A.suppressB.lubricateC.heaveD.ensure【答案】D【解析】Suppress抑制, 镇压；lubricate润滑；heave举起, 投掷；ensure确保。句意:工程师们使用特殊的方法来

33、确保这座桥不受狂风的危害。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题Understanding is one of the most important （ ）of a happy marriage.问题1选项A.initiativesB.ingredientsC.proverbsD.possessions【答案】B【解析】initiative主动权, 首创精神；ingredients要素, 组成部分；proverb谚语, 格言；possession拥有, 财产。句意:理解是幸福婚姻最重要的因素之一。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题In Platos Republic we find a discussion

34、about morality and selfishness. Platos brother Glaucon is trying to make Socrates give some good reasons for why it is better to be just than to be unjust. Glaucon insists that all people by nature look after themselves, and whenever we can get away with something, we will do it,regardless of how un

35、just it may be to others. Unfortunately, we may receive the same treatment from others, which is highly unpleasant,so for the sake of peace and security we agree to treat each other decentlynot because we want to, but because we are playing it safe. Morality is just a result of our looking out for o

36、urselves. If we can get away with something, it is our nature to make the most of it.What Glaucon is suggesting here about the origin of society is a first in Western thought. His theory is an example of what has become known as social contract theory, and this type of theory became particularly inf

37、luential much later, in the eighteenth century. A social contract theory assumes that humans used to live in a pre-social setting (without rules, regulations, or cooperation) and then, for various reasons, got together and agreed on setting up a society. Generally, social contract theories assume th

38、at humans decide to build a society with rules for the sake of the common good or for the sake of self-protection. The theory is today known as psychological egoism.To Glaucon,decent persons will do “unjust” things just as quickly as scoundrels if they know they can get away with it since their huma

39、n natures are identical. Here Glaucon is acting as the devils advocate in order to make Socrates defend justice as something that is good in itself. Surely we all can remember events in our lives that show that we dont always act out of self-interest. We may remember that Mother Teresa and other uns

40、elfish souls have spent their lives helping others. The psychological egoist would contend that they may not have been aware of their true motives, but selfish it was, somehow. These people, probably, wanted to get to Heaven, to atone for past wrongdoing, or maybe they just wanted to feel warm insid

41、e.This theory, cynical as it may sound, has established itself firmly in the minds of many modern people. Somehow, this theory removes the halo from above the head of every hero and every unselfish person in the history of humankind. One reason, then, for this theorys popularity is its presumed hone

42、sty. Closely related to the notion of honesty is our modern fascination with cynicism. Oftentimes, people are truly selfish and devious, and things are not what they seem. However, there is a difference between this kind of prudent skepticism and a universal cynicism that borders on paranoia. Such r

43、adical cynicism doesnt allow for the possibility of the existence of goodness and kindness, and this is one of the errors psychological egoists are prone to. Psychological egoists never say that we cant help being selfish to the bonethey just say that there is some hidden selfish motive for whatever

44、 we do that we may not be even aware of.1.What is the main reason for men treating each other decently according to Glaucon?2.Which of the following is true of the social contract theory?3.How would psychological egoists interpret the example of Mother Teresa?4.What errors are psychological egoists

45、likely to make?问题1选项A.It is not right for one to be unjust to other people.B.It is beneficial for people to retain peace and security.C.Morality and selflessness are what we should pursue.D.We are prone to make the most of something.问题2选项A.It is contrary to psychological egoists beliefs.B.It records

46、 human life in a world without operation and rules.C.It presumes that a society with rules is to guarantee the benefits of all.D.It assumes that people are by nature unselfish.问题3选项A.She helps others for the sake of herselfB.Justice is good in itself to the devils advocate.C.Descent persons will do

47、unjust things as well.D.She is a typical person with feelings of paranoia.问题4选项A.They do not justify their theory fully.B.They have changed peoples view.C.They never warn people of their unaware selfishness.D.They go to the extreme of disbelieving people【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第三句“f

48、or the sake of peace and security . we are playing it safe.”为了和平与安全, 我们同意善待彼此不是因为我们想这样做,而是因为我们谨慎行事。也就是说人与人之间保持和平与安全是有益的。选项B符合原文。2.根据关键词“social contract theory”定位到原文第二段,根据倒数第二句“Generally, social contract theories . for the sake of self-protection.”一般来说,社会契约理论认为,人类决定建立一个有规则的社会是为了公共利益或自我保护。选项C符合原文。3.根据

49、关键词“Mother Teresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主义者认为他们可能没有意识到自己的真实动机,但从某种程度上来说,他们是自私的。这些人可能是想上天堂,为过去的错误行为赎罪,或者他们只是想感受内心的温暖。选项A符合原文。4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Such radical cynicism . psychological egoists are prone to.”这种极端的犬儒主义不允许善良和善良存在的可能性,这是心理利己主义者容易犯的错误之一。也就是说他们很极端,容易怀疑他人,所以选项D正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:9. 单选题He was a young man of ba

50、rely eighteen years, evidently country（ ）, and now, as it seemed, on his first visit to town.问题1选项A.brought upB.bredC.grown upD.raised【答案】B【解析】bring up提出，教育，养育；breed养育，培育；grow up成长，长大；raise提高，养育，上升。country bred为常用短语，意为：乡村长大的。所以选项B正确。10. 单选题If you cant give up smoking completely, at least try to（ ） .

51、问题1选项A.take downB.turn downC.cut downD.set down【答案】C【解析】take down放下, 记下；turn down关小, 调低；cut down削减, 减少；settle down定居, 专心于。句意:如果你不能完全戒烟, 至少应该试着减少吸烟。选项C符合句意。11. 单选题Our stomachs can often be a mystery to us and many of us dont realize just how much the food we eat can impact on our mood and mental well

52、-being.According to charity Allergy UK, a shocking 45% of us suffers with food and drink intolerances, beveragethis is called food intolerance.Food intolerance is a much more common problem than food allergy and one of the most harmful symptoms can be low mood. 1 in 4 people in the UK will suffer pr

53、oblems with their mood or mental health every year,with anti-depressant prescriptions increasing by over 40 % in the last 5 years.Recent research from York Test Laboratories, leading experts in food intolerance testing, has found that 97% of their customers reported problems relating to mood as a si

54、gnificant symptom of their food intolerance, of which 73% felt that their mood had significantly improved after altering their diets to remove foods to which they reacted.In addition, in a recent paper published in the Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences,over 81 % of patients reported a significa

55、nt improvement in mood and mental well-being as a direct consequence of applying the dietary changes recommended by York Test.So how is it that the food we eat can have such a significant impact on our mood?Bidirectional connections between the gut and the brain are complex and are regulated in the

56、body in three different ways: through nerves,hormones and the immune system. The gut mediates the bodys immune response; at least 70 per cent of our immune system is situated in the gut and is used to expel and kill foreign invaders.Our gut contains some 100 million neurons (nerve cells) , more than

57、 in either the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system. All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelings. Our gut partly determines our mental state and plays key roles in certain diseases throughout the body. Many p

58、eople will not be aware that 90% of serotonin（血清素）, the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gutit is for these reasons that the gut is often referred to as the second brain.In addition, research has shown that depression is frequently associated with gastrointestinal（肠胃的）inflammationa common s

59、ymptom of food intolerance. By tackling unidentified food intolerances, not only will physical symptoms benefit, but mental health symptoms can often show significant improvement.There are a number of ways to identify potentially mood suppressing food intolerances. One that I recommend is scientific

60、ally validated and well researched is York Test. Its food and drink intolerance test called Food & Drink Scan can uncover potential food and drink triggers, allowing people to simply modify their diets with life changing health benefits.1.The over 40% increase of anti-depressant prescriptions in the

61、 last 5 years in the UK was attributed to（ ） .2.Which is NOT one of the reasons why the gut is often referred to as the “second brain”?3.What frequently has a causal connection with depression?4.What is the purpose in ones taking York Test?问题1选项A.food intoleranceB.foreign invadersC.food allergyD.foo

62、d triggers问题2选项A.Our gut contains more nerve cells than in the spinal cord.B.The neurons in the gut contribute solely to effective digestion.C.90% of the brains “happy hormone” is produced in the gut.D.Certain diseases result from our digestive system.问题3选项A.A psychiatric disorder.B.Bidirectional tr

63、eatment.C.Gastrointestinal inflammation.D.Unidentified physical problems.问题4选项A.To validate the scientific research.B.To detect the source of food intolerance.C.To invent a modification of life style.D.To prescribe anti-depressant drugs【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第三段的内容可知, 食物耐受不良是一个比食物过敏更常见的问题, 最有害的症状之一是情绪低落。在英国, 每年有四分之一的人情绪或心理健康都会出现问题, 在过去的五年中, 抗抑郁药物的处方数量增加了40%以上。所以选项A正确。2.根据第八段的内容可知, 选项A, C, D均符合原文;根据第二句“All of these neurons lining our digestive system do much more than merely handle digestion or cause occasional nervous feelin