2022-2023年考博英语-通用考博英语模拟考试题（含答案解析）第2期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-通用考博英语模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.The history of social work.B.Social work as a profession.C.Academic degrees required of social work applicants.D.The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.问题2选项A.They try to ch

2、ange peoples social behavior.B.They raise peoples awareness of environment.C.They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.D.They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.21.问题3选项A.They have all made a difference through their work.B.They are all members of the National Association

3、.C.They all have an academic degree in social work.D.They have all received strict clinical training.22.问题4选项A.Social works, job options and responsibilities.B.Ways for social workers to meet peoples needs.C.The importance of training for social workers.D.The promotion of social workers social statu

4、s.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】Recording TwoHi, Im Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. Im a social worker, a lobbyist and a special assistant to the Executive Director at the National Association of Social Workers. 19 Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work

5、is the helping profession. 20 Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions

6、, because we focus on the person and environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a persons situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary. In th

7、ousands of ways social workers help other peoplepeople from every age, every background, across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-

8、changing decisions. There are more than six hundred thousand professional social workers in the country, and 21 we all either have a bachelors degree, a masters degree, or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically-trained social workers than clinically-trained psychiatrists, psychologists and

9、psychiatric nurses combined.Throughout this series, you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work and many ways that social workers help others. Later in this series, youll hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow soc

10、ial workers at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and 22 Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility that

11、social workers must adhere to. The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect and advance the social work profession. We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social wor

12、ker. Next, we are going to talk about choosing social work.19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。20. What

13、 do social workers mainly do?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。21. What do professional social workers have in common according to the speaker?

14、【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位， 因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的make a difference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series

15、?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问Mel Wilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，Mel Wilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是Mel Wilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。2. 单选题Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often main

16、tain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women works. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a bless

17、ing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning womens needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade w

18、omen to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employme

19、nt or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting” their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less adva

20、ntageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing womens competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to o

21、ffer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, po

22、se reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no affected whatever on the safety of any actua

23、l employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order t

24、o reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needs-good health care, a dece

25、nt wage, and a safe workplace-are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate womens rights for equal protection in employment.1. According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers? .2.Accordi

26、ng to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?3.The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are（ ）.4.The author implies that

27、 which of the following is characteristic of many employeehealth insurance plans?5.According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?问题1选项A.Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.B.Many employers had dif

28、ficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.C.Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.D.The health of most women factory workers improved.问题2选项A.comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.B.An estimate of how man

29、y women workers are in favor of such laws.C.An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.D.An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.问题3选项A.unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws.B.harmfol to the

30、economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection.C.not worth preserving even though they do represent a hard-won legacy of the labor movement.D.controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require.问题4选项A.They cover all the common medical

31、conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.B.They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.C.They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male employees, not for female

32、employees.D.They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adequately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.问题5选项A.They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.B.They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making it less l

33、ikely that women will be hired.C.They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.D.They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:

34、B【解析】1.细节题。根据题干定位至第二段第三句，此句前一句便是本题答案。2.细节题。根据题干定位至第一段: Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing (即使简短回顾法院和雇主的以往做法，这些法律的成果也似乎是苦涩的：实际上，它们更多的是一种诅咒，而不是好事)。3.主旨大

35、意题。A、D可以排除。文章第一段提到，特别保护妇女的劳动法是经过一个世纪的斗争获得的，但是只要稍微审视一下过去就能发现这些法律与其说是一件好事，不如说是一种灾祸。这是C项的意思，但是下文都在证明的最后一段第一句话：protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose, 即这些法律使妇女失去工作、遭受 了经济利益的损失，但并未对妇女提供太多的保护，B选项概括全文大意。4.细节题。根据题干关键词employee health insurance plans定位至第二段最后一

36、句,由此推测A项(它们涵盖了所有影响男性的常见医疗状况，但仅包括一些影响女性的情况)正确。5.细节题。作者认为，正是因为有了这些特殊的针对妇女的劳动法，用人单位才能堂而皇之地以妇女不适合相关的工作为由，不再雇佣妇女。最后一句也说“立法者们应当认识到妇女应当保留在劳动力中.”因此B项(他们增加了雇主雇佣男性而不是女性的优势，从而减少了雇佣女性的可能性)正确。3. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.They have to learn how to avoid body contact.

37、B.They need to keep moving to avoid getting hurt.C.They believe in team spirit for good performance.D.They are likely to get injured when moving too fast.问题2选项A.They keep themselves busy even after retirement.B.They do not start enjoying life until full retirement.C.They tend to live a longer life w

38、ith early retirement.D.They do not have many years to live after retirement.问题3选项A.It slows down our aging process.B.It prevents us from worrying.C.It enables us to accomplish more in life.D.It provides us with more chances to learn.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B【解析】Passage OneRelated to the “use it or lose it

39、” law is the “keep moving” principle. We learn about stagnation from nature. A river that stops moving gets smelly. The same thing happens to people who stop moving, either mentally or physically. 9 Those who play contact sports know that the player who usually gets hurt the most is the one who is s

40、tanding still. Of course, youll need some time to catch your breath every so often, but the essential massage is keep moving, extending and learning. Ships last a lot longer when they go to sea than when they stay in the harbor. The same is true for airplanes. You dont preserve an airplane by keepin

41、g it on the ground. You preserve it by keeping it in service. We also get to live a long healthy life by staying in service. 10 Longevity statistics reveal that the average person doesnt last very long after retirement. The more well hear is dont retire. If a fellow says “Im 94 years old and I worke

42、d all my life”, we need to realize, that is how he got to be 94, by staying involved. George Bernard Shaw won a Nobel Prize when he was nearly 70. Benjamin Franklin produced some of his best writings at the age of 84, and Pablo Picasso put brush to canvas right through his eighties. Isnt the issue h

43、ow old we think we are? 11 A bonus with the “keep moving” principle is that while we keep moving, we dont have a chance to worry. Hence, we avoid the dreaded paralysis by analysis.9. What does the speaker say about players of contact sports?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于接触式运动的运动员，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，从事接触式运动的人都知道，受伤最

44、严重的往往是那些站着不动的人。B选项“他们需要保持移动以免受伤”是此处的同义表述，因此B选项正确。录音中提及接触式运动是不可能避免身体接触的，因此A选项“他们必须学会如何避免身体接触”不正确；C选项“他们相信有团队精神才能取得好成绩”在录音中没有提及；录音中强调的是站着不动的人往往受伤最严重，因此D选项“移动速度过快时可能受伤”不正确。10. What do longevity statistics reveal about the average person?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问寿命统计数据揭示了普通人的什么？录音提到，寿命统计数据显示，一般人退休后活不了多久（the aver

45、age person doesnt last very long after retirement）。因此D选项“他们退休后没有多少年的生活时间”正确。本题的干扰项是A选项，录音中有提到几位名人在很大的年纪也一直忙个不停，但并没有说这是一般人退休后的状态，因此A选项不正确；B选项“他们直到完全退休后才开始享受生活”和C选项“提前退休他们往往寿命更长”在录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。11. What bonus does the “keep moving” principle bring us according to the speaker?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问“不断前进”的原则能

46、给我们带来什么好处？录音最后部分提到：“不断前进”原则的一个好处是，当我们不断前进时，我们没有机会担忧（we dont have a chance to worry），B选项是此处的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它减缓了我们的衰老过程”和C选项“它使我们能够在生活中取得更多成就”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“它为我们提供了更多的学习机会”主要是a chance造成了干扰，录音中说的是a chance to worry，并不是chances to learn，因此不正确。4. 单选题The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and

47、 of training and retraining schemes,（ ） more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.问题1选项A.have allowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是the growth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Their obsess

48、ion with consumption.B.Their failure to accumulate wealth.C.The ever-increasing costs of housing.D.The deterioration of the environment.问题2选项A.Things that are rare to find.B.Things that cost less money.C.Things that boost efficiency.D.Things that we cherish most.问题3选项A.They serve multiple purposes.B

49、.They benefit the environment.C.They are mostly durable.D.They are easily disposable.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Recording OneDid you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we have fifty years ago? Therefore, youd think wed have sufficient room for all of our possessions.

50、On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. Weve got triple the space, but 16 weve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidental

51、ly, our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.Im here to suggest an alternativethat having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only he

52、lp you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility

53、bills and also a smaller carbon footprint because its designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff. Im really excited to live there.How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. To stem consumption, we s

54、hould think before we buy, and ask ourselves, “will it truly make me happier?” Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, 17 but we want belongings that were going to love for years. Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occ

55、asional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, 18 we need multifunctional spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My

56、office is tugged away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out the wall. For gas, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.Im not saying, we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through y

57、our front door, take a moment to ask yourselves, “could I do with a little life editing? Will that give me more freedom and more time?”16. What has prevented Americans happiness levels from increasing?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问是什么阻碍了美国人幸福水平的提高？录音提到，这一现象导致了大量的信用卡债务而且也许并非巧合的是，我们的幸福水平在过去的半个世纪里并没有提高。这一现象即上一句提到的：我

58、们已经成为如此热情的消费者。A选项“他们（美国人）对消费的痴迷”是对原文weve become such enthusiastic consumers的同义转述，因此正确。B选项“他们没有积累财富”和C项“日益增长的住房成本”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“环境的恶化”，利用environment设置干扰，录音原文所说的是大量环境足迹而不是环境恶化，因此D选项不正确。17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问根据说话者的说法，我们应该拥有哪些东西？录音中说话者提到：显然，我们应该拥有一些很

59、棒的东西，但我们想要的是能让我们喜欢多年的东西。因此D选项“我们最珍惜的东西”正确。A选项“很难找到的东西”和B选项“花费较少的东西”在录音中并未提及；C选项“能提高效率的东西”，利用录音中的efficiency设置干扰，录音中只是提到我们需要空间效率，选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。18. What do we learn about the items in the speakers home?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问我们从说话者家里的物品中了解到什么？录音中提到说话人认为我们需要更多的空间以及多功能的家庭用品，接着讲述了自己家里的物品，他把活动墙和改造家具结合起来，让有限的空间得到

60、更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多种用途，因此A选项正确。B选项“它们对环境有益”；C选项“它们大多是耐用的”；D选项“它们很容易被丢弃”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。6. 单选题The problem with employing（ ）people is that they often dont stay in the job for long.问题1选项A.overpricedB.overqualifiedC.overratedD.overwhelmed【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。overpriced “定价过高的”；overqualified “资历过高的，条件太好的”；

61、overrated “评价过高的，高估的”；overwhelmed “不堪重负的，受宠若惊的”。句意：招聘那些不堪重负的人的问题就是这些人不会在工作岗位上待太久。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.All respondents were afraid of making a high expense claim.B.A number of respondents gave an average answer of 400 miles.C.Over 10%

62、of the respondents lied about the distance they drove.D.Most of the respondents got compensated for driving 384 miles.问题2选项A.They responded to colleagues suspicion.B.They cared about other peoples claims.C.They wanted to protect their reputation.D.They endeavored to actually be honest.问题3选项A.They se

63、em positive.B.They are intuitive.C.They are illustrative.D.They are conclusive.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B【解析】Recording TwoNow, believe it or not. People sometimes lie in order to maintain a good, honest reputationeven if it hurts them to do so. At least, this is what a team of scientists is suggesting, with evidence to prove it.Picture this scenario: You often drive for work and can be compensated for up to 400 miles per month. Most people at your company drive about 300 miles each month. But this month, you drove 400 miles. How many miles do you think youd claim in your expense re