2022-2023年考博英语-湖南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第19期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湖南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Its all annual back-to-school routine. One morning you wave goodbye, and that（1）evening youre burning the late-night oil in sympathy. In the race to improve educational standards, （2）are throwing the books at kids, （3）elementary school students are complaining of

2、 home work （4）. Whats a well-meaning parent to do?As hard as（5） may be, sit back and chill, expels advice. Though youve got to get them to do it, （6） helping too much, or even examining :（7） too carefully, you may keep them （8）doing it by themselves, “I wouldnt advise a parent to check every （9）assi

3、gnment “ says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework. “Theres a（10）of appreciation for trial and error. Let your children（11）the grade they deserve, “Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their （12）But “you

4、dont want them to feel it has to be （13）.She says.Thats not to say parents should （14）homework-first, they should monitor how much homework their kids（15）. Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in （16）four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond. For junior-high students i

5、t should be “（17）more than an hour and a half/ and two for high school students. If your child（18）has more home work than this, you may want to check （19）other parents and then talk to the teacher about（20） assignments.问题1选项A.veryB.exactC.rightD.usual问题2选项A.officialsB.parentsC.expertsD.schools问题3选项A

6、.AlsoB.EvenC.ThenD.However问题4选项A.fatigueB.confusionC.dutyD.puzzle问题5选项A.thereB.weC.theyD.it问题6选项A.viaB.underC.byD.for问题7选项A.questionsB.answersC.standardsD.rules问题8选项A.offB.withoutC.beyondD.from问题9选项A.singleB.pieceC.pageD.other问题10选项A.dropB.short.C.cutD.lack问题11选项A.acquireB.earnC.gatherD.reach问题12选项A

7、.exercisesB.defectsC.mistakesD.tests问题13选项A.perfectB.betterC.unusualD.complete问题14选项A.forgetB.refuseC.missD.ignore问题15选项A.haveB.prepareC.makeD.perform问题16选项A.classesB.groupsC.gradesD.terms问题17选项A.aboutB.noC.muchD.few问题18选项A.previouslyB.rarelyC.merelyD.consistently问题19选项A.withB.inC.outD.up问题20选项A.fin

8、ishingB.loweringC.reducingD.declining【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:B第8题:D第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:C第17题:B第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】（1）语义连接。Very修饰名词,表强调。（2）语义连接。空前说: to improve educational standards, 可知学校为了提高教育水平向学生施压。（3）逻辑分析。此处为递进关系。句意: 学校把大量的课本压向学生, 竟连小学生也在抱怨。（4）名词辨析。句意:连小学

9、生都在抱怨作业太多。Fatigue疲劳，疲乏; confusion “混淆，困惑”; duty责任，职责; puzzle困惑，迷惑。故A项符合句意。（5）语义连接。这里缺一个代词，指代后面的“ sit back and chill”，所以选it。（6）介词辨析。by表示 “通过方式”。（7）名词辨析。这里说家长帮孩子检查作业，所以此处应该是检查作业的答案。（8）固定搭配。keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人干某事。（9）语义连接。every与single搭配，表示强调，”every single assignment”意思是“每一份作业”或“所有作业”。（10）固定搭配。a

10、 lack of 缺乏。（11）动词辨析。句意:让孩子们得到应得的分数。所以答案在A和B之间。acquire意思是通过努力，慢慢地获得(知识、技能等),而earn表示通过一番努力赢得、挣得。故选B。（12）名词辨析。句意应为:家长看完孩子作业后,应要求他们重新思考自己的错误。（13）形容词辨析。此句中but表转折。句意:但是也不能让他们认为作业必须完美/万无一失。（14）动词辨析。句意:这并不是说家长可以忽视孩子的家庭作业。（15）动词辨析。这里表示孩子有多少家庭作业。（16）名词辨析。Grade表示 “年级”。（17）固定搭配。No more than 不超过。（18）副词辨析。句意:如果你

11、的孩子不断地超过这个作业量,那你就要与别的家长核对并同老师商讨。（19）介词辨析。With表示 “和”。（20）动词辨析。句意:那你就要与别的家长核对并同老师商讨减少作业量。2. 单选题In ancient India, there used to be a very formidable（ ） in religious and social life.问题1选项A.hierarchyB.powerC.despotD.president【答案】A【解析】名词辨析。句意: 在古印度，在社会和宗教生活中有很可怕的等级制度。hierarchy等级制度。power功率;力量；能力。despot专制君主

12、，暴君。president总统；董事长；校长。3. 填空题Pesticides, the most cost-effective （1）of pest and weed control, allow the maintenance of current yields and so contribute（2） economic viability .Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these a

13、gents, which （3）emigrate from treated fields to air, other land and water bodies. How （4）the pesticide remains in the soil depends on how strongly it is bound by soil components and how readily it is degraded .It （5）depends on the environmental conditions at the time of application, e.g.oil water co

14、ntent. Pesticide use must ensure public safety and environmental protection with（6）to both the chemical itself and their potentially harmful metabolites. This paper reviews what is known of the （7）of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil system, such as moisture content, organic matt

15、er and clay contents, and pH, on the sorption/desorption and degradation of pesticides and their access to groundwater and surface waters. An understanding of the fate of pesticides is essential for rational decision-taking regarding their authorization. To reach an adequate understanding will requi

16、re the concourse（8）soil science, clay mineralogy, physical chemistry, surface chemistry, environmental microbiology, plant physiology and, no doubt, other disciplines.（9）through a multidisciplinary approach to environmental research will it be possible to plan, manage, pursue and integrate the resul

17、ts of the studies that will be necessary for the development of tools and techniques allowing effective environmental decision-making. There seems to be a great potential to develop microbially derived pesticides, which are effective, reliable and have a（10）environmental risk. In addition, new appli

18、cation techniques, for example precision band spraying, can reduce the dose, which can be a very effective way to minimize transport and emission but also to avoid a build-up of resistance in target organisms. Improved formulations will also be needed to reduce off-target deposition, improve retenti

19、on on target, and enhance uptake and translocation.【答案】（1）Means。（2）to。（3）can。（4）long。（5）also。（6）regards。（7）influence。（8）of。（9）Only。（10）low。【解析】1.语义连接。句意：农药是除害虫和杂草的最有效的（ ）。means：方式，手段。2.固定搭配。contribute to：有助于。3.语义连接。句意：农药重复使用对环境造成污染，此现象已经引起了研究机构的注意，污染治理的范围将不仅仅局限于土壤本身，可能转向其他领域。4. 语义连接。how long：多久，表示时间

20、长度。句意：农药在土壤中残留多久，取决于它的强度。5. 语义连接。前句提到农药在土壤中残留程度取决于多方面因素，接着讲述也取决于6.固定搭配。With regards to：关于，考虑到。7.语义连接。句意：本文综述了土壤系统的物理和化学特性（如含水量、有机质和粘土含量、pH值）对农药的吸附/解吸和降解及其进入地下水和地表水的影响。influence：影响。8. 语义题。concourse：综合。空格处填介词of，此处表示各学科的综合。9. 固定搭配。句子是部分倒装句，状语提前放到句首，谓语动词放在主语前面。表示：只有通过才。10. 逻辑分析。微生物源农药更effective， reliabl

21、e（有效，可靠），应该对应a low environmental risk（低风险）。4. 单选题You mustnt allow your work to become sloppy, but rather you should try to improve it.问题1选项A.fall offB.come offC.put offD.wear off【答案】A【解析】动词短语辨析。句意: 你不应该让你的工作水平下滑，而应当努力提高。、fall off:下降，降低。come off:举行，达到效果。Put off：推迟，延迟。Wear off:麿损，逐渐消逝。sloppy:马虎的，草率的，粗

22、心的。故A与原文相符。5. 单选题At our house, nobody gets more mail than Jake: catalogs, coupons, and offers to subscribe to magazines. He is also urged to donate to worth causes and take advantage of some pretty incredible credit-card offers.He ignores all of them. What do they expect? Hes a dog.It all started wh

23、en I used Jakes name as an alias on the Internet, in an attempt to protect whats left of my privacy. Before I knew it, junk was poring in, proving once again that these days every move you make online can be, often is, carefully watched and recorded by people who dont know you from your dogeveryone

24、from ad and insurance agencies to nonprofit groups and even the dreaded telemarketers. And lets not forget the more, shall we say, unscrupulous characters.Weve all heard horror stories about people whose identities, in the form of credit card or Social Security numbers, were assumed by crooks. Ident

25、ity theft is one of the fastest-growing crimes around.Even if you never buy anything online, your privacy can be compromised by Web “cookies”. A cookie is a small file that a Web site stores on your computer containing information it can use to “recognize” you if you return to that site.Most cookies

26、 pose little risk to privacy on their own. The problem comes when others get hold of your cookies. In a highly publicized case earlier this year. Doubleclick Inc. Planned to cross-reference consumer cookie data with information from a marketing database, such as name, address and credit card-purchas

27、e history. Seen as an unethical violation ofconsumers privacy, a lawsuit followed. Doubleclick gave up the plan, for now.In the meantime, other threats to your cyberprivacy still exist. Example; Anyone who know where to look can buy stolen credit card numbers in chat rooms, and spends up every penny

28、 on your card in minutes.In this technology-driven world, your new best friend may be a different kind of animal: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, which let you complete electronic transactions anonymously. The Anonymizer ()offers anonymous surfing. Anonymous payment mechanisms such as electronic cas

29、h () let you shop online without a credit card. And you can download free software such as the Internet Junkbuster to filter out most cookies before they touch your computer.Still, as new technologies bring out the creativity in crooks, your best bet may be plain old-lash-ioned vigilance. Keep track

30、 of each penny, balance your checkbook and follow up on discrepancies in your statements immediately. However much the world changes, it still pays to be your own watchdog.1.The author used an alias on the Internet in order to （ ）.2.“Weve al heard horror stories about people whose identities, in the

31、 form of credit card orSocial Security numbers, were assumed by crooks.” (Para. 4) The word “assume” means（ ）3.Cookies post great threat to your privacy when（ ） .4.The PETs can enhance your privacy by（ ） .5.To protect yourself online, youd better（ ） .问题1选项A.attract more mailsB.ignore the junkC.conce

32、al his identityD.protect the dog问题2选项A.supposeB.feignC.undertakeD.copy问题3选项A.they contain your informationB.they enter your personal computerC.your cookies carry virusesD.your cookies are got and used by others问题4选项A.enabling you to do online business without exposing your identityB.allowing you to

33、pay without electronic cashC.letting you download software free of chargeD.making you surfing the net with an alias问题5选项A.catch up with new technologiesB.depend on more powerful protective softwareC.keep in constant touch with the online service providersD.stay vigilant to your online accounts【答案】第1

34、题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实。在第三段提出“in an attempt to protect whats left of my privacy”说明作者是为了隐藏他的身份。2.词义题。句意:我们总是听说人们的身份，被骗子以信用卡或者社会保障的号码的形式冒名顶替使用。3.细节事实。第六段指出:当别人持有你的cookie的时候，问题就出来了4.细节事实。根据题干定位至倒数第二段: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, which let you complete electronic transactions anonymously

35、(PET能让你匿名完成电子交易)。5.细节事实。最后一段给出建议: your best bet may be plain old-lash-ioned vigilance (你最好的办法就是保持警惕)。6. 单选题Producing elastic through chemical synthesis is a tedious process consuming three months.问题1选项A.the better half ofB.for the better ofC.all the better forD.the better part of【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意: 通过

36、化学合成生产弹性是很烦的一个过程，会花费大约三个月的时间（三个月大部分的时间）。the better part of大多数。7. 单选题Agreement made by the President with other countries（ ） the approval of the senate.问题1选项A.is subjected toB.is subject toC.draws outD.substitute for【答案】A【解析】短语辨析。句意: 总统和别的国家所签订的协议要受到议会的批准。be subjected to受到.;经受.。be subject to受支配,从属于;常

37、遭受有.倾向的。draw out取出；拟订。 substitute for代替，取代。8. 单选题The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industiy is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrisome development is a culture of drug-friendliness that seems to be gaining promi

38、nence，” said the UNs 13-member International Narcotics Control Board in a report released in late February 1998.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures. “Some lyrics advocate the smoking of marijuana(大

39、麻)or taking other drugs, and certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a persons lifestyle,” the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the

40、 occasional shock of death by overdose. “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect of recreational drug use，” it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie starsincluding Elivis

41、Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs-have died of either drug abuse or drug related illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the

42、 names of certain pop stars have become familiar to the members of every household,” the study says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug issues-especially the use of marijuana and issues of liberalization and legalization, which encourages, rather than prevents, dru

43、g abuse. “Over the last years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,” says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs，” he says. Ghodse also points out that all th

44、ese developments have created an environment which is tolerant of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention efforts currently underway.The present study, he says, focuses on the issue of demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of

45、drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are being exposed.1.Which of the following statements does the author tend to agree with?2.The italicized phrase “under fire

46、 (Par. 1, sentence 1) means（ ） .3.Under the influence of drug-friendly pop music, what might the youth think of the death of some pop stars caused by overdose?4.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a factor that has contributed to creating an environment tolerant of or even favo

47、rable to drug abuse?5.The pop music （ ）.问题1选项A.The use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes is an acceptable part of a persons life style.B.The spreading of pop music may cause the drug abuse to go beyond the boundaries of the country.C.No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drug abuse

48、.D.The governments have no ability to act against the pro-drug messages of the youth culture.问题2选项A.in an urgent situationB.facing some problemsC.being criticizedD.quite popular m问题3选项A.They tend to mourn the pop stars as role models.B.They are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse drugs.C.They t

49、ry to confront the deadly effect of “recreational” drug use.D.They may stop abusing the drugs.问题4选项A.The spreading of pop music.B.The media.C.The low price of some drugs.D.Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.问题5选项A.has a great influence on young people of most culturesB.only appeals

50、to a small number of young people.C.is not a profitable industry.D.is the only culprit responsible for drug abuse.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。第三段：.messages tolerating or promoting drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin容忍或推动吸毒的资讯也超出了原来的国界。故选C(没有采取措施防止药物滥用的蔓延)。2.语义题。此句

51、后面紧接着说: It is being blamed by the United Nations (受到联合国的谴责), 由此推测under fire意为 “受到严厉批评，遭到攻击”。3.细节题。第三段：Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to confront the deadly effect ofrecreationaldrug use (这类事件往往只让人哀悼失去榜样，而不让人正视“娱乐性”吸毒的致命后果)。故选A。

52、4.细节题。题干问的是:下列哪个选项不是有助于创造一个包容的甚至有利于药物滥用的环境的因素？A项(流行音乐的传播)显然是原因之一。第四段：The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug：联合国的研究也谴责媒体对流行音乐圈药物滥用现象过多报道，B正确。第四段：.Powerful pressure groups run political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs：许多有实力的集团开始发起政治运动，来使得被控制的药品合法化。D正确。只有C

53、项未被提及。5.细节题。第二段：.pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures(作为全球性产业，流行音乐是大部分青年文化局潮流具影响力的引导者), 故A正确。9. 单选题The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment” period from

54、birth to three may scar a childs personality and (predispose) to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do belie

55、ve this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni the father

56、 and mother of a child did not rear their infant alonefar from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not so widespread today if parents, caretakers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the result

57、s would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had

58、 to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by

59、 the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nu

60、rsery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.1.This passage primarily argues that（ ） .2.The phrase “predispose to

61、” (Para. 1, line 3) most probably means （ ）.3.According to Bowlbys analysis, it is quite possible that（ ） .4.It is implied but not stated in the second paragraph that .5.The writer concludes that （ ）.问题1选项A.infants under the age of three should not be sent to nursery schoolsB.whether children under

62、the age of three should be sent to nursery schoolsC.there is not negative long-term effect on infants who are sent to school before they are threeD.there is some negative effect on children when they are sent to school after the age of three问题2选项A.lead toB.dispose toC.get intoD.tend to suffer问题3选项A.childrens personalities will