2022-2023年考博英语-云南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第16期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-云南大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following into English.1.脍炙人口的传统京剧白蛇传讲的是传自明朝的故事。在白剧中，蛇被赋予了崇高的人性。2.我可以一个人长时间地独处而感到愉快。独享欢乐是一种愉快，独享忧伤也是一种愉快。3.他们发现很难接受这个事实：由于父亲的失业，他们必须省掉很多奢侈品。4.明亮的色彩和大胆的笔触成为他早期绘画的特征。这吸引了很多年轻人。5.为了接待每年数以万计的外国游客，我国旅游部门正在想方设法改善旅游住宿设施和餐饮服务。【答案】1.The popular t

2、raditional Peking Opera, The Legend of the White Snake, tells a story from the Ming Dynasty. In the Story of the White Snake, the snake is endowed with noble humanity.2.I can enjoy being alone for a long time. To enjoy happiness alone is a pleasure, and to enjoy sorrow alone is a pleasure.3.They fou

3、nd it hard to accept the fact that they had to give up many of their luxuries because of their fathers unemployment.4.Bright colors and bold strokes characterized his early paintings. This attracts many young people.5. Chinas tourism authorities are looking for ways to improve accommodation and cate

4、ring services for the tens of thousands of foreign tourists who visit the country each year.2. 单选题Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association（ ）that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.问题1选项A.preservesB.safeguardsC.maintainsD.conserves【答案】C【解析】考查

5、动词辨析。A选项preserve“保护、保存”；B选项safeguard“保护、保卫”；C选项maintain“维护、维持”；D选项conserve“保存、保护”，句意为：考虑到法官们阐述的其他宪法依据，协会坚持认为，如果学校选择继续进行考试的话，他们应该继续进行考试。因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence. Without the v

6、ast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly t

7、ake advantage of the amenities provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the vaccines created by doc

8、tors, diseases such as polio, measles, hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to our citizens, for although some of these diseases may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition, science has developed perhaps the most awe-insp

9、iring vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientism and their revelations, it is requisite to

10、 examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution

11、of scientists, our world is ever metamorphosing, and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprises our society, whether our society is cognizant of this or not.1.In the first paragraph the author implies that we（ ）.2.The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate（ ）.3.Nothing, acc

12、ording to the author, can match the invention of the computer in term of（ ）.4.The author seems to be unhappy about（ ）.5.The authors tone in the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.would not survive without scienceB.take the amenities of science for grantedC.could have raised the standards of living with scienceD.w

13、ould be free of disease because of scientific with advances问题2选项A.how science has been developedB.what science means to societyC.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society问题3选项A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsD.complexity问题4选项A.peoples ignorance of their cultureB.peoples ignoring the amenit

14、ies of scienceC.peoples making no contributions to societyD.peoples misunderstanding of scientific advance问题5选项A.criticalB.cognizantC.appreciativeD.paradoxical【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段“Without the vast advances made by chemists, physicists, biologists, geologists and ot

15、her diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from diseases that could not be cured”, 如果没有化学家、物理学家、生物学家、地质学家和其他勤奋的科学家所取得的巨大进步，我们的生活水平就会下降，我们繁荣富强的国家就会陷入经济萧条，我们的人民就会患上无法治愈的疾病。由此可知，科技对我们的生

16、活是十分重要的。因此A选项符合题意。2.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段“Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively on scientific discoveries and advances”, 医疗保健是我们社会的一个方面，它把我们和我们的古老祖先分开，它完全建立在科学发现和进步的基础上。由此可知，医疗保健和疫苗是科技发展的一个见证。因此A选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“With

17、out the presence of this machine our world could exist, but the conveniences brought into life by the computer are unparalleled”, 没有这台机器，我们的世界可能存在，但电脑带来的便利是无与伦比的。由此可知，电脑是一项伟大的发明，它所带来的便利和益处是其他发明难以企及的。因此C选项符合题意。4.作者意图题。由题干关键词定位到文章第四段“it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture

18、 so blatantly disregards. For instance, the light bulb, electricity, the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples of our society, however, they were not present until scientists discovered them”, 但我们有必要检查我们的文化如此公然的忽视科学的便利设施。例如，电灯泡、电、电话、自来水和汽车是我们当今社会的必需品，然而，它们直到科学家发现后才出现。由

19、此可知作者对于便利设施的忽视是持不满态度的。因此B选项符合题意。5.作者意图题。作者从最开始的科技对人类生活的重要性，到医疗保健和疫苗对人类健康的保证，以及计算机和科技设施的影响，都是积极赞赏的语气，因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题Over-working of the land in some countries has led to soil（ ）of nutrients, which, in turn, will lead to barren land.问题1选项A.repletedB.grievedC.depletedD.deplored【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。Replete

20、 “充满的，装满的”，没有单词repleted；grieved “伤心的”；depleted “耗尽的，废弃的”；deplored为动词的过去式，根据句子结构，可知此处应填入形容词作后置定语，修饰soil。句意：在一些国家，土地的过度耕作已经导致土壤耗尽营养物，这反过来又会导致土地贫瘠。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题He always included something above the understanding of his hearers in order to prevent them from becoming（ ）and to stimulate their desire to

21、learn more.问题1选项A.pessimisticB.complacentC.perplexedD.complicated【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。pessimistic “悲观的”；complacent “自满的；得意的”；perplexed “困惑的”；complicated “难懂的”。句意：他总是在听众理解力之外加上一些东西，来防止他们变得自满，并且激发他们学习更多东西。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题My heart（ ）when I heard that I had been eliminated during the first round interview.问

22、题1选项A.droppedB.fellC.plungedD.sank【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项drop“下降”，表示从高处往下掉；B选项fall“落下、下垂”，通常指，在重力的作用下落下，或者失去平衡而跌落；C选项plunge“突然的下落”；D选项sink“下沉、消沉”，句意为：当我听说自己在第一轮面试中被淘汰时，我的心沉了下来。因此选项D符合题意。7. 翻译题Read the following passage and then translate the underlined parts into Chinese.Stories about the problems of to

23、urism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem.Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures as has happened with the Sperpas of Nepals Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine vi

24、llages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy.

25、Local concern about the rising number of second home development in the Swiss Pays dEnhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outs

26、ide visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue local

27、ly. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar st

28、rategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewelry.Too many pe

29、ople living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because peoples desire to see new places will not just disappear.Instead, c

30、ommunities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critic

31、al question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception .【答案】在过去的几年里，有关旅游业问题的报道层出不穷。然而，这并不一定是一个问题。在瑞士阿尔卑斯地区的社区已经明确，他们的未来取决于更有效地将旅游业与当地经济结合起来。该地区的公共奶酪生产也出现了复兴，为当地人提供了不依赖外来游客的可靠收入来源。仅仅限制旅游业不能解决这种不平衡，因为人们对新地方观光的渴望不会消失。现在问题的关键是，这能否成为常态，而不是例外。8. 单选题The authorities claim that the ra

32、te of crime is declining, but statistics show（ ）.问题1选项A.clockwiseB.otherwiseC.elsewhereD.likewise【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项clockwise“顺时针方向的”；B选项otherwise“否则、其他方面的”；C选项elsewhere“在别处”；D选项likewise“同样的、也”，句意为：当局声称犯罪率正在下降，但统计数据却显示出相反的情况。选项B符合题意。9. 翻译题Read the following Paragraph carefully and then translate it

33、into Chinese.The period of adolescence, i.e.，the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time

34、, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore，the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may chan

35、ge in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the 19th century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.【答案】青春期，即从童年到成年之间的这段时期，可能很长，也可能很短，

36、这取决于社会的期望和社会对什么是成熟和成年的定义。在原始社会，青春期往往是相对较短的一段时间，而在人们受教育时间较长的工业社会，再加上反对童工的法律，青春期的时间要长得多，可能包括人生第二个十年的大部分时间。此外，随着社会和经济条件的变化，在特定社会中，青春期的长度和成年身份的定义可能会发生变化。这类变化的例子如：19世纪后半叶美国边疆的消失，更普遍的是农业社会的工业化。10. 单选题The magician picked out several people（ ）from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance

37、.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on occasionC.at randomD.on average【答案】C【解析】考查固定结构。by accident“意外的”；on occasion“有时”；at random“胡乱的、随便的”；on average“平均的”。本句意为“魔术师随意的从观众中挑选一些人帮助他表演”，at random符合句意，因此选C。11. 单选题The technique provides more detailed information about subtle differences in gene activity（ ）with cancer-cau

38、sing pathways.问题1选项A.coupledB.stainedC.associatedD.integrated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项couple“连接、成对”；B选项stain“玷污、弄脏的”；C选项associate“联想、联系”；D选项integrate“使结合、使完整”，句意为：这项技术提供了更多有关于基因活性与致癌途径细微差异的详细信息。be associated with“与有关，与有关系”，因此选项C正确。12. 单选题Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives

39、and what they see on TV.The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round criminal law, he has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply

40、it on his feet, in the dark and rain, running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in chatting. He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, unimportant people who are guilty of stupid, petty crime

41、s.Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal: as soon as hes arrested, the story is over. In real life, finding criminals is seldom much of a problem. Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks little effort is spent on searching.Having made an arrest, a detective

42、 really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in a

43、ccordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get results. They can hardly ever do both. Most of the time, some of them have to break the rules in small ways.If the detective has to detect the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the tru

44、th. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness as he sees it of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make

45、 them reform. The result, detectives feel, is that nine-tenths of their work is re-catching people who should have stayed behind bars.This makes them rather cynical.1.A policeman has to be trained in criminal law because（ ）.2.What is the most suitable word that describes the work of a policeman acco

46、rding to the passage?3.According to the passage, policemen spend most of their time and efforts（ ）.4.Whats the policemans biggest headache?5.Why do policemen feel separated from the rest of the world?问题1选项A.he must work hard to help reform criminalsB.he must behave as professional lawyers doC.he mus

47、t be able to tell when and where a crime is committedD.he must justify the arrests he makes of criminals问题2选项A.DangerousB.DemandingC.DistressingD.Dramatic问题3选项A.patrolling the street, rain or shineB.tracking and arresting criminalsC.collecting and providing evidenceD.consulting the rules of law问题4选项

48、A.He has to get the most desirable results without breaking the law in any way.B.He has to justify his arrests while unable to provide sufficient evidence in most cases.C.He can hardly find enough time to learn criminal law while burdened with numerous criminal casesD.He has to provide the best poss

49、ible public service at the least possible expense问题5选项A.Because they do not receive due support from society.B.Because they find people insincere with them.C.Because they feel superior to simple-minded people around them.D.Because they are suspicious of the people around them.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:

50、A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“The first difference is that a policemans real life revolves round criminal law, he has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.”，可知第一个区别是警察的现实生活是围绕着刑法的，他必须知道什么行为是犯罪，什么证据可以在法庭上证明他们所逮捕的人确实有犯罪行为。可判断出警察必须接受刑法方面的训练的原因在于要能证明他

51、所逮捕的人是罪犯。选项D符合题意。2.判断推理题。根据文章中对警察的相关描述，“a policemans real life revolves round criminal lawhe often has to gather a lot of different evidencethe real one is the unpleasant pressures”，可知警察需要懂法律，需要在逮捕过程中收集证据，需要承受不快的压力等等，可判断出最能描述警察这个职业的词为demanding “要求高的”，选项B符合题意。3.判断推理题。根据文章第四段， “In real life, finding c

52、riminals is seldom much of a problem.”，可知在现实生活中，找到罪犯在很多情况下并不是什么大问题。又根据第五段， “Having made an arrest, a detective really starts to work. He has to prove his case in court and to do that he often has to gather a lot of different evidence.”，可知逮捕之后，才真正开始侦探的工作了。他必须在法庭上证明自己的观点，为此他经常需要收集很多不同的证据。可判断出警察需要把大量的时

53、间和精力花在寻找和收集证据上。选项C符合题意。4.判断推理题。根据文章第六段， “At third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures: first, as members of a police force they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law. Secondly, as expensive public servants they have to get res

54、ults.”，可知第三个最大的区别就是不快的压力，首先，他们总是必须绝对依法行事。其次，作为公务员，他们必须取得成效。可判断出警察必须在不违反任何法律的情况下达到最理想的结果。选项A符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“If the detective has to detect the world, the world often deceives him. Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest o

55、f the world is deepened by the simple-mindednessinstead of eliminating crime, punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.”，可知如果侦探要侦破这个世界，世界往往会欺骗他。他遇到的任何人几乎没有一个告诉他真相。侦探会感到自己与外界的这种隔阂加深了。在警察想要消除犯罪的时候，而其他人可能希望给罪犯改过自新的机会而对其从轻处罚。可判断出警察与世界隔离的原因在于他们没有得到人们应有的支持。选项A符合题意。13.

56、 单选题Since teacher behavior is（ ）for public display, teachers must be cautious in their personal lives.问题1选项A.held upB.used upC.kept upD.dressed up【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项hold up“举起”；B选项use up“用完”；C选项keep up“保持、处于”；D选项dress up“打扮、穿戴整齐”，句意：由于教师的行为是公开展示的，教师在个人生活中必须谨慎。hold up“举起”符合题意，因此选项A正确。14. 写作题Direction

57、s: Choose one of the two topics to develop an essay of about 300 words.1.Chinas Opportunities and Challenges with the Coming of Globalization.2.Some people believe that the Earth is being damaged by human, activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your

58、 opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.【答案】略15. 翻译题1.When you are in the business of sending spacecraft to other planets, it is probably wise to do everything you can to keep your space-probes sterile (无菌的). NASA, Americas space agency, certainly does so. After all, you w

59、ould not want hugs from one planet to contaminate another where they might possibly thrive.But according to Curt Mileikowsky, of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, this may already have happened naturally billions of years ago when the solar system was young. For Dr Mileikowsky has take

60、n a century-old idea called panspermia (有生源说), and shown that it is plausible.2.Panspermia is the theory that life does not start independently on each planet that has it (assuming that other planets do). Rather, it hops from place to place, “infecting” new worlds as it goes. Supported by experts in

61、 biology, geology and celestial mechanics, Dr Mileikowsky argued to the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta that this is not as outlandish as it sounds.3.Bungling space organizations apart, the only mode of travel open to microbes seems to be meteorites. Most of these are small bits of

62、junk from the asteroid (小行星) belt that have gone off course. But some are rocks that have been flung into space from the surfaces of planets as a result of those planets having been struck by even larger bits of rockdecentsized asteroids or comets.4.If there is life on such a planet, microscopic for

63、ms of it will probably live deep inside rocks, as they do on earth. The acceleration of lift-off would not kill something that size.5.If a rock is large enough, the heat generated as it is thrown clear will be negligible except at its surfacewhere, if anything, melting may even produce an airtight skin to protect any microbes deeper down from the unpleasant vacuum of space.【答案】1.当我们发射宇宙飞船到其他星球时，尽可能使太空探测器保持无菌状态是明智的。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)肯定是这样做。毕竟，我们不会希望一个星球的污染波及另一个它们可能繁衍的地方。但根据斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院的库特米里科夫斯基的说法，这可能在几十亿年前太阳系统还很年轻的时候就已经自然