2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解2

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1、2022年考博英语-桂林理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your answers on Answer Sheet.The Tomb Sweeping Day is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. It typically falls on April 4, 5, or 6 of the solar calendar. This festival was originally celebra

2、ted for the revival of nature. It marked the beginning of the planting season and other outdoor activities. At that time, people celebrated it with dancing, singing, picnics, and spring outing. Later it graduated into a day to honor past ancestors. Today, all the Chinese sweep their late ancestors t

3、ombs when the festival comes. Tomb sweeping activities usually include weeding and earthing up the tombs, offering sacrifices, burning spirit money, shooting off firecrackers and so on.【答案】清明节是中国的传统节日之一。它通常是在阳历的4月4日、5日或6日。这个节日最初是为了庆祝大自然的复兴并且标志着种植季节和其他户外活动的开始。在这个节日里，人们以跳舞、唱歌、野餐和春游来庆祝它。后来它逐渐演变成纪念祖先的日子

4、。如今，每逢清明节来临，所有的中国人都会为先人扫墓。扫墓活动通常包括除草、掘土、祭祀、烧纸钱、放鞭炮等。2. 单选题One hundred years ago, “Colored” was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.” By the late 1960s，that term was overtaken by “Black.” And then, at a p

5、ress conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A centurys worth of calc

6、ulated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations (涵义)that were more negative than those of “African American.”But if it was known that “Black” people were viewed differe

7、ntly from “African Americans,” researchers, until now, hadnt identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory Universitys Erika Hall, found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeco

8、nomic status. As a result, “Black” people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world. Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters biases.

9、A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,” the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members, control.In one of the studys experiments, subjec

10、ts were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as “African-American,” and another was told he was “Black” With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams salary, professional standing, and educational backgroun

11、d.The “African-American” group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and bad a two-year college degree. The “Black” group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $29.000, and guessed that he had only “some” college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr. Wil

12、liams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Halls findings suggest theres an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,” though one cant help but get the sense that its a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perha

13、ps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois original, idealistic hope: “Its not the nameits the thing that counts.”11. Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American” for people of African descent?12. What does the author say about the na

14、ming of an ethnic group?13. What do Erika Halls findings indicate?14. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?15. What is Dr. Du Boiss ideal?问题1选项A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.

15、It follows the standard naming practice.问题2选项A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.问题3选项A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world,B.Many applicants dont attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers shou

16、ld all be careful about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.问题4选项A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black peoples socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.Peoples conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she

17、 is labeled.D.Ones professional standing and income are related to their educational background.问题5选项A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nations continued progress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:

18、A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】11.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第一段倒数第一二句话Jesse Jackson declared that “African American” was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as “Italian Americans” and “Irish Americans,” that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.“杰西杰克逊(Jesse

19、 Jackson)宣称，“非裔美国人”是一个值得拥抱的词。之所以选择这个词，是因为它呼应了一些群体的标签，比如“意大利裔美国人”和“爱尔兰裔美国人”，这些群体已经摆脱了广泛的歧视。”，从这里可以看出答案选A“它没有种族偏见”；B选项“它代表社会进步”，定位到第二段第一句话A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明，为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”，名称并

20、没有展现社会进步而是具有政治意味，所以B选项不选，属于反向干扰；C选项“这符合普通美国人的利益”，文章没有提及属于无中生有；D选项“它遵循标准的命名惯例”，文章没有提及属于无中生有。12.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第一句话A centurys worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.“一个世纪以来精心设计的名字变化表明，为任何组织命名都是一项充满政治意味的活动”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“政治敏感”；A

21、选项“它是与时俱进的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“它基于种族根源”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“它值得深入研究”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.事实细节题，第一步，精准定位，根据关键人名Erika Hall定位到第四段第一句话The studys most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.“这项研究最引人注目的发现揭示了职场中普遍存在的种族偏见。”，由此可知答案选A选项“在职业领域，种族偏见很普遍”；B选项“许多求职者不注意简历上的细节”

22、，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“求职者都应该小心他们的关系”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“大多数招聘人员无法控制他们的种族偏见”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。14.判断推理题，第一步，寻找上下文线索，根据实验内容，同样是威廉，一组被暗示是非裔美国人，一组直接被告知是黑人，实验结果显示两组对同一个人的猜测则完全不同的，所以C选项“人们对一个人的看法与他或她被贴上的标签有很大关系”符合题意；A选项“非裔美国人比许多其他种族的人过得更好”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有所以不选；B选项“黑人在美国的社会经济地位仍然很低”，见正确选项，两个对照组预测对象不是不同种族的威廉而是不同标签的黑人威

23、廉，属于偷换概念，所以不选；D选项“一个人的职业地位和收入与他们的教育背景有关”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有所以不选。15.判断推理题。寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句Its not the nameits the thing that counts“重要的不是名字，而是所做的事情”，从这里可知杜波依斯的想法是用一个人所做的事情来评判一个人，而不是用他的名字，所以答案选B选项“一个人是由他的价值来判断的”；A选项“所有美国人都享有平等的权利”，文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为“黑人”和“非裔美国人”时人们的不同态度，没有涉及种族压迫或者歧视，这里属于推理过度；C选项“一个新的术语被创造来称

24、呼非裔美国人”，从这里可知怎么称呼黑人没有那么重要，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“各民族共同进步”，文章探讨了非洲血统的美国人被称为黑人和非裔美国人时人们的不同态度，没有提到其他民族，这里属于无中生有。3. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the pas

25、sage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passageA coeducational（男女合校的）school offers children nothing less than a tree version of socie

26、ty in miniature（缩影）. Boys and girls are given the 1 to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of 2 ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities whic

27、h are part of school life. What a practical 3 it is（to give just a small example）to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense coeducation makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versa. When 4, bo

28、ys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its 5 place.The greatest contribution of coeducation is 6 the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are 7 creatures. Girls dont grow up imagining that m

29、en are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school remove illusions of this kind. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and 8 problems involved in growing up. These can better be 9 in a coeducational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to l

30、eave school, they are fully prepared to 10 society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and womenA. advantage B. proper C. rewarded D. emotionalE. opportunity F. activity G. overcome H. academicI. enter J. mysterious K.

31、eventually L. segregatedM. undoubtedly N. principle O. advocate【答案】1.E2.H3.A4.L5.B6.O7.J8.D9.G10.I【解析】名词：A选项advantage“优势”；E选项opportunity“机会”；F选项activity“活动”；H选项academic学者；N选项principle“原则”动词：C选项rewarded“奖励，奖赏”；G选项overcome“克服”；I选项enter“进入”；L选项segregated“隔离”；O选项advocate“倡导”形容词：B选项proper“合适的”；D选项emotion

32、al“感情的，情绪的”；H选项academic“学术的，理论的”；J选项mysterious“神秘的，难解的”；L选项segregated“分割的”；副词：K选项eventually“最终地”；M选项undoubtedly“确实地，毋庸置疑地”1.句意：男孩子和女孩子能够有（ ）来了解对方。这里空格在冠词后，且后面没有名词，所以可知空格处应该填名词，这里从名词词义代入，E选项最符合题意。2. 句意：他们处于一个地方，一个他们可以在（ ）能力、运动成就和许多课外活动（这是学校生活的一部分）方面互相比较的地方。空格后面的单词是名词所以前面填的实词是形容词，联系下文的athletic achieve

33、ment（体育成就）和extracurricular activities（课外活动），这里指的应该是学业活动，所以答案选H选项。3. 句意：这是多么实际的（ ）（举一个小例子），能够上演一个学校戏剧，其中的男性角色将由男孩扮演，而女性角色将由女孩扮演。感叹句的用法是what a + N + 句子其他部分 或者 How + adj + N + 句子其他部分。这里是what 引导的感叹句，所以空格处填名词，演戏剧的时候男性扮演男性角色女性扮演女性角色，相比于男子学院或者女子学院来说是一种优势，所以答案选A。4. 句意：当（ ），男孩和女孩感到他们是一个种族的差异。在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语

34、一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be，留下其余部分，所以句子里的时间状语从句省略了boys and girls are，所以空格处填的词是形容词、动名词、名词。根据主句关键词apart，这里的词选择L。5.句意：在男女同校的学校里，所有东西都落在它（ ）的位置。这里的空格放在代词后面名词前面所以空格处填的是形容词。根据上文中，排练戏剧时，男性扮演男性角色、女性扮演女性角色可知答案选B，所有事情都放在自己合适的位置。6. 句意：男女同校最大的贡献是它（ ）健康的生活态度。空格前面的词语时be动词把空格处去掉也不影响句意，所以空格处是个修饰性词语也就是动词或者副词，

35、空格后面的词语是形容词所以空格处一定要选副词。根据句意M选项符合逻辑。be动词后面不能接动词原型，所以答案不能选O。7. 句意：男孩在成长过程中不会相信女人是（ ）生物。空格后面是名词，所以答案选形容词选项，从后面那句女孩也不再认为男生是浪漫的英雄可知，男女同校的好处是破除两性之间的刻板印象，结合选项，这里选择J选项，男孩子不会认为女生是神秘的生物。8. 句意：棘手的青春期把成长过程中涉及到的一些身体问题和（ ）问题清晰地呈现出来。空格后的词语是名词，所以空格处应该填形容词，空格前的连词and连接生理的，所以这里填的就是心理的，答案选D。9. 句意：这些可以在男女同校的环境中被（ ）。这里be

36、动词与过去分词组成被动语态，所以有C、G选项可选，these指的是前面句子中男孩和女孩在青春期遇到的问题，所以能够和问题搭配的词语是G选项。10. 句意：当学生们离开学校的时候，他们已经完全准备好以适应社会的成年人的身份（）社会。根据固定搭配prepare to do sth. 由此可知空格处填的词是动词原形，空格处接的词是society根据句意，这里选I选项最为合适。4. 单选题Romantic love is a culture trait found primarily in industrialized societies. Elsewhere in the world, pragma

37、tic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary, rational process of mate selection. Traces of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughte

38、rs are expected to marry “well” that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential. Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance（轻蔑地）at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love pla

39、ys no part.The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when two young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive. They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty （充满幻想的）even irrational manner, decide that they are right for one another, and may th

40、en enter a marriage whose success is expected to be guaranteed by their enduring love. Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed （赞同）throughout American popular culture, by books, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.Romantic love is a noble ideal, and it can certai

41、nly provide a basis for the spouses to “live happily ever after.” But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerationsas indeed they have been in most societies throughout most of history. Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reason seems to be

42、 that it has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family（小家庭）.31. Romantic love is less frequently found in many non-industrial societies because people in these societies_.32. The underlined word “eligible” in Para. 1 could best be replaced by_.33. According to the pas

43、sage, most Americans_.34. What can we learn from the second paragraph about romantic love?35. The author seems to believe that_.问题1选项A.firmly believe that only money can make the world go roundB.fail to bring the imaginative power of the mind into full playC.fondly think that flights of fancy preven

44、t them from making a correct choice of partnerD.have far more practical considerations to determine who will marry whom问题2选项A.qualifiedB.availableC.chosenD.influential问题3选项A.expect their daughters to fall in love with a male at first sightB.regard romantic love as the basis for a successful marriage

45、C.look up to those who marry for the sake of wealthD.consider romantic love to be the most desirable thing in the world问题4选项A.It is a common occurrence among the old.B.It is primarily described by books.C.It is characterized by mutual attraction and absorption.D.It is rejected as flighty and irratio

46、nal.问题5选项A.romantic love makes people unable to think clearly in the process of mate selectionB.only romantic love can make a marriage happy ever afterC.much more practical considerations can also be the basis for a successful marriageD.romantic love plays an insignificant role in maintaining the in

47、stitution of the nuclear family【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:C【解析】31.事实细节题。定位到第一段第二句话Elsewhere in the world, pragmatic considerations rather than flights of fancy are often used to make a choice of partner, and romantic love is seen as an unfortunate inconvenience that gets in the way of the ordinary,

48、 rational process of mate selection.“在世界上的其他地方，人们在选择伴侣时往往考虑务实而非异想天开，而浪漫的爱情则被视为妨碍正常、理性的择偶过程的不幸的麻烦”，所以答案选C选项“在决定谁将和谁结婚时，有更实际的考虑”。A选项“坚信只有金钱才能使世界运转”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。B选项“不能充分发挥想象力”，见正确选项，这里只是说非工业社会的人的择偶观比较务实不是说不能发挥想象力，这里属于推理过度。D选项“天真地认为幻想妨碍了他们正确地选择伴侣”文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。32.推理判断题。第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二句Traces

49、 of this attitude persist in the American upper classes, where daughters are expected to marry “well” that is, to a male who is eligible by reason of family background and earning potential.“这种态度的痕迹在美国上层社会依然存在，那里的女孩被期望嫁给好的男人，也就是说，嫁给一个有家庭背景和收入潜力的合适的男人”，这里可以看出这句描述的是美国上层阶级选女婿的条件，从后面的by reason of （处于原因）

50、，这里可知合格的女婿是要家庭有背景，以及有潜力的人，所以答案选A“合格的，有资格的”。B选项“可提供的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“选择的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“有影响力的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。33.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段最后一句话Most Americans, however, see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage, and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reaso

51、n in which love plays no part.“然而，大多数美国人认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的必要条件，并倾向于以怀疑的眼光看待那些因为更实际的原因而结婚的人，这些原因中没有爱情的作用”，从这里可知答案选B“认为浪漫的爱情是成功婚姻的基础”。A选项“希望自己的女儿能与男性一见钟情”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“尊敬那些为财富而结婚的人”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。D选项“认为浪漫的爱情是世界上最令人向往的东西”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。34.事实细节题。定位到第二段第一句话The phenomenon of romantic love occurs when t

52、wo young people meet and find one another personally and physically attractive.“当两个年轻人相遇并发现彼此在个人和外表上都很有吸引力时，浪漫爱情就会发生”从这里可知答案选C选项“它的特点是相互吸引和吸收”。A选项“这在老年人中很常见。”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“它主要是由书籍描述的”，定位到第三段最后一句话Behavior of this kind is portrayed and warmly endorsed （赞同）throughout American popular culture, by bo

53、oks, magazines, comics, records, popular songs, movies, and TV.“这种行为在美国流行文化中广泛，通过书籍、杂志、漫画、记录、流行歌曲、电影和电视的形式被描绘并被广泛宣传。”从这里可知B选项错误，爱情不止是在书中描写还有漫画、歌谣等，这里属于以偏概全。D选项“它被拒绝为轻浮和非理性的”定位到第二段第二句话They become mutually absorbed, start to behave in what appears to be a flighty even irrational manner“它们相互吸收，开始表现出一种轻

54、浮甚至不理智的行为方式”从这里可知D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。35.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到最后一段第二句话But a marriage can equally well be founded on much more practical considerations“但婚姻同样可以建立在更实际的考虑基础上”从这里可以知道C选项“更实际的考虑也可以成为成功婚姻的基础”正确；B选项“只有浪漫的爱情才能使婚姻从此幸福美满”，定位到最后一段最后一句Why is romantic love of such importance in the modern world? The reaso

55、n seems to be that it has some basic functions in maintaining the institution of the nuclear family.“为什么浪漫的爱情在现代社会如此重要？原因似乎是它在维持核心家庭制度方面具有一些基本功能”从这里可知B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；A选项“浪漫的爱情让人在选择伴侣的过程中无法清晰思考”文中没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“浪漫的爱情在维持核心家庭制度中起着微不足道的作用”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。5. 单选题Like a tired marriage, the relationship betwe

56、en libraries and publishers has long been reassuringly dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares if they are to remain relevant, but many publishers are too wary of piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and HarperCollins

57、 license e-books with most libraries. The others have either denied requests or are reluctantly experimenting. In August, for example, Penguin will start a pilot with public libraries in New York.Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers

58、with money (neither the devices nor broadband connections come cheap). If these wonderful people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then?Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from whe

59、re you live, book files can be downloaded at home. Digital library catalogues are often browsed at night, from a comfy sofa. The files disappear from the device when they are due (which means no late fees, nor worry about lost or damaged books).Awkwardly for publishers, buying an e-book costs more t

60、han renting one but offers little extra value. You cannot resell it, lend it to a friend or burn it to stay warm. Owning a book is useful if you want to savor (品尝)it repeatedly, but who reads “Fifty Shades of Grey” twice?E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompa

61、tible e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, a global distributor that secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Some 35m titles were checked out through OverDrive in 2011, and the company now sends useful data

62、on borrowing behavior to participating publishers. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrives market dominance, as the company can increasingly dictate fees and conditions.Library boosters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers, and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to

63、discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books. But the report also noted that few people know that e-books are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long w

64、aiting lists, which may be what inspires people to buy.So publishers keep tweaking (对稍作调整)their lending arrangements in search of the right balance.Random House raised its licensing prices earlier this year, and HarperCollins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. Penguin plans to keep new releases out of libraries for at least six months, and each book will expire after a year. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.6. What can we learn about the big six publishers?7. What is t