2022-2023年考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第42期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-浙江大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Immigrants of all races in this area are demanding that they receive ( ) treatment from the authorities.问题1选项A.uniqueB.unitedC.uniformD.universal【答案】C【解析】句意：这个地区所有种族的移民都要求得到当局的统一对待。unique独一无二的；united团结的，统一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Everyone e

2、xperiences fear during major crisis such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their per

3、sonal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cru

4、el jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust

5、in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can b

6、e the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharg

7、e the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the

8、 process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（ ）.2.What is the positive purpose of peoples telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means（ ）4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?5.According to the concluding pa

9、ragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering ones fears?问题1选项A.to make someone become the object of jokesB.to force someone to enjoy jokesC.to entitle someone to tell jokesD.to offend someone by jokes问题2选项A.To show ones sense of humor.B.To control ones own fears.C.To disguise th

10、eir anxiety.D.To attack others.问题3选项A.to be familiar with tensionB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessD.to be good at the subject of anxiety问题4选项A.The fear of heights.B.Early childhood experience.C.The general sense of security.D.A feeling of no control.问题5选

11、项A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.B.To repress the rising feeling of fear.C.To admit the feeling of fears.D.To control ones feelings.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Other

12、s become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. ”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以the butt of jokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety

13、.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.”可知选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕

14、是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。3. 单选题I feel quite confident in（ ）Mr. Jackson to you for the vacant post of research assistant.问题1选项A.submittingB.proclaimingC.recallingD.recommending【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，赞扬；recalling回顾，回想；recommending推荐，举荐。根据句意：我很有信心向您推荐杰克逊先生担任研究助理。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Formul

15、ated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine （ ） that the Americans were no longer open to European colonization.问题1选项A.entrustedB.assertedC.appreciatedD.reckoned【答案】B【解析】entrust委托；assert主张，声称；appreciate欣赏，感激，领会；reckon测算，估计，认为。句意：制定于1823年的门罗主义宣称美国人不再对欧洲殖民开放。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题The most（ ）students do additional readi

16、ng to supplement the material in the textbook.问题1选项A.giftedB.sensitiveC.proficientD.diligent【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。gifted有天赋的； sensitive敏感的；proficient熟练的；diligent勤勉的，用功的。句意：最勤奋的学生通常会做课外阅读来补充教材中的内容。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Why does a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （ ） ?问题1选项A.

17、ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】近义词辨析。ingredients材料，成分； elements基础，原理，元素； components（机器的）组件, 部件；compounds （化学类的）合成物。句意：为什么素食餐厅的菜肴除了配料外其他各方面都像肉？选项A符合句意。7. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come for

18、C.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；come over过来。句意：官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict some phenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or ( ) about

19、the relation between two or more variables.问题1选项A.hypothesisB.conceptionC.ideaD.meaning【答案】A【解析】hypothesis假设；conception概念，设想；idea想法，主意；meaning意义，意图。句意：理论是一套有组织的原理，用来解释和预测一些现象。好的理论也提供了具体的可测试的预测，或者关于两个或两个以上变量之间关系的假设。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Mr. Smith asked his secretary to（ ） a new paragraph in the annual report

20、 she was typing.问题1选项A.invadeB.installC.insertD.inject【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。 invade侵入；install安装；insert 插入, 镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr. Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。10. 单选题Whoever has skills and knowledge in this country, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded（ ） his educational background and fam

21、ily origin.问题1选项A.despite ofB.regardless ofC.let aloneD.because of【答案】B【解析】despite of尽管；regardless of不管，不顾； let alone更不用说，听任；because of因为，由于。句意：我认为，在这个国家无论谁拥有技术和知识，无论他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都应该得到适当的对待和奖励。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English（ ）

22、 young audiences who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.问题1选项A.in memory ofB.at the cost ofC.on behalf ofD.for the benefit of【答案】D【解析】in memory of纪念；at the cost of以为代价；on behalf of代表，为了；for the benefit of为了的利益。句意：英国一位著名学者提议将莎士比亚的作品翻译成现代英语，以造福那些被过时了400年的笑话弄糊涂的年轻观众。选项D符合句意。12. 单选题Th

23、ere are a variety of ways to think about the self. Two of the most widely used terms are self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept generally refers to the totality of a complex, organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs, attitudes and opinions that people hold about themselves, while self-es

24、teem generally refers to how we feel about or how we value ourselves. There is a great deal of research which shows that the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior. It is the self-concept that gives rise to possible selves, and it is possible selves that create the motivation

25、 for behavior. Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated self-concept. When people know themselves, they can maximize outcomes because they know that what they can and cannot do. It would see, then, that one way to impact self-esteem

26、is to obey the somewhat outworn cline of “Know theyself.”There are several different components of self-concept: physical, academic, social and transpersonal. The physical aspect of self-concept relates to that which is concrete: what we look like, our sex, height, weight, and what kind of clothes w

27、e wear. Our academic self-concept relates to how well we do in school or how well we learn. The social self-concept describes how we relate to other people and the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level.Though self-refle

28、ction, people often come to view themselves in a new, more powerful way, and it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves. We develop and maintain our self-concept by taking action and then reflecting on what we have done and what others tell us

29、about what we have done. We reflect in comparison to our expectations and the exceptions of others and to the characteristics and accomplishments of others. Self-concept, thus is not innate, but is developed by the individual through interaction with the environment and reflecting on that interactio

30、n. This dynamic aspect of self-concept is important because it indicates that it can be modified or changed.1.It can be inferred from the text that（）.2.The authors attitude towards the ideas of “know themselves” is（）.3.One can conclude from the text that by developing good self-esteem people can（）.4

31、.Which of the following would be identified as transpersonal self- concept?5.The most appropriate title for the text would be（）.问题1选项A.the author believes most behavior is learned, not innateB.the author doesnt believe that ones self-concept can changeC.self-concept and self-esteem are often mistake

32、n for each otherD.the author has doubts about the idea that self-concepts is the basis for behavior问题2选项A.criticalB.positiveC.neutralD.mixed问题3选项A.improve their interactions immenselyB.begin improving their behaviorC.begin to develop a clear self-conceptD.correct deficiencies in their character问题4选项

33、A.Our concept of how interested and well we study supernatural topics.B.Our knowledge of our strange intuition about peoples feelings.C.Our understanding of how we relate to a god we believe in.D.Our understanding of our relationship with other people.问题5选项A.The Characteristics of Self- ConceptB.The

34、 Changeability of Self-ConceptC.Self-Concept and Self-EsteemD.New Research on Self-Concepts【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据原文第一段中说到the self-concept is, perhaps, the basis for all motivated behavior.（自我概念也许是所有动机行为的基础），最后一段，作者再提到Self-concept, thus is not innate（因此，自我概念不是天生的），由此可知，大多数的行为都是习得的，

35、并非与生俱来。因此A选项正确。2.根据最后一段的第一句“.it is through this new, more power way of viewing the self that people can develop possible selves.”可知，作者认为，只有了解了自己，人们才能发展出潜在的自我。所以作者对此的态度是正面的，积极的。选项B正确。3.根据第一段“Self-concept is related to self-esteem in that people who have good self-esteem have a clear differentiated se

36、lf-concept.”可知，选项C正确。4.根据第二段的最后一句“the transpersonal self-concept describes how we relate to other supernatural or unknown on an emotional or spiritual level.”超个人自我概念描述了我们如何在情感或精神层面与其他超自然或未知的事物相处。选项C符合原文。5.根据原文可知，本文主要是讲自我概念的特征。选项A更符合要求。其他三个选项都只是文中的一部分。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:13. 单选题A friendship may be（ ）, ca

37、sual, situational or deep and lasting.问题1选项A.identicalB.superficialC.criticalD.original【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。identical同一的，完全相同的；superficial表面的，肤浅的；critical批判的，爱挑剔的；original原始的，最初的。句意：友谊可以是 、随意的、情境性的，也可以是深刻而持久的。根据句意可知填空处的词应与deep 和 lasting 意义相反，且与 casual 和 situational 意义相似，选项B符合语境。14. 单选题The local people w

38、ere joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer（ ）according to the weather.问题1选项A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified【答案】C【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变； fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题All parts of this sewing machine are（ ）so that

39、it is very simple to get replacements for them.问题1选项A.maximizedB.minimizedC.optimizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。maximized最大化的；minimized最小化的；optimized最优化的；standardized标准化的。句意：这台缝纫机的所有部件都是标准化的，所以更换起来很方便。故答案为D。16. 单选题One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been

40、（ ） with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embracedB.alternatedC.adjustedD.integrated【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。embraced包含；alternated交替，轮流；adjusted调整；integrated整合，使成为整体。句意：这门课程吸引人的一个特点是：实践工作与该学科理论方面相结合。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题While Apple was coming under increasing pressure from lower cost PC clones, the co

41、mpanys initial response was to develop even more ( ) high-end computers.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.luxuriousC.philosophicalD.sensitive【答案】A【解析】sophisticated复杂的，精致的；luxurious奢侈的，丰富的；philosophical哲学的；sensitive敏感的。句意：尽管苹果正面临来自低成本电脑复制品的越来越大压力，但该公司最初的反应是开发更复杂的高端电脑。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题The company is on the verge of

42、 bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at（ ）.问题1选项A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。at loss困惑不解；at stake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题Tattoos didnt spring up with the dawn of biker gangs and rock “n” roll bands. Theyve been around for a long time and had many d

43、ifferent meanings over the course of history.For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies. Then, in 1991, a mummy was discovered, dating back to the Bronze Age of about 3, 300 B. C. “The Iceman”, as the specimen was dubbed, had several markin

44、gs on his body, including a cross on the inside of his knee and lines on his ankle and back. It is believed these tattoos were made in a curative effort.Being so advance, the Egyptians reportedly spread the practice of tattooing throughout the world. The pyramid-building third and fourth dynasties o

45、f Egypt developed international nations with Crete Greece, Persia and Arabia. The art tattooing stretched out all the way to Southeast Asia by 2, 000 B. C. Around the same time, the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones. The Japanese

46、 tattoo artists were the undisputed masters. Their use of colors, perspective, and imaginative designs gave the practice a whole new angle. During the first millennium A. D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers.In the Balkans, the Thracians had

47、 a different use for the craft. Aristocrats, according to Herodotus, used it to show the world their social status. Although early Europeans dabbled with tattooing, they truly rediscovered the art from when the world exploration of the post-Renaissance made them seek out new cultures. It was their m

48、eeting with Polynesian that introduced them to tattooing. The word, in fact is derived from the Polynesian word tattau, which means “to mark”.Most of the early uses of tattoos were ornamental. However, a number of civilizations had practical applications for this craft. The Goths, a tribe of Germani

49、c barbarians famous for pillaging Roman settlements, used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals.In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the persons life. Reaching adulthood, boys got one tattoo to commemorate the event. Men were marked

50、with another style when they got married.Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotting sailors. Whenever they would reach an exotic locale, they would get a new tattoo to mark the occasion. A dragon was a famous style that meant the sailor had reached a “China station”. At first, sa

51、ilors would spend their free time on the ship tattooing themselves and their mates. Soon after, tattoo parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide.In the middle of the 19th century, police officials believed that half of the criminal underworld in New York City had tattoos. Port are

52、as were renowned for being rough places full of sailors that were guilty of some crime or another. This is most likely how tattoos got such a bad reputation and became associated with rebels and delinquents.1.According to the passage, tattoos were adopted for all of the following purposes EXCEPT（ ）.

53、2.Tattoo was believed to be created（）.3.In Japan, tattoos were accepted as（ ）.4.Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?5.Why did tattoos become associated with rebels and delinquents in New York?问题1选项A.to treat the diseaseB.to challenge social moresC.to record the footprin

54、ts of ones lifeD.to adorn oneself问题2选项A.together with biker gangs and rock n roll bandsB.in 1991 when a mummy was discoveredC.firstly in Southeast Asia by 2, 000 B . C.D.by Egyptians and Nubians问题3选项A.a means of ornamentB.a symbol of magical powerC.a way of communicationD.a sign of success问题4选项A.Bot

55、h China and Japan confined tattooing to marking criminals.B.Romans used tattoos for decoration.C.Sailors took tattoos as the gift for their friends and relatives.D.Tattoo parlors were usually found in downtown areas.问题5选项A.Because in the middle of the 19th century, criminals were usually tattooed by

56、 the government.B.Because sailors had tattoos and some of the sailors were guilty of some crime or another.C.Because tattoos were the marks for the members of certain organizations.D.Because Port authorities required the sailors to wear tattoos.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“It is bel

57、ieved these tattoos were made in a curative effort.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段的第二句“.used it to show the world their social status.”可知选项B表达有误；根据第六段的第一句“In Tahiti, tattoos were a rite of passage and told the history of the persons life.”可知选项C正确；根据第七段的第一句“Later, tattoos became the souvenir of choice for globetrotti

58、ng sailors.”可知选项D正确。所以本题选B。2.根据第二段的第一句“For years, scientists believed that Egyptians and Nubians were the first people to tattoo their bodies.”可知选项D正确。3.根据第三段的第四句“the Japanese became interested in the art but only for its decorative attributes, as opposed to magical ones.”日本人对这种艺术产生了兴趣，但只是因为它的装饰性，而不

59、是魔力。选项A正确。4.根据第三段的最后一句“During the first millennium A. D., Japan adopted Chinese culture in many aspects and confined tattooing to branding wrongdoers.”可知选项A正确；根据第五段的最后一句“.used tattoos to mark their slaves. Romans did the same with slaves and criminals.”可知选项B错误；选项C在文中没有提及；根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Soon after, tat

60、too parlors were set up in the area, surrounding ports worldwide.”可知选项D错误。5.根据最后一段的内容可知，19世纪中叶，警方认为纽约市一半的黑社会罪犯都有纹身。港口地区以到处都是犯了某种罪行的水手而闻名。这很有可能是纹身名声如此之差，并与反叛分子和犯罪分子联系在一起的原因。选项B符合原文。20. 单选题In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical activity and age should be （ ） .问题1选项A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon【答案】B【解析】bring into practice实行；take into account考虑；throw light on照亮，阐明，使显得清楚；look down upon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。