2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解40

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 问答题It demonstrates why it is essential that we focus efforts on measures to help prevent older Apeople from becoming ill in the first place and on having excellent health and social care B Cservices for them since they do. D【答案】试题答案：D; if【解析】考查连词。此处表示假设，用连词if（假

2、如）。2. 单选题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It may put too much pressure on team members.B.It may harm the culture of todays workplace.C.It may hinder individual career advancement.D.It may result in unwillingness to take risks.问题2选项A.They can hardly give expres

3、sion to their original views.B.They may eventually lose their confidence and creativity.C.They can become less motivated to do projects of their own.D.They may find it hard to get their contributions recognized.问题3选项A.They can get chances to engage in research.B.They can enlarge their professional c

4、ircle.C.They can complete the project more easily.D.They can make the best use of their expertise.25.问题4选项A.It may prevent making a timely decision.B.It may cause lots of arguments in a team.C.It may deprive a team of business opportunities.D.It may give rise to a lot of unnecessary expenses.【答案】第1题

5、:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】Recording ThreeToday Id like to talk about the dangers of being too collaborative. Being a good team player is a central skill in our modern workplace. The ability to work well with others and collaborate on projects is a sought-after ability in nearly every position. However, 2

6、2 placing too much emphasis on being a good team player can negatively affect your career growth.Dont be overly focused on gaining consensus. Dont be too concerned with the opinions of others. This can hinder your ability to make decisions, speak up and gain recognition for your individual skills an

7、d strengths.Some people are too subordinate to others opinions, too focused on decision consensus, too silent about their own point of view, too agreeable to take things on when they dont have time or energy. This leads to building a brand of underconfident, submissive, low-impact non-leaders and ha

8、mpers then-growth and career advancement.23 Collaboration certainly makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify. Collaborative projects mean youre sharing the spotlight with others. Outsiders may then find it difficult to determine your contributions

9、 and strengths. This may end up costing you opportunities for promotions or pay raises. You certainly shouldnt ditch teamwork, but how can you avoid the hazards of being an over-collaborator?Working in a team can have huge benefits. Your team may have repeated successes and often gain recognition, 2

10、4 you then have more opportunities to expand your professional network than if you worked alone. However, finding a balance between team efforts and individual projects that give you independent recognition is important for making a name for yourself and providing opportunities for advancement.Be se

11、lective in who you work with. This will maximize the benefits and minimize the downsides of being a team player. Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise. Select projects where theres potential for mutual benefit. Perhaps youre bringing your unique knowledge and gaining access to som

12、eone elses professional network. Or maybe youre able to learn a new skill by working with someone. Seek out your teammates purposefully rather than jumping on every new group project opportunity.When were too collaborative, we want everyone to agree with a decision before we proceed. 25 This can cre

13、ate unnecessary delays as you hold meetings trying to achieve consensus. Its fine to be collaborative when seeking input, but put a deadline on the input stage and arrive at a decision, even if its a decision that doesnt have consensus.22. What does the speaker say about being over collaborative?【试题

14、答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是录音中给出的关于过度合作的信息。录音开头提到过于强调成为一个好的团队成员会对职业发展产生负面影响，这里placing too much emphasis on being a good team player即问题中所说的being over collaborative, 因此C选项“可能阻碍个人职业发展”符合原文。A选项“它可能给团队成员带来太大压力”；B选项“它可能会损害当今的职场文化”和D选项“它可能会导致人们不愿意冒险”在录音中均未提及。23. What does the speaker say about people engaged in collab

15、orative projects?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于参与合作项目的人，说话者说了什么？录音提到，合作会使个人能力和个人贡献更难被外人发现（makes your individual competencies and contributions more difficult for outsiders to identify）。D选项“他们可能会发现自己的贡献很难被识别出来”与之表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们几乎不能表达他们原来的观点”，录音说的是“他们太过隐藏自己的观点”（too silent about their own point of view），因此A选项不正确；

16、录音中只是提到了underconfident（信心不足），并没有提到“合作”对创造力和动力的影响，因此B选项“他们最终可能会失去信心和创造力”和C选项“他们会变得更没有动力去做自己的项目”均不正确。24. How do people benefit from working in a team?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问人们从团队合作中得到什么益处？录音提到，在团队中工作有很大的好处团队也许会多次获得成功，并经常获得认可，团队成员便有更多的机会来扩大其职业关系网（expand your professional network），因此B选项“他们可以扩大自己的职业圈子”与之表述相符。A选

17、项“他们可能有机会从事研究工作”这一信息在录音中并未提及；C选项“他们可以更容易地完成项目”，录音中没有对比个人项目和团队项目哪个更容易完成，因此可排除；D选项“他们可以充分利用自己的专业知识”，利用录音中的expertise设置干扰，录音中指的是与专业知识互补的人合作（Collaborate with people who have complementary expertise），而不是利用自己的专业知识，因此D选项也不正确。25. Why is it undesirable to spend too much time trying to reach consensus?【试题答案】A【

18、试题解析】题目问为什么花太多时间以求达成共识会令人讨厌？录音最后提到，当我们过度合作时，会希望每个人都同意某个决定，而这会造成不必要的延误（create unnecessary delays），也就是说“可能会妨碍我们及时做出决定”，因此A选项正确。B选项“可能会在团队中引起很多争论”在录音中未提及；C选项“可能剥夺团队的商业机会”，主要是利用录音中的opportunities for advancement（晋升机会）和group project opportunity（团队项目机会）设干扰，但这些不等同于C选项中的business opportunities（商业机会），因此C选项不能选；

19、D选项“可能会产生很多不必要的费用”在录音中也没有信息提及。3. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.They work in different fields of AI technology.B.They disagree about the future of AI technology.C.They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.D.They are both worried about t

20、he negative impact of technology.问题2选项A.Simply writing AI software.B.Stimulating and motivating.C.Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.D.More demanding and requiring special training.问题3选项A.There could be jobs nobody wants to do.B.Digital life could replace human civilization.C.Humans would

21、be tired of communicating with one another.D.Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.问题4选项A.Life will become like a science fiction film.B.It will take away humans jobs altogether.C.Chips will be inserted in human brains.D.It will be smarter than human beings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B

22、第4题:D【解析】Conversation TwoW: 5 How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.M: 5 AI? Im not so optimistic actually. In fact, its something we should be concerned about.W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and when we

23、 have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.M: Well, one thing is for sure, technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.W: 6 I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of jobs

24、which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.W: At that time, were going to have a lot of jobs which nobody w

25、ill want to do, so well need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.M: I dont know. 7 Theres a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life. AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, some

26、people think were in a simulation, right now.W: Thats impossible. Humans cant even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and thats where the wisdom comes from.M: Once its fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slower

27、thinkers in comparison.W: Im not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.M: 8 Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. Itll be barely getting any information out.W: Well, I believe theres a benevolent future

28、with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.5. What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问从对话中我们可以了解到关于说话人的哪些信息？根据录音原文可知，男士和女士就人工智能的未来展开讨论，并且双方持不同的观点，女士持乐观的态度，男士则与之相反，并且表示担忧。由此可知，B选项“他们对人工智能技术的未来意见不一”正确。A选项“他们都在人工智能技术的不同领域工作”这一信息在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“他们在现代技

29、术方面的认识差别很大”，表述过于宽泛，录音中只提到人工智能领域，并没有涉及其他现代技术，因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们都担心技术的负面影响”，录音中只有男士对此是担忧的，女士是持乐观的态度，因此，D选项不正确。6. What will new kinds of jobs be like, according to the woman?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据女士的说法，新型的工作会是什么样的？女士认为人工智能将有助于创造新型的工作，这些工作将占用人们更少的时间，让人们集中精力去做创造性的工作，C选项“花费的时间更少且专注于创造”与录音原文的意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“仅仅需要编

30、写人工智能软件”不属于女士的观点，因此排除；B选项“有趣又能激励人心的”和 D选项“要求更高且需要特殊培训的”在录音原文中均未提及，因此排除。7. What is the risk the man anticipates?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问男士预期会出现的风险是什么？女士提出未来会出现很多没人愿意做的工作，所以需要人工智能机器人来帮我们做。对于这一点，男士表示怀疑，认为这样的话，人类文明可能会被一种先进的数字生活方式所取代，B选项“数字生活可能会取代人类文明”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“可能会有没人愿意做的工作”是女士提出的观点，与男士无关，因此排除；C选项“人类会厌倦

31、彼此交流”，录音中说的是，一旦人工智能发展完善，将会厌倦与人类交流，并不是人类厌倦彼此交流，属于偷换概念。D选项“老年人将只能由没有感情的机器人来照顾”，录音中女士说的是：我们需要人工智能让机器人来照顾我们这些年老的人，选项意思与录音原文不符，并且不属于男士的看法，因此也可排除。8. What is the mans concern about AI technology?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问男士对人工智能技术有什么顾虑？在对话的最后，男士说道，计算机很容易就能以惊人的速度进行通信，所以未来计算机与人类交流时，只会失去耐心，这样的话，人类几乎不可能从中获取任何信息。由此可知，男士认

32、为以计算机为依托的人工智能可能在未来超越人类的智慧，没有耐心与人类交流，D选项“它将比人类更聪明”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。A选项“生活会变得像科幻电影”利用录音最后的science fiction film设置干扰，与原文表述不符，因此排除；B选项“它将彻底夺走人类的工作”，虽然在原文中能找到相关信息，但这只是表面信息，男士的顾虑归根结底还是因为人工智能的发展可能会超越人类的智慧，因此B选项不准确；C选项“人类的大脑将会被植入芯片”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。4. 单选题As a teenager, I was（ ）by a blind passion for a slim star

33、 I would never meet in my life.问题1选项A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。pursue “追求”；seduce “引诱”；consume “消费；使着迷”；guarantee “担保”。句意：作为一个年轻人，我痴迷于这位在生命中从未见过的苗条的明星。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题The （ ） from the airport was really tiring because it was situated far from the city.问题1选项A.flightB.travel

34、C.crossingD.journey【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：flight意为“飞行，航班”；选项B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；选项C：crossing意为“横越，横渡”；选项D：journey“（侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程旅行）行程，路程”。由题意可知，本题的正确选项为D选项。句意：从机场回来的路真的很累人，因为它离城市很远。6. 单选题Frank （ ） all his strength, pushed past the players blocking him, and ran for a touchdown.问题1选项A.called onB.call

35、ed downC.called upD.called for【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。call on “拜访；号召”；call down “引起；责骂”；call up “给打电话；调用”；call for “去接（某人）；去取（某物）”。句意：弗兰克用尽全力推开阻碍者，越线得分。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题All programs celebrating the Spring Festival in the CCTV have been （relayed） to even part of the world through satellites.问题1选项A.receivedB.r

36、eservedC.rebroadcastD.enjoyed【答案】C【解析】句意：央视所有庆祝春节的节目都通过卫星转播到世界各地。划线词的前缀是re-，选项A和B不符合句意，所以选项C正确。8. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.Consumers visualize their activities in different weather.B.Good weather triggers consumers desire to go shopping.C.Weather condi

37、tions influence consumers buying behavior.D.Consumers mental states change with the prices of goods.问题2选项A.Direct correlation.B.Mental visualization.C.Individual association.D.Active consumption.问题3选项A.Helping them advertise a greater variety of products.B.Enabling them to sell their products at a h

38、igher price.C.Enabling them to simplify their mathematical formulas.D.Helping them determine what to sell and at what price.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D【解析】Passage OneWeather is a constant force in our lives, but theres little marketing research on how it affects businesses. 9 Now, a new study reveals how su

39、nny and snowy conditions influence consumer behavior. 10 Those weather conditions trigger consumers to mentally visualize using products associated with the respective weather. This leads to consumers placing a higher value on those products, that is, theyre willing to pay more money for them. But t

40、he correlation is only found with products related to being outside. How does this work? Researchers give the example of a beach towel. On a sunny day, consumers who see that product are not just looking at the towel itself. They are likely imagining themselves lying on the towel in the sun. 10 This

41、 mental picture of using the towel increases the value of the product in the consumers mind. Researchers put forward the following hypothesis to explain their findings. They think the mental picture works in sunshine and snow because these weather conditions have a positive association with outside

42、activities. The effect is not seen with rainy weather. Researchers assert this is because there arent many activities that are enabled by rain. Most products associated with rain like umbrellas are only used for protection from the weather and not for any activities. Researchers believe that compani

43、es that sell a wide array of products online can benefit most from the insights this study provides. 11 Online sellers often use complex mathematical formulas to determine what products to feature and how to price these products. Incorporating more data about weather would allow them to make better

44、decisions. This could bolster sales.9. What do we learn about the findings of the new study?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于这项新研究的发现，我们可以知道什么？录音开始不久便提到，一项新的研究揭示了晴雪天气对消费者行为的影响，C选项“天气条件影响消费者的购买行为”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“消费者想象他们在不同天气下的活动”和D选项“消费者的心理状态随着商品价格的变化而变化”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。B选项“好的天气引发消费者购物的欲望”，录音中只是表明晴雪天气会触发消费者将这些天

45、气与产品的使用联想在一起，而这样的联想会增加产品在消费者心目中的价值，也就是说，他们愿意为这些产品支付更多的钱。这表明他们愿意花更高的价格来购买东西，并不是说好天气引发购物欲，因此B选项不正确。10. What does the passage say may increase the value of products for consumers?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问对消费者来说，什么可以增加产品的价值。录音中提及晴雪天气会促使消费者想象与这些天气相关的商品使用情景，从而增加商品在消费者心目中的价值，并以沙滩毛巾为例具体说明。因此，B选项“大脑想象”正确。A选项“直接关联”利用c

46、orrelation作干扰，消费者通过天气联想商品使用的场景，然后想象的画面使得商品增值，这是间接的关联，因此A选项不正确；C选项“个人关联”，新研究揭示的是一般消费者的普遍行为，并没有针对个人进行研究，因此不正确；D选项“主动消费”，录音中并没有表明消费是主动还是被动，因此D选项也不正确。11. How can the findings of the new study benefit online sellers, according to the researchers?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问研究人员认为这项新研究的发现可以怎样使网上卖家受益？录音结尾处提及，研究人员认为网上卖

47、家在决定卖什么和定什么价格时，如果能把更多的天气信息纳入考虑，会有助于做出更明智的决定，从而促进销售。因此，D选项“帮助他们决定卖什么和定什么价格”正确。A选项“帮助他们宣传更多种类的产品”，录音中并没有提及“advertise（宣传）”这一信息，因此不正确；B选项“使他们能以更高的价格销售产品”，新研究发现跟某些天气条件有正相关的产品可以在消费者心中增值，从而使他们愿意支付更多的钱，但并非所有商品都有这些效应，因此可排除B选项；C选项“使他们能够简化数学公式”利用mathematical formulas设置干扰，录音只提及网上卖家用复杂的数学公式去帮助做销售决策，新研究的发现可以帮助他们更

48、好地做决策，但没说简化数学公式，因此C选项也不正确。9. 单选题This is a far from（ ）bookit is a rich mix of pleasures and information, and is full of surprises.问题1选项A.solemnB.solidC.solitaryD.sophisticated【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。solemn “庄严的，严肃的”；solid “固体的，可靠的”；solitary “孤独的，独居的”；sophisticated “复杂的，久经世故的”。句意：这完全不是一本严肃的书充满趣味，信息丰富还有各种惊喜。根

49、据破折号后面的句意可知，选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Not benefiting from free-market capitalism.B.Not playing a role in a workplace revolution.C.Not spending enough time on family life and leisure.D.Not earning enough money to provide for the family.问题2

50、选项A.People would be working only fifteen hours a week now.B.Most workers could afford to have a house of their own.C.The balance of power in the workplace would change.D.Technological advances would create many new jobs.问题3选项A.Loss of workers personal dignity.B.Deprivation of workers creativity.C.Un

51、equal distribution of working hours.D.Deterioration of workers mental health.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D【解析】Recording TwoFree-market capitalism hasnt freed usit has trapped us. Its imperative for us to embrace a work-place revolution. We are unlikely to spend our last moments regretting that we didnt spend

52、enough of our lives slaving away at work. 19 We may instead find ourselves feeling guilty about the time we didnt spend watching our children grow, or with our loved ones, or travelling, or on the cultural or leisure pursuits that bring us happiness. Unfortunately, the average full-time employee in

53、the world works 42 hours a week, well over a third of the time we are awake. Some of our all too precious time is being stolen: office workers do around two billion hours of unpaid overtime each year. So it is extremely welcome that some government coalitions have started looking into potentially cu

54、tting the working week to four days.The champions of free market capitalism promised their way of life would bring us freedom. But it wasnt freedom at all: from the lack of secure, affordable housing to growing job insecurity and rising personal debt, the individual is trapped. 20 Nine decades ago,

55、leading economists predicted that technological advances and rising productivity would mean that wed be working a 15-hour week by now: that target has been somewhat missed.Here is the most malignant threat to our personal freedom, particularly as the balance of power in the workplace has been shifte

56、d so dramatically from worker to boss. A huge portion of our lives involves the surrender of our freedom and personal autonomy. Its time in which we are directed by the needs and desires of others, and denied the right to make our own choices. Thats bad for us: it is hardly surprising that 21 over h

57、alf a million workers suffer from work-related mental health conditions each year, or that 15.4 million working days were lost to work-related stress last year, a jump of nearly a quarter.Yes, there are those who, far from being overworked, actually seek more hours. But a shorter working week would

58、enable us to redistribute hours from the overworked to the underworked. We need to look at ways of cutting the working week without slashing living standards: after all, the worlds workers have already suffered the worst deduction in wages since the early 1800s. And cutting the working week would be

59、 conducive to the individual, giving millions of workers more time to spend as they see fit.19. What do people often feel guilty about according to the speaker?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是根据说话者的说法，人们通常对什么感到内疚？录音开头提到，我们可能会觉得内疚，因为我们没有花时间看着我们的孩子成长或去追求那些带给我们快乐的休闲活动。因此C选项“没有花足够的时间在家庭生活和休闲上”正确。A选项“没有从自由市场资本主义中受益”，虽

60、然录音处处透露出自由市场资本主义带给人的 不好影响，但是说话者没有指出人们对此感到内疚，因此A选项可排除。B选项“没有在职场革命中发挥作用”和D选项“挣的钱不够养家”在录音中均未提及。20. What did leading economists predict 90 years ago?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问90年前一流的经济学家预测了什么？录音提到，90年前一流的经济学家曾预测现在的我们每周只需工作15个小时，因此A选项“现在人们一周只工作15个小时”与录音原文表述一致。B选项“大多数工作者都有钱买房子”，录音中提及的是从缺乏安全的、负担得起的住房，到工作越来越得不到保障，再到个

61、人债务不断增加，个人被困住了，并没有提及大多数人都有钱买房子，因此B选项不正确；C选项“工作场所的权力平衡将会改变”，录音中虽然提到相关信息，但这并不是经济学家的预测，因此C选项可排除；D选项“技术进步将创造许多新的工作岗位”在录音中并没有提及。21. What is the result of denying workers right to make their own choices?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问剥夺劳动者自主选择权的后果是什么？录音提到，我们被剥夺了选择的权利。这对我们是不利的：每年有超过50万的劳动者受累于与工作相关的精神健康问题。由此可知，D选项“劳动者心理健康

62、状况恶化”与之意思符合，所以正确。A选项“丧失劳动者的人格尊严”和B选项“剥夺劳动者的创造力”在录音中没有提及；C选项“工作时间分配不均”，利用redistribute hours设置干扰，录音只是说更短的工作周将使我们能够重新分配工作时间，并没有提到分配不均的问题，因此C选项错误。11. 单选题Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.Restrain themselves from high-risk investments.B.Save one-fifth of their net monthly income.C.Invest shrewdly in lucrative businesses.D.Try to earn as much money as possible.问题2选项A.Start by doing something small.B.Ask a close friend for advice.C.Try to stick to their initial plan.D.Cut 20% of their daily spending.问题3选项