2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解5

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1、2022年考博英语-北京科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Marcia Seligson calls the wedding dress the “key metaphor” in the elaborate effort to make the American wedding an “idealized departure from reality,” and notes that in the early 1970s, at a time when love-ins, live-ins, and hippie weddings were throwing bri

2、ckbats at tradition, 94 percent of American brides still chose to be married in white. The color has long been associated with weddings because of its supposed symbolic link to virginity. Commenting slyly on the tradition, Judith Martin (1982) observes that an engaged couple needs to decide “whether

3、 wearing a white wedding dress will be worth enduring the sneers of people who believe these must be accessorized by intact hymens.”Viewed historically, the link between white and virginity (or, as it is sometimes euphemized, purity) is not as absolute as is often supposed. Brides in ancient Rome ma

4、rried in white, but because the color signified joy; they were veiled in a bright orange veil, or flammeum, that suggested the flames of passion. In the western Catholic tradition, too, white has always been the color of joy, and it remains the iconographically correct hue for such jubilant occasion

5、s as Easter Sunday. Some traditional societies use white to denote the significance of various passage ceremonies, among them funerals as well as weddings. For example, among the Andaman Islanders, said A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, white indicated simply a change of status; and the traditional Chinese whi

6、te for funerals was a symbolic representation of hope.The “traditional” white wedding dress, moreover, is a recent innovation. Barbara Tober explains that its popularity may owe less to the mystique of virginity than to a curious twist of conspicuous display. Most Victorian brides, she says, wore si

7、mply their “best finery” on their wedding day, and many wore traditional ethnic costumes. The white dress was an ostentatiously impractical innovation that became popular among the upper classes precisely because of its defects: “Victorian brides from privileged backgrounds wore white to indicate th

8、at they were rich enough to wear a dress for one day only.” And throughout the first years of this century, brides from somewhat less privileged backgrounds would trot out the white dress on special occasions throughout the first year of their marriage. The custom of locking the treasure away after

9、the weddingso that, like a toasting glass, it could never be used for a lesser purposeis less than a hundred years old.1. According to the passage, wearing a white wedding dress has little to do with（ ）.2. From historical point of view, the white color has been associated with all of the following E

10、XCEPT（ ）.3. It can be inferred from the passage that white dress（ ）.4. Nowadays, after the wedding white dress for brides from ordinary families（ ）.5. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.virginitytB.puritytC.hopetD.traditiont问题2选项A.ceremonies of weddings and funeralstB.flames of passion in n

11、ew couplestC.feelings of joytD.changes of social statust问题3选项A.enjoys general popularitytB.represents traditional styletC.means something that brings people joytD.symbolizes the aristocracy of Victorianst问题4选项A.was worn throughout the first yeartB.was never worn againtC.was worn once in a whiletD.wa

12、s reserved for special purposet问题5选项A.Tradition of White Wedding DresstB.Origin of Wedding DresstC.History of Wedding DresstD.Appeal of White Dress【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章可知，穿白色的婚纱与没有关系”。第一段提到The color has long been associated with weddings because of its supposed symbol

13、ic link to virginity.（这种颜色长期以来一直与婚礼联系在一起，因为它被认为是贞操的象征）可知，白色和童贞纯洁有联系，A项“贞洁”和B项“纯洁”都正确；第二段最后一句提到and the traditional Chinese white for funerals was a symbolic representation of hope.（而传统的中国白色葬礼是希望的象征）可知，白色的婚纱和希望没什么关系，希望是中国传统葬礼上使用白色的含义，所以C项“希望”与白色婚纱没关系；文章第三段讲到了维多利亚时代低层阶级的新娘在结婚那天会穿上白色婚纱，婚礼后会把它像宝物一样锁起来，最后

14、一句提到it could never be used for a lesser purposeis less than a hundred years old（它不能用于其他用途，已经有不到一百年的历史了）可知，穿白色婚纱和传统有关，所以D项“传统”正确。该题只有C项与穿白色的婚纱无关，故该题选择C项。第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“从历史的角度来看，白色一直与以下所有的联系在一起，除了”。根据第二段第四句Some traditional societies use white to denote the significance of various passage ceremonies,

15、among them funerals as well as weddings.（一些传统社会用白色来表示各种仪式的意义，包括葬礼和婚礼）可知，A项“婚礼和葬礼的仪式”与白色有联系；根据第二段第二句they were veiled in a bright orange veil, or flammeum, that suggested the flames of passion（她们戴着一层明亮的橙色面纱，或称火焰，象征着激情的火焰）可知B项“新夫妇的激情之火”和白色没有什么关系；根据Brides in ancient Rome married in white, but because th

16、e color signified joy（古罗马的新娘结婚时穿白色，但因为白色象征着快乐）可知C项“快乐的感觉”与白色有联系；根据among the Andaman Islanders, said A. R. Radcliffe-Brown, white indicated simply a change of status（在安达曼岛民中，白色仅仅表示身份的改变）可知D项“社会地位的变化”也与白色有联系。该题只有B项与白色无关，故该题选择B项。第3题:推理判断题。题干意思是“从短文中可以推断出白色的衣服”。根据文章第二段我们可知在很多地方和场合都会使用白色，因此可以推断白色在很多地方的场合

17、都普遍受到欢迎；所以A项“普遍受欢迎”正确。B项“代表传统风格”、C项“意味着给人们带来快乐的事情”和D项“象征维多利亚时代的贵族”在文中都有明确的指出，不用被推测，所以都不选。因此，该题选择A项正确。第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“如今，普通家庭的新娘穿的白色婚纱在婚后”。根据文章最后一句The custom of locking the treasure away after the weddingso that, like a toasting glass, it could never be used for a lesser purposeis less than a hundred

18、 years old.（婚礼后把宝物锁起来的习俗就像敬酒的杯子一样，它不能用于其他用途有不到一百年的历史了）可知，B项“再也没有穿过”正确；A项“一整年都穿着”、C项“偶尔穿一穿”和D项“为特殊目的保留”都不正确。因此，该题选择B项正确。第5题:主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章最好的标题是”。通过通读文章可知，本文主要讲述人们在各种场合对白色的喜爱，所以D项“白色礼服的吸引力”符合题意。A项“白色婚纱的传统”、B项“婚纱的起源”和C项“结婚礼服的历史”都比较片面，不能概括全文。因此，该题选择D项正确。2. 翻译题One of the unintended consequences of the

19、 flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global inti

20、macy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today the

21、 suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out.【答案】答：世界扁平化的一个意想不到的后果是，它使不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间联系的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化因全球亲密关系突然带来的合作机会而蓬勃发展。另一些文化则因为这种亲密接触而感到沮丧，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一：使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这些都有助于解

22、释为什么出现了当今最具破坏性的力量之一自杀式炸弹袭击者和其他恐怖主义组织，他们不顾人的生命，消灭他们最符合我们的利益。3. 单选题Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to（1）even from the high educational institutions.In the US, according to a 2005 survey by the College Board,（2）at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annua

23、lly, after a year when inflation grew much less. At private schools it was up 5.9 percent. The survey which（3）more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases. It did say that the price of goods and services at universities have risen rapidly. Some

24、of the fastest growth has been in employee health（4）, and professional salaries.Living expenses on campus have also（5）. At the university of Southern California student dining hall, a buffet meal cost $5.50 in 2004. But now its $9. The US government often provides （6）assistance to students lunch in

25、primary and high schools, but these favorable policies usually dont（7）universities.Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants（8）campus. To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses, the federal and state governments（9）universities and pri

26、vate sources have provided（10）for students. Of all the full time undergraduates about 62 percent have a grant covering 30-50 percent of their tuition, according to the College Board.问题1选项A.stay awayB.stand outC.step downD.set off问题2选项A.faresB.paymentC.chargesD.tuition问题3选项A.attendedB.coveredC.includ

27、edD.composed问题4选项A.welfaresB.advantagesC.benefitsD.goods问题5选项A.rolled upB.gone upC.sat upD.taken up问题6选项A.managementB.economicC.policyD.financial问题7选项A.apply toB.suit forC.adjust toD.gear for问题8选项A.inB.toC.offD.over问题9选项A.as well asB.the same asC.as far asD.such as问题10选项A.graspsB.grainsC.groundsD.gr

28、ants【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:D【解析】第1题:考查词组辨析。A项stay away“远离”，B项stand out“站出来，坚持到底”，C项step down“走下，逐步减低”，D项set off“出发，动身”。根据句子Every year, as the price of goods rises, the inflation refuses to（ ）even from the high educational institutions中的from可知，stay away from固定用法，表示“远离”。

29、句意：每年，随着商品价格的上涨，通货膨胀甚至对高等教育机构也产生了影响。故该题选A。第2题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A项fares“票价，车费”，B项payment“支付，付款”，C项charges“费用”，D项tuition“学费”。根据空格后的at state universities rose by an average of 7.1 percent annually（在州立大学，平均每年增长7.1%）可知，空格处表示“学费”。句意：根据美国大学理事会（College Board）2005年的一项调查，美国州立大学的学费平均每年上涨7.1%，而过去一年的通货膨胀幅度要小得多。故该题选D

30、。第3题:考查动词辨析。A项attend“参加”，B项cover“覆盖，包括，涉及”，C项include“包括”，D项compose“构成，写作”。根据句子The survey which（ ）more than 3,000 colleges and universities did not provide clear reasons for the continued increases可知，空格处填入“包括，覆盖”，所以A、D项排除；而include指把某事物包括进另一些大的事物，很明显这里表示的不是包括进来，所以只有B项符合。句意：这项涵盖了3000多所高校的调查并没有给出持续增长的明确

31、原因。故该题选B。第4题:考查名词辨析和上下文语义。A项welfare“福利”，B项advantage“优点”，C项benefit“利益，好处”，D项good“好处，善行”。根据句子Some of the fastest growth has been in employee health（ ）, and professional salaries可知，professional salaries和employee health（ ）都是in的宾语，所以推测空格部分表示为“员工健康福利”。句意：增长最快的是员工健康福利和岗位薪水。故该题选C。第5题:考查词组辨析和上下文语义。A项roll up“

32、卷起，出现”，B项go up“增长，上升”，C项sit up“熬夜，端坐”，D项take up“拿起，开始从事”。上文提到因为通货膨胀的影响，学校的各种费用都有所上涨，根据句子Living expenses on campus have also（ ）可知，空格也是表示“上升，上涨”。句意：学校的生活费用也增长了。故该题选B。第6题:考查词义辨析。A项management“管理”，B项economic“经济的，经济上的”，C项policy“政策，方针”，D项financial“金融的，财政的”。根据句子The US government often provides（ ）assistance

33、to students lunch in primary and high schools可知，空格部分应该表示“学生的午餐资助”。句意：美国政府经常为中小学生提供午餐资助。故该题选D。第7题:考查词组辨析。A项apply to“适用于”，B项suit for“适合做”，C项adjust to“调节，调整以适应”，D项gear for“装备”。上文提到“美国政府经常为中小学生提供午餐资助”，下文接着说到but these favorable policies usually dont（ ）universities可知，这一句表达的是“但是这些优惠政策通常没有提供给大学”。所以该题选A符合句意。

34、第8题:考查句子逻辑。A项in“在里面”，B项to“对于”，C项off“不在，偏离”，D项over“在上面，从上方”。根据句子Some students said the food on campus is sometimes even more expensive than that at restaurants（ ）campus可知，than表示比较，前面提到food on campus（校园里的食物），后面提到restaurants（ ）campus可知，空格处表示“校外”。句意：一些学生说，学校的食物有时甚至比校外餐馆的更贵。故该题选C。第9题:考查词组辨析。A项as well as“

35、和一样，也”，B项the same as“与一致”，C项as far as“至于，直到”，D项such as“比如，诸如”。根据the federal and state governments（ ）universities and private sources可知，federal and state governments（联邦政府和州政府）与universities and private sources（大学和私立院校）是并列成分，所以空格处应该是一个连词性短语表并列，只有A项符合；故该题选A正确。第10题:考查名词辨析。A项grasp“理解，领会”，B项grain“粮食，颗粒”，C项

36、ground“地面，战场，根据”，D项grant“拨款，补助金”。前面提到To compensate the rise in tuition and living expenses（为了补偿学费和生活费的上涨），可知，the federal and state governments as well as universities and private sources have provided（ ）for students一句中的空格部分表达的是“提供补助金”。句意：为了弥补学费和生活费的上涨，联邦政府、州政府、大学和私立院校都为学生提供了助学金。故该题选D正确。4. 单选题The sal

37、e of alcoholic beverages is（ ）to those above 21 in some regions.问题1选项A.confinedB.InhibitedC.obligedD.restricted【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confine“限制”，B项inhibit“禁止”，C项oblige“要求，约束”，oblige to表示“不得不”；D项restrict“限制”，restrict to表示“限制在”。句意：在某些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的人。因此D项正确。5. 单选题Changing the computer system would enta

38、il substantial periods of retraining.问题1选项A.withholdB.extendC.overtakeD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。entail表示“使需要，承担，引起”；A项withhold“保留，隐瞒”，B项extend“延伸，扩大”，C项overtake“改善，压倒”，D项impose“利用，强加”。句意：改变计算机系统将需要大量的再培训时间。根据句意可知，“需要大量的时间”相当于“延长时间”，故该题选择B项正确。6. 单选题“There is a weird power in a spoken word,” Joseph Conr

39、ad once said.问题1选项A.mightyB.prospectiveC.oddD.formidable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。weird表示“奇怪的，不可思议的”；A项mighty“强有力的”，B项prospective“未来的”，C项odd“古怪的”，D项formidable“令人敬畏的”。句意：约瑟夫康纳德（Joseph Conrad）曾经说过：“口头语言拥有神奇的力量。”根据句意可知C项正确。7. 单选题Their claims to damages have not been convincingly（ ）.问题1选项A.refutedB.overwhelmedC.

40、depressedD.intimidated【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A项refute“反驳，驳斥”，B项overwhelm“淹没，压倒”，C项depress“压抑，使沮丧”，D项intimidate“恐吓，威胁”。根据句子意思“他们对损害赔偿的要求还没有被令人信服地（ ）”可知，空格部分填入refute表示“驳倒”最符合句意。句意：他们提出的损害赔偿要求没有被有说服力地驳倒。因此，该题选择A项正确。8. 单选题The ties that bind us together in common activity are so（ ）that they can disappear at any

41、 moment.问题1选项A.trivialB.fatalC.tentativeD.feeble【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的”，B项fatal“致命的，量大的”，C项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”，D项feeble“微弱的，无力的”。根据句子意思“把我们联系在一起从事共同活动的纽带是如此的（ ）以至于它们随时都可能消失”，把四个选项分别代入，只有feeble最符合句子意思。句意：把我们联系在一起从事共同活动的纽带是如此微弱，它们随时可能消失。因此，该题选择D项正确。9. 翻译题Apart from flights, telephones and

42、 television, one of the most significant ways in which life in the twentieth century differs from antiquity is the pervasive presence of clocks. Our lives are scheduled around specific times and intervals in a fashion that would have been impossible in ancient Rome.When and how did this profound cha

43、nge come about? Did monasteries acquire the first clocks and then, in league with an emerging merchant class, enforce their own rigid time standards on the surrounding populace? This viewthe accepted interpretation for at least 50 yearis carefully dissected and challenged in Dohrn-van Rossums revisi

44、onist account.【答案】除了飞机、电话和电视之外，二十世纪的生活与古代最重要的不同之处之一就是时钟的普遍使用。我们习惯于将生活细分到具体的时间点和事件单，这在古罗马是不可能出现的。这种深刻的变化是何时以及如何发生的？是修道院在获得了第一个时钟之后，联合新兴的商人阶级把他们严格的时间观念强加给普通大众的吗？在至少50年的时间里，这种观点被大众所认可并受到了Dohrn-van Rossum的修正主义的仔细分析和挑战。10. 单选题Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind their man

45、ners.问题1选项A.observe tB.memorize tC.comment tD.request【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。comply with表示“照做，遵守”；A项observe“观察，遵守”，B项memorize“记住，背熟”，C项comment“发表评论，发表意见”，D项request“要求，请求”。句意：读者应遵守图书馆的各项规定，注意自己的行为举止。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。11. 单选题The most important（ ）for assessment in this contest is originality of design.问题1选项A.thr

46、esholdB.partitionC.warrantD.criterion【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项threshold“入口，门槛”，B项partition“划分，分开”，C项warrant“根据，证明”，D项criterion“标准，准则”。根据关键词assessment in this contest（本次大赛评比）可推测，空格部分表示“评定标准”。句意：本次竞赛最重要的考核标准是设计的原创性。因此，该题选择D项正确。12. 单选题Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-lovin

47、g people worldwide.问题1选项A.announcedB.forgivenC.condemnedD.despised【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。denounce表示“谴责，公然抨击”；A项announce“宣布”，B项forgive“原谅”，C项condemn“谴责，判刑”，D项despise“轻视，鄙视”。句意：任何形式的恐怖主义活动都应受到全世界爱好和平的人民的谴责。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。13. 单选题What goes on in the mind of a one-year-old child is anyones guess.问题1选项A.unknown

48、B.what anybody can guess?C.known to allD.nothing new【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。anyones guess表示“任何人的猜测”；A项unknown“不知道的”，B项what anybody can guess?“大家能猜出什么？”，C项known to all“人尽皆知”，D项nothing new“屡见不鲜，了无新意”。句意：谁都不知道一个一岁的孩子在想什么。根据句意可知，anyones guess在句子中表示“谁也不知道”；故该题选择A项正确。14. 单选题In those days, executives expected to s

49、pend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for（ ）, to retire at the age of 65.问题1选项A.denialB.deductionC.integrityD.incompetence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A项denial“否认，拒绝”，B项deduction“扣除，减除”，C项integrity“完整，正直”，D项incompetence“无资格，无能力”。根据句中的关键词dismissed（被解雇）可知，只有D项可以成为被解雇的理由。句意：在那些日子

50、里，高管们希望在同一家公司度过他们的大部分生命，除非他们因为不称职而被解雇，否则他们将在65岁退休。因此，该题选择D项正确。15. 单选题The stronger the motivation, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.问题1选项A.superstitionB.worshipC.purposeD.desire【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。motivation表示“动机，推动”；A项superstition“迷信”，B项worship“崇拜，尊敬”，C项purpose“目的”，D项desire“欲望”。句意

51、：一个人学习外语的动机越强，就会学得越快。根据句意可知，只有D项意思与之相近，故该题选择D项正确。16. 单选题Harvard Universitys under-graduate education is being reformed so that it includes some time spent outside the US and more science courses, the US Cable News Network (CNN) has reported. For the first time in 30 years, Harvard is（1）its under-gra

52、duate curriculum. William Kirby, dean of the faculty of arts and sciences, said this（2）what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encourage premature specialization.“Harvard needs to（3）its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary re

53、search, and science in general are ever more important,” said Kirby.Particularly（4）is the idea that students need to spend time overseas, either in a traditional study-abroad program or over a summer, perhaps doing an internship or research.Students can either find the program themselves or（5）some e

54、xchange programs offered by the university.“（6）studying Chinese history without leaving the university, students interested in the subject should be spending a semester at a university in China.”It was also recommended that Harvard（7）its required “core curriculum”. The core curriculum was an effort

55、created in 1978 to broaden education by requiring students to choose from a list of courses in several areas of study. Classes often focused on a highly（8）topic and emphasized “ways of knowing”.Under a new plan, the curriculum would be replaced with a set of（9）“Harvard College Courses”, emphasizing

56、knowledge over methodology and（10）wider territory. A life sciences course, for example, might combine molecular and evolutionary biology and psychology, rather than focusing on one of those, said Benedict Gross, Harvard College dean.问题1选项A.inspectingB.reviewingC.searchingD.underlying问题2选项A.in accord

57、ance withB.in line withC.in charge ofD.in response to问题3选项A.updateB.upholdC.upsetD.upward问题4选项A.trust-worthyB.note-worthyC.praise-worthyD.reward-worthy问题5选项A.turn outB.turn inC.turn toD.turn over问题6选项A.In spite ofB.As ifC.Let aloneD.Rather than问题7选项A.perishB.destroyC.abolishD.denounce问题8选项A.appropri

58、ateB.imaginativeC.specialD.specific问题9选项A.opticalB.optionalC.oppositeD.optimistic问题10选项A.sparingB.spiralingC.spanningD.sparkling【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:C【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A项inspect“检查，视察”，B项review“回顾，复审”，C项search“搜索，搜寻”，D项underlying“放在的下面，为的基础”。根据句子Harvard is（ ）its under-g

59、raduate curriculum（哈佛大学它的本科课程）推测，空格部分应该表示“审视”。句意：哈佛大学正在审查其本科课程。故该题选B项正确。第2题:考查词组辨析。A项in accordance with“依照，与一致”，B项in line with“符合，与一致”，C项in charge of“负责，主管”，D项in response to“响应，回答”。上文提到哈佛大学会审查本科课程，根据句子this（ ）what many people had said that Harvards curriculum did not provide enough choice and encoura

60、ge premature specialization.（这许多人说哈佛的课程没有提供足够的选择，并鼓励过早的专业化）可推测，空格部分应该表示“回应”。句意：这是对许多人说哈佛的课程没有提供足够的选择，并鼓励过早的专业化的回应。故该题选D项正确。第3题:考查动词辨析。A项update“更新”，B项uphold“支持，支撑”，C项upset“使心烦，扰乱”，D项upward“向上”。根据句子Harvard needs to（ ）its education for a world where global connections, cross disciplinary research, and

61、science in general are ever more important（哈佛需要它的教育，在这个世界上，全球联系、跨学科研究和一般科学越来越重要）可推测，空格部分的意思应该是“更新”。句意：哈佛需要更新它的教育，以适应一个全球联系、跨学科研究和一般科学越来越重要的世界。故该题选A项正确。第4题:考查形容词辨析。A项trust-worthy“可靠的，可信赖的”，B项note-worthy“值得注意的”，C项praise-worthy“值得称赞的，可嘉的”，D项reward-worthy“值得回报的”。根据句子Particularly（ ）is the idea that stude

62、nts need to spend time overseas（特别的是，学生需要在海外度过一段时间）可知，这是一个倒装的系表结构的句子，空格处需要填入一个形容词来修饰idea，四个选项中B项最符合语境。句意：尤其值得注意的是，学生需要在海外度过一段时间。故该题选B项正确。第5题:考查词组辨析。A项turn out“结果是”，B项turn in“交上，归还”，C项turn to“转向，变成，求助于”，D项turn over“移交给，反复考虑”。根据句子Students can either find the program themselves or（ ）some exchange programs offered by the university.（学生们可以自己找到这个项目，也可以