2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第40期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be （ ）in deeper.问题1选项A.absorbedB.pushedC.heavedD.sucked【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb意为“吸收（液体、气体等）”；push意为“推，推动”；heave意为“举起”；suck意为“ 吸取，吸入，卷进入”，be sucked in意为“被吸进，被卷入”。句意：当被困在流沙中时，不要挣扎，否则你回被吸进去更深。2. 单选题Our co

2、untry has grown rich because of its （ ）with other nations.问题1选项A.intercourseB.businessC.commerceD.interaction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。intercourse意为“交流，交往”；business意为“商业，交易”；commerce意为“(尤指国际间的) 贸易，商业”；interaction意为“相互影响，交互作用”。句意：我国通过与其他国家的贸易往来富起来了。3. 单选题He is holding a （ ）position in the company and expects t

3、o be promoted soon.问题1选项A.successiveB.succeedingC.subordinateD.subsequent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。4. 单选题People cannot but （ ）puzzled, for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such

4、 a stupid mistake.问题1选项A.feelB.feelingC.to feelD.having felt【答案】A【解析】考查固定句型。cannot but do sth. 意为“不得不做某事，禁不住做某事”，but后面接动词原形，因此选A。句意：人们情不自禁地感到困惑，因为他们根本无法理解他怎么会犯这样一个愚蠢的错误。5. 单选题A lot of small children often （ ）why airplane can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assureB.wonderC.anticipateD.as

5、sume【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。assure意为“向保证”；wonder意为“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”；assume意为“假定，认为”。句意：很多小孩经常好奇为什么飞机可以像鸟儿一样飞行，而我们人类不行。6. 单选题When the class was over, they went back to their （ ）dormitories.问题1选项A.complacentB.respectableC.respectiveD.respectful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。complacent意为“自满的，自鸣得意的”；respectable意为“

6、得体的，值得尊敬的”；respective意为“各自的，分别的”；respectful意为“有礼貌的”。句意：下课后，他们回到各自的宿舍去了。7. 单选题Leonardo just discovered that his passport had （ ）three months ago.问题1选项A.constrainedB.abolishedC.amendedD.expired【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。constrain意为“强迫”；abolish意为“废除，废止”；amend意为“改良，修改”；expire意为“(因到期而) 失效，到期”。句意：Leonardo刚刚发现他的护照已经过

7、期三个月了。8. 单选题A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal _21_ an area. The size of the area is _ 22_ to provide food for him, his _23_ and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, divide up the best territory in the order of “first come, first _24_”. The late a

8、rrivals may acquire 25_territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the _26_of the enemies of the species.When there is _27_ over territory, animals will commonly use force, or a _28_ of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, _29_, that an

9、imals seem to use only the 30_amount of force necessary to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the _31_ of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, there is a _32_ for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he wishes to submit. When he shows th

10、is, the _33_ normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can _34_ escape from conflict seem to have no _35_ against killing, and equally no mechanism for _36_. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are _37 in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fi

11、ght until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a _38_ of peace and, _39_ its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the “peace” mechanism does not _40_ in a cage.问题1选项A.establishesB.buildsC.foundsD.erects问题2选项A.largeB.wideC.enoughD.sufficient问题3选项A.wifeB.mateC.friendD.neighbor问题4选项A.usedB.

12、gotC.servedD.gained问题5选项A.largerB.betterC.smallerD.worse问题6选项A.placesB.nestsC.residencesD.habitats问题7选项A.conflictB.fightC.argumentD.war问题8选项A.practicesB.proofC.showD.comparison问题9选项A.thenB.thereforeC.in additionD.however问题10选项A.minimumB.greatC.littleD.much问题11选项A.wayB.caseC.eventD.manner问题12选项A.syst

13、emB.deviceC.methodD.solution问题13选项A.killerB.loserC.victorD.successor问题14选项A.hardlyB.neverC.narrowlyD.easily问题15选项A.preventionB.obstacleC.stopD.way问题16选项A.submissionB.fightingC.stoppingD.winning问题17选项A.stationedB.perchedC.placedD.deposited问题18选项A.signB.signalC.symbolD.mark问题19选项A.inB.byC.atD.on问题20选项

14、A.appearB.continueC.applyD.work【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】21.考查动词辨析。establish侧重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立；build一般指建立，修建；found侧重打下基础或创办；erect指对高而垂直物的建造。此处表示“雄性动物建立领地”，因此选A。22.考查形容词辨析。en

15、ough侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。sufficient侧重数目或数量达到某一特定要求或需要。此处表示“这个领地的面积满足需求”，因此选D。23.考查逻辑关系。由前面的the male animal（雄性动物）以及空格后的their offspring（他们的后代）可知此处指的是the male animal的配偶，因此选B。24.考查固定搭配。“first come, first served”为固定搭配，意为“先到先得”。25.考查逻辑关系。根据“but less food is available, or they are too close to（但可供食用的食物较少，要么就

16、太接近）”中的but可知less与空格处是对应的，因此选A。26.考查名词辨析。place意为“地方”；nest意为“（鸟）窝”；residence意为“住处，住宅”；habitat意为“（动物的）栖息地，住处”。此处表示“离天敌的栖息地非常近”，因此选D。27.考查名词辨析。conflict意为“冲突，矛盾”；fight意为“打仗，战斗”；argument意为“争吵，争论”；war意为“战争”。根据文章句中的A major reason for conflict in the animal world可知选A，与前文相照应。28.考查名词辨析。practice意为“实践，练习”；proof意

17、为“证明，证据”；show意为“表明，展示”；comparison意为“比较，对照”。此处表示“通过武力的比较，决定谁留下谁会去”，因此选C。29.考查逻辑关系。空格前面句意为“很有趣地注意到”，空格后面句意为“动物似乎只使用”，可知此处为转折关系，因此填however（然而）。30.考查逻辑关系。由后面的There is usually no killing.（通常不会有杀戮）可推测前面使用武力解决问题时，并不会想把对方置之死地，只要赶走对方即可，因此选A，表示用最少的武力驱赶入侵者。31.考查固定搭配。in the case of为固定搭配，意为“至于，就来说”。32.考查名词辨析。sys

18、tem意为“体系，系统”；device意为“装置，设备”；method意为“方法”；solution意为“解决，解答”。空格处与后面的mechanism（体系，机制）相对应，因此选A。33.考查逻辑关系。由前面的“输掉的动物向获胜的动物展示他愿意屈服”可知当输掉的动物这样做时，获胜的动物通常会停止战斗，因此填victor（胜利者）。34.考查逻辑关系。此处表示怎样从冲突中逃跑，可从后面句中的The losing bird simply flies away中的simply（简单地）得到答案，应填simply的近义词，因此选D。35.考查名词辨析。prevention意为“预防，防止”；obst

19、acle意为“障碍，阻碍”；stop意为“停止”；way意为“方法”。此处指能够容易地从战斗中逃跑，没有任何障碍物，因此选B。36.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知动物中有一套体系，输了的动物向获胜的动物表示屈服（he wishes to submit.），通常可以停止战斗，可知此处填submit的名词形式，因此选A。37.考查动词辨析。station意为“派驻，使驻扎”；perch意为“栖息，停留”；place意为“安置，放置”；deposit意为“放下，放置”，强调“存储”。此处表示“如果把两只鸽子放在一起”，因此选C。38.考查名词辨析。sign意为“迹象，征兆”；signal意为“暗号，信号”

20、；symbol意为“象征，符号”；mark意为“标记”。此处表示“鸽子是和平的象征”，因此选C。39.考查介词辨析。in表示在某个范围之内，后面接大地点；on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触；at表示在某个具体的场所或地点，后面接小地点。此处表示“在它的自然栖息地内”，因此选A。40.考查动词辨析。appear意为“出现，显现”；continue意为“持续”；apply意为“应用，运用”；work意为“使工作，使运作”。此处表示“这个和平体系不起作用”，因此选D。9. 单选题The outline of the figure was barely （ ）in the darkness.问题1选

21、项A.susceptibleB.perceptiveC.invisibleD.perceptible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。susceptible意为“易受影响的”；perceptive意为“有知觉力的”；invisible意为“看不见的”；perceptible意为“可理解的，可认识的”。句意：没有一丝光，这个图形的轮廓很难在黑暗中辨认。10. 单选题The bad weather （ ）all our hopes of going out.问题1选项A.haltedB.frustratedC.submergedD.immersed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。halt意为“停止

22、，中止”；frustrate意为“使沮丧，阻止，挫败”；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”；immerse意为“深陷于，沉浸在”。句意：坏天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。11. 单选题Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone about HK$3,000,000s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK$150 millio

23、n a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops total stock. As a result of this shrinkage as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just cant help them

24、selves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security me

25、asures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.

26、The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shop-lifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals be

27、cause he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of

28、the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in ship-lifting of-fences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perha

29、ps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,

30、999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!1.Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go t

31、o the shops?2.The third group of people steal things because they （ ）.3.According to the passage, law-abiding citizens（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?5.The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that（ ）.问题1选项A.There is a “shrinkage

32、” in market values.B.Many goods are not available.C.Goods in many shops lack variety.D.There are many cases of shop-lifting.问题2选项A.are mentally illB.are quite absent-mindedC.can not resist the temptationD.can not afford to pay for goods问题3选项A.can possibly steal things because of their povertyB.can p

33、ossibly take away goods without payingC.have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD.are difficult to be caught when they steal things问题4选项A.A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals.B.The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C.People would ex

34、pect that those who cant help themselves are poor.D.The professionals dont cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.问题5选项A.the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the storesB.some people simply forget to pay for what they take from the shopsC.the honest public has to pay higher pri

35、cesD.the third type of shop-lifters are dangerous people【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的As a result of this shrinkage as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.（由于商店所说的“收缩”，诚实的公众不得不支付更高的价格）可知是“shrinkage”是原因，“shrinkage”是指前面的shop-lifting（店内盗窃）导致商场的损失，为了弥补损失，因此诚实

36、的顾客需要比以前付出更高的价格，因此选D。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Shop-lifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just cant help themselves.（店内盗窃可分为三大类：专业窃贼，深思熟虑的业余窃贼和那些无法控制自己的窃贼）可知C选项“抵挡不住诱惑”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的And there are countless others who, because of

37、 age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops.（还有数不清的其他人，由于年龄、疾病或明显的心不在焉，干脆忘了为他们从商店拿走的东西买单）可知B选项“可能没付钱就拿走商品”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in a

38、ny case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shop-lifting.（专业窃贼倾向于在安全措施最严格的部分商店购买高价值商品。而且，在任何情况下，它们只占因盗窃而造成的总损失的一小部分）可知A选项“总损失的大部分是由专业窃贼造成的”不正确，注意题干中问的是“NOT true”，因此选A。5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconv

39、enienced because of the actions of a small minority. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999,999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays.（这是又一个例子，无辜的大多数因为少数人的行为而受到惩罚和不便。由于每百万名乘客中就有一名乘客携带武器登上飞机，因此其他999，999名乘客必须接受搜查和延

40、误）可知此处指“店内盗窃”与“飞机劫持事件”所带来的后果在本质上一样的，耽误了多数守法的人的时间，损害了他们的利益，因此选C。12. 单选题Whether you are a gorilla, a four year old child, a politician or an Olympic athlete, the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates, the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident a

41、ir. Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the head bows, and sometimes the shoulders slump and the chest narrows too something that is not a million miles away from the cringing postures associated with submission in animals, from chimpanzees to rats, rabbits and even salamanders. Are the

42、se displays of pride and shame common to all humans? If they are, they will have evolved to serve some function.In their research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers analyzed images of blind and sighted athletes from different cultures from the judo co

43、mpetition held in the 2004 Olympic and Paralympics Games. They looked for whether or not competitors indulged in post-match behavior such as tilting their heads back, raising their arms or expanding their chests in victory, or hiding their face or narrowing their chests in defeat. They found that in

44、 response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors even those blind from birth.Although the researchers say that congenitally blind children might have

45、been taught by their parents to lift their hands above their heads after a victory, they speculate that it would be harder to teach them the full spectrum of displays they witnessed. These findings, then, imply that displays of pride are not simply cultural stereotypes learnt after birth: but an inn

46、ate form of behavior that was relevant to the way humans lived. A display of pride (or shame), in other words, may be an evolved and innate behavioral response.Why? Such displays may have an evolutionary function. People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and accept

47、ance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on (which may help to avoid further aggression), and so might well be a display of submission.The researchers also found that the behavioral response to shame was weaker in sighted athletes from c

48、ultures that were individualistic or “self-expression valuing” societies in the West. They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with “cultural norms” that stigmatize displays of shame. If so, this would explain why the congenitally blind displayed more sham

49、e in defeat than did people who became blind later in life.1.In the opening paragraph, the author proposes his hypothesis by （ ）.2.Why are blind athletes chosen for the research?3.The pride and shame responses probably function as（ ）.4.Which of the following post-match behavior of athletes shows uni

50、que cultural influence?问题1选项A.drawing an analogyB.making a comparisonC.listing specific examplesD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.To identify their distinctive behavioral features.B.To illustrate the typical gestures used by the disabled.C.To prove instinctive pride and shame reactions.D.To justify th

51、e importance of learning after birth.问题3选项A.determining ones social statusB.showing ones attitudeC.exchanging personal feelingsD.signaling the end of a fight问题4选项A.Hiding their faces.B.Puffing out their chests.C.Raising their arms.D.Removing their clothing.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。类比（draw

52、ing an analogy）指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象，其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较，因此选A。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the bli

53、nd competitors even those blind from birth.（他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中，来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。这其中包括盲人运动员，甚至还是先天失明的）可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame sh

54、ows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on. and so might well be a display of submission.（人们要夸耀他们的成就，确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。同样地，羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿，也很可能是一种顺从的表现）可知这些都是对态度的表现，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with cultur

55、al norms that stigmatize displays of shame.（研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应，而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致）可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现，因此选A。13. 单选题How many of us （ ）, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?问题1选项A.attendedB.attendingC.to attendD.have attended【答案】B【解析】考查分词作定语。分析句子结构

56、，“say”为插入语，“that is irrelevant to us”为定语，句中主干为：How many of us a meeting would be interested in the discussion? would be interested in是谓语，那么空格处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词us。不定式作定语表未发生的，现在分词作定语表主动关系，所指的时间既可以指过去，也可指现在。过去分词作定语表被动关系，因此选B。句意：比如说，参加一个与我们毫不相干的会议，那么我们当中有多少人会对会议上的讨论感兴趣呢？14. 单选题Im sorry（ ）so long, forgot t

57、o tell you in advance where I had put my key.问题1选项A.to keep you waitB.to keep you waitingC.to keep you waitedD.to have kept you waiting【答案】D【解析】考查不定式。动词不定式的完成时的结构为：to have done（表示动作已完成），句中“wait”这个动作已完成，keep sb. doing sth.意为“让某人一直做某事”。句意：很抱歉让你久等了，忘了事先告诉你我把钥匙放在哪儿了。15. 单选题As a wise man once said, we ar

58、e all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an even earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift aw

59、ay from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over the last century. The communications revolution the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have gre

60、atly wreaked havoc on（扰乱）Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American-style capitalism. R

61、aised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion