2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第31期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南林业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Susan Teller traveled and lectured throughout the country to _ education and professional skills so that women could enter the public world.问题1选项A.advocateB.acquireC.proclaimD.prosecute【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 advocate “提倡，拥护；为辩护”；B选项 acquire “获得；取得；学到；捕获”；C选项 pro

2、claim “宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；D选项 prosecute “检举；贯彻；从事；依法进行；起诉；告发；做检察官”。句意：苏珊泰勒在全国各地旅行和演讲，宣扬教育和专业技能，使妇女能够进入公共世界。根据句意，C选项正确。2. 翻译题Despite the choking smog, Beijing is still the number one choice for graduate job seekers based on its “soft environment”, according to a report published last Tuesday. The Chines

3、e capital is the preferred choice for finding work owing to its social environment, economic development, infrastructure, consumption habits and internationalized atmosphere. Although metropolises are still top choices for graduates to work in, the past three years have seen more university and coll

4、ege graduates work in prefecture-level cities, or even smaller cities.【答案】据上周二发布的一份报告显示，尽管烟雾弥漫，但基于“软环境”，北京仍然是毕业生求职者的首选。由于中国的社会环境、经济发展、基础设施、消费习惯和国际化的氛围，中国首都是求职的首选。尽管大城市仍然是毕业生就业的首选，但在过去的三年里，越来越多的大学毕业生到地级市，甚至更小的城市工作。3. 单选题Congress delegates waited _ for the congratulatory telegram from Moscow when the

5、new party was formed.问题1选项A.in termsB.in the long runC.in viewD.in vain【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A选项 in terms “明确地；毫不含糊地；焦急地”；B选项 in the long run “长远；终究”；C选项 in view “在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标”；D选项 in vain “徒然；无效”。句意：当新政党成立时，国会代表们焦急地等待来自莫斯科的贺电。结合句意，判断出选项A为正确答案。4. 单选题As few household appliances are now perfect, this min

6、or defect is negligible.问题1选项A.detectableB.triflingC.inexcusableD.magnificent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 detectable“可检测的；可发觉的”；B选项 trifling“微不足道的；轻浮的”；C选项 inexcusable“不可原谅的；没法辩解的；不可宽恕的”；D选项magnificent“高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的”。句意：由于现在很少有家用电器是完美的，这个小小的缺陷是可以忽略不计的。结合此处关键词minor（微小的），得知B选项正确。5. 翻译题Mother languages, al

7、ong with linguistic diversity, matter for the identity of individuals. As sources of creativity and vehicles for cultural expression, they are also important for the health of societies. Not least, languages are factors for development and growth. We know how important education in the mother langua

8、ge is for learning outcomes. Mother language instruction is a powerful way to fight discrimination and reach out to marginalized population. As wellsprings of knowledge, languages are also starting points for greater sustainability in development, for managing more harmoniously our relationship with

9、 the environment and change.【答案】母语，以及语言多样性，对个体的身份认同至关重要。作为创造力的来源和文化表达的工具，它们对社会的健康也很重要。重要的是，语言是发展和增长的因素。我们知道母语教育对学习成果的重要性。母语教学是消除歧视和接触边缘人口的有力途径。语言作为知识的源泉，也是提高发展可持续性、更和谐地管理我们与环境和变革的关系的起点。6. 单选题The post-World War II baby _ resulted in a 43% increase in the number of teenagers in the 1960s and 1970s.问题1

10、选项A.boostB.boomC.productionD.prosperity【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项 boost “推动；帮助；宣扬”；B选项boom “繁荣；（某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的时期；吊杆；隆隆声；水栅；帆桁”；C选项 production “成果；产品；生产；作品”；D选项prosperity “繁荣，成功”。结合空格前baby，组成固定搭配baby boom “婴儿潮；生育高峰”。句意：二战后的婴儿潮导致60年代和70年代的青少年人数增加了43%。B选项正确。7. 单选题In a sense, the new protectionism is not pro

11、tectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this: it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not l

12、imited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities

13、can affect international economic relations.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionism.coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the

14、 acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire. Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market

15、 to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.” It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many

16、communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government interventio

17、n in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive inter

18、ventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welf

19、are state elements on the American scene.1. This passage is primarily concerned with discussing _.2. The word “virtually” (ParA.1) is closest in meaning to _.3. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?4. Which of the following inferences

20、 is true, according to this passage?5. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?问题1选项A.the definition of the new protectionismB.the difference between new and old protectionismC.the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western worldD.the significance of th

21、e welfare state问题2选项A.genuinelyB.reallyC.nearlyD.particularly问题3选项A.Free education is available to a childB.Laws are made to fix the minimum wageC.A jobless person can be insuredD.There are regulations for rent问题4选项A.The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare statesB.In the 1

22、930s, protectionism began to riseC.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latestD.Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain问题5选项A.When did the new protectionism ariseB.Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern Europea

23、n countriesC.Why does the government intervene in economic lifeD.Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。通读全文，可知是“新保护主义”的出现以及产生的结果。A选项“新保护主义的定义”过于片面，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“新旧保护主义的区别”也是讲述了一个方面，也可排除。D选项“福利国家的意义”也不

24、符合题意，可排除，因此C选项“西方新保护主义的兴起”正确。2.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.”中文翻译为：几乎所有政府活动都会影响国际经济关系。A选项“真诚地；真正地”，B选项“真正地”，C选项“几乎”，D选项“尤其”。根据“政府的一切活动都会影响国际经济关系”，这句话太过于绝对，可排除A、B选项，D选项与题意不符，也可排除，由此可知C选项正确。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“a w

25、elfare state”可定位到文中最后两段，中文翻译：福利国家的胜利在北欧几乎已经完成。在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。在法国，政府传统上在经济生活中扮演着非常积极的角色，并将继续这样做。只有西德胆敢逆着西欧过度干预主义的潮流而动。它也是最成功的西欧经济体。福利国家在美国和西欧都取得了重大进展。社会保障、失业保险、最低工资法和租金管制现在都是美国社会的传统福利要素。A选项“儿童可以接受免费教育”不符合上述列表。B选项“最低工资法”、C“失业者投保”、D选项“租房有规定”均符合美国传统福利要素。因此A选项正

26、确。4.推理判断题。通读全文，A选项“福利国家的经济比非福利国家发展得更快”，文中并未提及，可排除。B选项“20世纪30年代，保护主义开始兴起”。与句中“在20世纪30年代，保护主义是对市场分配资源和收入以使社会满意的能力的一种深刻怀疑的表现”不符，也可排除。C选项“所谓新保护主义，主要是因为它是最新的”，理解错误，不符合题意，也可排除。D选项“在北欧，政府在经济生活中扮演着比英国更积极的角色”，可定位到文中第三段“In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almos

27、t all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true.”中文翻译：在瑞典、挪威、芬兰、丹麦和荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有方面的干预都被认为是正常的。在英国，这只是稍微有点不真实。可推测，英国对于经济的干涉较少。因此可知D选项正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文，A选项“新的保护主义是什么时候出现的？”，文章第一段对“新保护主义的兴起”一笔带过，可排除A选项。B选项“为什么新的保护主义在北欧国家如此流行？”，理解片面，排除。C

28、选项“政府为什么要干预经济生活？”，可定位到文中第一段“The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade”中文翻译：新保护主义指的是政府对私营经济的整体干预如何影响国际贸易。因此C选项正确。D选项“美国政府在经济生活中的作用是否比英国政府更为积极？”理解片面，可排除。综上所述，C选项为正确答案。8. 单选题Life is full of perils, but the wis

29、e man ignores those that are _.问题1选项A.ineluctableB.inevitableC.unessentialD.unforgettable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 ineluctable“不可避免的；无法逃避的”；B选项 inevitable “必然的；无法避免的”；C选项 unessential“非本质的”；D选项 unforgettable“难忘的”。句意：生活充满了危险，但聪明的人会忽略这些危险。“ineluctable”和 “inevitable”都有“无法避免”意思，但是 “inevitable” 所形容的事件存在着必然性。

30、因此B选项正确。9. 单选题The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show _.问题1选项A.clockwiseB.otherwiseC.elsewhereD.likewise【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项 clockwise“顺时针方向地”；B选项otherwise“另外，否则”；C选项 elsewhere“在别处；到别处”；D选项likewise“同样地；也”。句意：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但数据却没显示。根据but可知，句型表示转折，只有选项B表示转折，因此B选项符合

31、题意。10. 单选题Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic _ of matter, and the miracles of life.问题1选项A.bacteriaB.constituentsC.erosionD.contexts【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 bacteria “细菌”；B选项constituents “成分”；C选项erosion “侵蚀，腐蚀”；D选项 conte

32、xts “环境，上下文”。句意：科学和技术的进步使我们能够了解宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的和生命的奇迹。根据matter（物质）可推测与其搭配的是constituents。结合句意，A选项及C选项都可排除。D选项contexts（环境）也不能与matter（物质）搭配，因此B选项为正确答案。11. 单选题Failure in a required subject may result in the _ of a diploma.问题1选项A.refusalB.betrayalC.denialD.burial【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 refusal “拒绝；优先取舍权；推却；取舍权

33、”；B选项 betrayal “背叛；辜负；暴露；违约”；C选项 denial “否认；拒绝；拒绝给予；节制；背弃”；D选项 burial“埋葬；葬礼；弃绝”。句意：如果某门必修科目不及格，可能会被吊销学位证书。结合此处语境，C为正确答案。12. 单选题Slaughter and destruction are terrible realities of war.问题1选项A.slabB.massive killingC.slightD.dimension【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 slab “厚板，平板；混凝土路面；厚片”；B选项 massive killing “大规模的杀

34、戮”；C选项 slight “怠慢；轻蔑”；D选项 dimension “方面；数 维；尺寸；次元；容积”。句意：屠杀和破坏是可怕的战争现实。结合此处关键词 slaughter “屠宰；大屠杀；（非正式）彻底击败”，得知B选项正确。13. 翻译题A good book is often the best urn of a life enshrining the best that life could think out; for the world of mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus

35、the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. “They are never alone,” said Sir Philip Sidney, “that are accompanied by noble thoughts.”The good and true thought may in times of temptation be as an ang

36、le of mercy purifying and guarding the soul. It also enshrines the germs of action, for good words almost always inspire to good works.【答案】好书常如最精美的宝器，珍藏着人生的思想的精华；因为人的生活世界主要是他的思想世界。因此，最好的书是金玉良言和崇高思想的宝库，这些良言和思想若铭记于心并多加珍视，就会成为我们忠实的伴侣和永恒的慰藉。菲利普西德尼爵士说过：“有高尚思想做伴的人永不孤独。”在我们受到诱惑的时候，美好真实的思想可以作为一种仁慈的视角，净化和保护我

37、们的灵魂。这同样孕育着行为的萌芽，因为金玉良言总能激励善行。14. 单选题There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking

38、 and problem solving. Some games may also help people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has becomes more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language

39、,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen. ”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The invest

40、igators said “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because the

41、y have better graphics and allow the players to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completeD.A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims no

42、t only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield; they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”Is all this stimulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have s

43、uggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosi

44、ng such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contribution role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?1. According to one study,

45、 most computer and online games_.2. What does the word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean?3. Many studies have suggested that_.4. The author uses “television advertising” as an example to illustrate that_.5. The best title for passage is_.问题1选项A.allow the players to take part in killing actsB.that youn

46、g people like involve violenceC.teach the players to be antisocialD.make the players forget the real life results问题2选项A.To cut somebody into piecesB.To kick somebody outC.To dismiss somebodyD.To stab a knife into somebody问题3选项A.more and more young people appreciate cruel computer gamesB.there are no

47、w far more incidents of violence due to computer gamesC.violence in computer games makes their player more aggressiveD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real life问题4选项A.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real lifeB.there is a close link between co

48、mputer games and increasingly growing violence in real lifeC.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in realityD.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in reality问题5选项A.The Development of Violent Computer GamesB.A study on the Influence of Compu

49、ter and Online GamesC.The Dark Side of Computer and Online GamesD.Computer and Online GamesAdvantages and Disadvantages【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language.” says David Walsh, president of the Nation

50、al Institute on Media and Family. 中文翻译为：国家媒体与家庭研究所所长大卫沃尔什说，部分游戏以暴力、性和粗俗语言为反社会主题。A选项 “允许玩家参与杀戮行为”可排除。B选项 “年轻人喜欢使用暴力” 可排除。D选项“让玩家忘记现实生活的结果”可排除。C选项“教导玩家要反社会”最符合题意。因此C选项正确。2.词义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段中最后一句“you can also dismember them.” 中文翻译为：你也可以肢解它们。B选项“把某人赶出去” 排除。C选项“解雇某人” 不符合题意。D选项 “用刀刺某人”也可排除。由此可知A选项“把某人切成

51、碎片”正确。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段 “Approximately 3,000 different studies have conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.” 中文翻译为：大约有3000个不同的研究在这个问题上进行。许多人认为游戏中的暴力行为和玩家攻击性的增强之间存在联系A选项 “越来越多的年轻人喜欢残酷的电脑游戏”不

52、符合题意，故排除。B选项“现在有更多的暴力事件是由于电脑游戏”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑游戏中的暴力使玩家更具攻击性”符合题意。因此C选项正确。D选项 “电脑游戏中的模拟暴力不同于现实生活”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。根据题干关键词“television advertising”定位到原文第六段 “If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?”，中文翻译为：如果这是真的，为什么商业世界每年要花费数十亿美

53、元在电视广告上。联系上下文，D选项“现实中，商业世界正在助长暴力的增加”最符合题意，因此选项D正确。A选项“其他因素也必须被认为是现实生活中暴力的可能原因”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“电脑游戏和现实生活中日益增长的暴力之间有着密切的联系”不符合题意，故排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏并不是现实中暴力增加的唯一原因”不符合题意，故排除。5.判断推理题。A选项“The Development of Violent Computer Games”暴力电脑游戏的发展，文章不仅仅讲暴力游戏的发展，故A选项排除。B选项“计算机和网络游戏的影响研究”，文章对于计算机并未提及，故B选项排除。C选项“电脑和网络游戏

54、的黑暗面”，在文章第一段也讲述了网络游戏的益处，故C选项排除。D选项“电脑和网络游戏的优点和缺点”最符合题意，故选D。15. 单选题The Haunted AmericaCountries are like little homes; they house a nation, hold ideologies and provides shelter and comfort to its people in hopes that the occupants will nurture better ideas for themselves and further flourish humanity

55、. Such are primary desires and goals of most countries on this small planet.America is no exception. For decades, billions of people around the world slept at night on empty stomachs amidst dreadful circumstances, often dreaming of the freedoms and liberties of America, which they likened to a great

56、 land, a paradise and a final destination point.The best and brightest of the world gravitated to the great USA in search of golden opportunities; in hordes they came, and en masse they settleD.America became the nation which acknowledged greatness and provided the driving force to allow the dreams

57、of small, ordinary people to take form and flourish. Free from restrictions, allowing grand expressions with extraordinary liberties, that no other nation in the history of mankind has been able to match at such a grand scale.But currently, it seems that this home of the American nation has started

58、to resemble that old mansion, elegantly pristine （质朴的） but known to be haunted, sitting at the end of that dead-end street where ghosts, mysterious apparitions （幽灵）and unexplainable signs have emergeD.This planet, like an old street, is already full of such haunted houses, which at times seem abando

59、ned, lifeless and unable to give or receive neighborly warmth; factors so critical for any country on the global scene.Can this badly damaged image of America be fixed today and by whom and at what cost? What must it include a new costume, a new mask or a new heart? These are very important underlyi

60、ng questions, but the biggest question remains can an entire country be branded to the rest of the world in the same fashion as a breakfast cereal or laundry detergent?The answer is a flat no. Only the branding-circus would come up with such a fake, superficial, logo-centric-slogan-happy attempt to

61、rebuild a nation painted with banners and billboards. In reality, countries cannot be branded in such a simple process from the past, because nations are already branded over decades and centuries by their histories and cultural interactions and exportable identities.1. America used to be thought of

62、 as_.2. America is now likened to_.3. The writer suggests that_.4. According to the passage that _ is NOT true.5. The main rhetorical device of this passage is _.问题1选项A.a paradise without autocratic rulingB.a place of perfect happinessC.a land of marvelous chancesD.all of the above问题2选项A.an elegant

63、and plain houseB.an old dead-end streetC.an old haunted mansionD.an abandoned and lifeless planet问题3选项A.costume and heart have the same functionB.laundry detergent shares the fashion of the countrys brandC.history establishes a brand for its countryD.logo and slogan play a key role in shaping a country问题4选项A.a country should develop better politicallyB.depressed people in the world yearned for AmericaC.there are many