2022-2023年考博英语-天津师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第32期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-天津师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题A study suggests the long-term survival benefits of shopping are better than going to the gym, because seeing friends and just people-watching can stave off loneliness and improve psychological health.The researchers found those who shopped daily lived longer t

2、han those who shopped less frequently, even after taking accounts of peoples physical or other health problems. In shopping venues, socializing with, or watching others can provide social and mental benefits. Compared with other types of leisure-time physical activity, like formal exercise, which us

3、ually requires motivation and sometimes professional instruction, shopping is easier to undertake and maintain.【答案】一项研究表明，购物比健身更有利于长寿，因为见见朋友和仅仅看看路人就可以避免孤独和改善心理健康。研究人员发现，那些每天购物的人比那些不经常购物的人活得更长，即使在考虑了人们的身体或其他健康问题之后也是如此。在购物场所，与他人交流或看看他人可以丰富社交，带来精神上的好处。与其他类型的休闲体育活动相比，比如正式的锻炼，这通常需要动力，有时还需要专业指导，购物更容易进行和坚持

4、下去。2. 单选题The debates over stem cell research during the last decade have been among the most heated（ ）in the history of science.问题1选项A.conspiraciesB.contradictionsC.contentionsD.controversies【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。conspiracy意为“阴谋”；contradiction意为“矛盾”；contention意为“论点，争论”；controversy意为“公开辩论，论战”。句意：过去十年中关于干细胞

5、研究的争论是科学史上最激烈的论战之一。3. 单选题His back injury has（ ）him unfit for work, so he has no alternative but to live on relief payment.问题1选项A.renderedB.devastatedC.reckonedD.hindered【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。render意为“使成为，使变得”；devastate意为“破坏”；reckon意为“测算，估计”；hinder意为“阻碍，妨碍”。句意：他的背伤使他无法工作，因此，他别无选择只能依靠救济金生活。4. 单选题Many in the

6、 business world accept that the success of a commercial venture heavily dependent on the people working within it. People are（1）make a business successful, whether it is the lowest paid employees within the organization or（2）management. Engaged employees are usually happy employees who are more（3）as

7、 they have a natural and genuine interest in the（4）of the organization.Staff becomes engaged because of a number of issues and it is essential that business owners and managers（5）these emotions. However, the first part of ensuring that people are connected with a common goal is to get recruitment（6）

8、. Recruiting should include a number of questions（7）at getting an understanding of a persons motivations and desires. Once recruited, communication is key to ensuring that levels of engagement do not wane. For instance, change is often（8）with workers. However they are far more likely to（9）into chang

9、e when the reasons for it and the potential benefits are clearly laid out.Instilling a sense of pride and passion in a brand, product or ethos is vital in（10）engaged employees. If people enjoy what they do and feel empowered to shape the direction of a company, they are far more likely to produce be

10、tter results and work to the best of their ability.问题1选项A.whoB.howC.thatD.what问题2选项A.seniorB.chiefC.highD.tall问题3选项A.productiveB.effectiveC.validD.available问题4选项A.estatesB.assetsC.fortunesD.possessions问题5选项A.applyB.utilizeC.executeD.hire问题6选项A.wellB.overC.rightD.up问题7选项A.aimedB.focusedC.intendedD.en

11、gaged问题8选项A.addictiveB.unpopularC.satisfyingD.rewarding问题9选项A.shiftB.fallC.buyD.revolve问题10选项A.bearingB.raisingC.feedingD.delivering【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:B【解析】第1题:考查连词。分析句子结构，可知“（ ）make a business successful”为表语从句，从句中缺少主语，排除how与that，再根据句意“人是使企业成功的关键”，因此用what引导表示从句并在句中

12、做主语。第2题:考查上下文语义。or表示并列关系，由前面的the lowest paid employees within the organization（组织内薪酬最低的员工）可知此处对应的是“高级管理层”，因此选A。第3题:考查形容词辨析。productive意为“多产的”；effective意为“有效的”；valid意为“有根据的，有效的”；available意为“可获得的”。此处表示有参与感的员工通常是多产的。第4题:考查名词辨析。estate意为“财产，遗产”；asset意为“资产，财产”；fortune意为“命运”；possession意为“拥有”。此处表示关注组织的命运。第5题

13、:考查动词辨析。apply意为“应用，运用”；utilize意为“利用，使用”；execute意为“执行”；hire意为“聘用”。此处表示企业主和管理者必须利用这些情绪。第6题:考查副词辨析。well意为“相当，大大地”；over意为“穿过，落下”；right意为“合理地，正确地”；up意为“向上，在上面”；get recruitment意为“招聘”，后面的内容提到如何招聘，可推测此处指正确地招聘，因此选C。第7题:考查固定搭配。aim at意为“旨在，目标在于”。此句表示招聘应包括一些问题旨在了解一个人的动机和愿望。第8题:考查上下文语义。be unpopular with意为“不受欢迎”，

14、此处表示改变往往不受员工欢迎。第9题:考查动词辨析。shift意为“改变”；fall意为“落下”；buy意为“购买”；revolve意为“旋转，环绕”。此处表示当明确说明其原因和潜在利益时，他们更有可能发生改变。第10题:考查上下文语义。bear意为“忍受”；raise意为“增加，提高”；feed意为“喂养”；deliver意为“发表，递送”。由后面的produce better results and work to the best of their ability（获得更好的结果，并能最大限度地发挥他们的能力）可推测前面指提高员工的参与度，因此选B。5. 单选题Every year, o

15、ne student in our high school wins scholarship that （ ）one year of college.问题1选项A.improvesB.subsidizesC.obligesD.inflicts【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。improve意为“提高”；subsidize意为“资助，津贴，行贿”；oblige意为“强制，强迫”；inflict意为“造成，遭受”。句意：每年，我们学校都会有一名学生获得奖学金作为大学的津贴。6. 单选题The use of natural gas to generate electricityfar from per

16、fectly clean but less carbon- （ ）than coal usehas jumped 25 percent since 2008.问题1选项A.inclusiveB.extensiveC.intensiveD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。句意：自2008年以来，使用天然气发电远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少已经上涨了25%。7. 单选题Some hard plas

17、tics can be （ ）metals in manufacturing machine parts.问题1选项A.substituted forB.taken the place ofC.replaced inD.given way to【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。substitute for意为“替代，取代”；take the place of意为“代替”，一般指取代某人的位置；replace in意为“以代替”，replace后直接接宾语；give way to意为“向让步，被替代”。句意：在生产机器零件时，一些硬塑料可以取代金属。8. 单选题Crippling health c

18、are bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to hea

19、lth outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medicare patient saw a total of seven doctors -two prima

20、ry care physicians and five specialists-in a given year. Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The k

21、ey is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does. Regardless of quality or outcome, the better hes reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures. A specialists who perfo

22、rms a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements，physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quanti

23、ty to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against

24、 primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the

25、 physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for th

26、ose who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patie

27、nts older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1.The authors chief concern about the current U.S health care system is（ ）.2.We learn from the passage that people tend to believe that（ ）.3.Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursem

28、ents indiscriminately primary care physicians have to（ ）.4.Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5.What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the inadequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the

29、shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the bette

30、r问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The current system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians comma

31、nd less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose prim

32、ary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。通读全文，可知作者提出了美国目前初级护理医师比例的严重失衡，造成这一现象的主要原因是薪酬，以及解决的方法，因此C选项“初级保健资源萎缩”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care.（与人们普遍的看法相反，医生照顾你的次数越多，就不能保证更好的护理）可知人们通常认为医生照顾病人越

33、多，就越好。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第四段和第五段中physicians are faces with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices（医生们别无选择，只能增加数量以增加收入。拒绝妥协质量的初级保健医师要么被逐出行业，要么从事与一些现金相关的行业）可知D选项“以牺牲质量为代价看更多的病人”符

34、合题意。第4题:推理判断题。由文章第六段They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care.（他们看到了费用返还体制是如何严重地弄虚作假，不利于初级护理）可知B选项“现行制度是针对初级护理”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章倒数第三段提出了解决初级护理的一些措施，包括：改革医生返还费用制度；减轻初级保健医生压力；免除选择初级护理作为职业的学生贷款；缩小专科医师与初级护理医师薪水的差异。因此A选项“缩小专家和初级保健医生之间的工资差距”符合题意。9. 单选题You will get to the

35、church more quickly if you take this （ ）across the fields.问题1选项A.trackB.passageC.hedgeD.journey【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。track意为“小路，小道”；passage意为“通道，走廊，段落”；hedge意为“树篱，障碍”；journey意为“旅行，行程”。句意：如果你走小路穿过这片区域，能更快到教堂。10. 单选题There are（ ）periods in animals life when it is capable of learning a great deal in a very sh

36、ort time.问题1选项A.urgentB.violentC.seriousD.critical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。urgent意为“急迫的”；violent意为“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意为“严重的，严肃的”；critical意为“批评的，爱挑剔的”。句意：动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段，那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的东西。11. 单选题Becoming disabled by an accident is one of the most serious（ ）that all drivers face.问题1选项A.shortcomingsB.faultsC.m

37、istakesD.hazards【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。shortcoming意为“短处，缺点”；fault意为“缺点，缺陷”；mistake意为“错误，过失”；hazard意为“危险，危害，事故”。句意：车祸致残是所有司机面临的最大威胁之一。12. 单选题Nanotechnology seems to hold the key that allows construction and building materials to（ ）the features of natural systems improved until perfection during millions of

38、years.问题1选项A.replicateB.copycatC.pirateD.borrow【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。replicate意为“复制，再生”；copycat意为“盲目模仿者”；pirate意为“盗窃”；borrow意为“借用”。句意：纳米技术似乎掌握着关键，使建筑和建筑材料能够复制自然系统的特征，在数百万年中不断改善直到完美。13. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at an

39、y other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will

40、be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as lie used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers

41、 and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friend think we are odd or dull.What cause fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person c

42、an establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example

43、.There is also cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is muc

44、h freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy loo

45、k seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a

46、 sweater and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around, you and youll see that no else does either!1.The author thinks that

47、people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in

48、 old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearanc

49、e in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early

50、 twenties than at any other time in our life.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazi

51、nes and TV定位到文章第二段中Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. 可知时尚杂

52、志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. 可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freer and easier定位到文章第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you lik

53、e or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose

54、our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。14. 单选题Part of the cost of many articles is taken as tax by the government （ ）the community.问题1选项A.in place ofB.on account ofC.in terms ofD.on behalf of【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。in place of意为“代替”；on account of意为“由于”；in term

55、s of意为“依据，按照”；on behalf of意为“代表，为了”。句意：部分物品的费用以税收的形式由政府代表社会征收。15. 单选题Glass （ ）provide a useful function in sectioning off and enclosing an area when the desired effect is to maintain visual transparency.问题1选项A.separationsB.segregationsC.partitionsD.isolations【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。separation意为“分离，分开”；segre

56、gation意为“隔离”；partition意为“划分”；isolation意为“隔离”。句意：玻璃分割提供一个有用的功能，在切断和包围某一区域时，所预期的效果是保持视觉的透明度。16. 单选题Put on dark glasses or the sun will （ ）you and you won t be able to see.问题1选项A.discernB.distortC.dazzleD.distract【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。discern意为“识别，觉察出，看出”；distort意为“歪曲，扭曲”；dazzle意为“使目眩”；distract意为“使分心”。句意：戴上墨

57、镜，否则太阳会让你眼花，你会看不见。17. 单选题Nancy complained about the （ ）air conditioner she bought from the department store.问题1选项A.inefficientB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.defective【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意为“无效果的”；defective意为“有缺陷的”。句意：南希抱怨她从百货公司买这台有缺陷的空调。18. 单选题To （ ）is

58、to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。conserve意为“保护，保藏，保存”；conceive意为“想象，设想”；convert意为“（使）转变”；contrive意为“设计，发明”。句意：保存就是节约与保护，把我们现在享有的好的条件留给其他人来共享。19. 单选题Which o

59、f the following italicized parts is used as an object?问题1选项A.do you think has happened for her?B.do you think the visiting professor is?C.do you think he earns every month?D.would you say he would come?【答案】C【解析】考查句子成分。题干：下面哪个斜体部分被用作宾语？A选项what作主语；B选项who作表语；C选项how much作宾语；D选项how quickly作状语。20. 单选题Britains press is unusual（ ）it is divided into two very different types of newspaper.问题1选项A.in howB.in whatC.in whichD.in that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。空格前面为两个完整的句子，缺少连词连接，in that意为“因为，原因是”，引导原因状语从句。句意：英国的印刷业与众不同，因为它被分成两种不同类型的报纸。