2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第24期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is apparent that winning the scholarship is （ ）of ones intelligence in the field of physics.问题1选项A.parallelismB.alliterationC.testimonyD.rhythm【答案】C【解析】名词辨析。parallelism 平行，对应；alliteration 头韵；testimony 证词，证明；rhythm 节奏，韵律。句意:获得奖学金应该是一个人智力的 。故C项符合句意。2. 单选题The tor

2、ch was（ ）by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting.问题1选项A.implementB.deceiveC.exemplifyD.ignited【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify 举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题They have（ ）her unreasonable request for her annual salary.问题1选项A.destinedB.chordedC.rep

3、elledD.commenced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析。destined 指定，命定，注定；chorded 弦，合音，和弦；repelled 击退，抵制；commenced 开始。句意: 他们 了她提出的不合理的年薪要求。C项在此处比较合适, 意思是 “回绝了”。4. 单选题In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb w

4、hen it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this falls entering classes the first since Katrina 一 will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school senio

5、rs will commit to enrolling in their institutions. Many of the most selective schools require studentswho increasingly are applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17

6、faculty positions, received fewer applications about 2, 900 to date, compared with 3, 500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March

7、open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell behind its recruitment schedule. Dillard wont release numbers, but spokeswoman Maureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admis

8、sions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last years record 1, 014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in ap

9、plications this year, to a record 20, 715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class 1, 400, compared with a more typical 1, 600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and fac

10、ulty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to woo admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mails, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines,

11、sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. Its also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September “to avert the majority of the hurricane s

12、eason, Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane, among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect appli

13、cants to be apprehensive, the admissions officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. “A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city (are) saying, I want to be a part of (the action), says Stieffel, noting that Loyolas transfer applications were up 30%. And whil

14、e applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. “The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,” he says.1. It can be inferred from the passage that（ ） .2.The following statements are false other than （ ）.3.In order to attract applicants, Loy

15、ola University and Dillard University are（ ） .4.The passage mainly concentrates on the subject of（ ） .问题1选项A.many of the students require smaller classes than usual in the institutionsB.most college admissions officials cannot predict how many students will commit to enrolling in their institutions

16、by May 1 this yearC.many of the students are increasingly applying to multiple institutions to make their choices by May 1 this yearD.in typical years, most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions问题2选项A.Tulane University also saw drops in application this yearB.Xavier Uni

17、versity, as a historically black Catholic institution, fell behind the recruitment schedule of Dillard UniversityC.Xavier University dean Winston Brown says the total number that he hopes to enroll is about 1,500 freshmenD.Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions due

18、to receiving fewer applications of students问题3选项A.reducing the tuition respectivelyB.hosting meetingsC.increasing the scholarships respectivelyD.extending the application deadline问题4选项A.the drops of the applicants of the universitiesB.the dilemma of the admission officialsC.the usual rules of colleg

19、e admissionsD.the effects of the hurricanes【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.推断题。原文第一段指出: 今年秋天的班级容量将会变小, 故选A。2.细节题。题干问的是下列哪个选项正确。第二段指出: Loyola University, .will vote. whether to. eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications, D项与此对应。3.细节对比。根据题干关键词attract applicants定位至第四段: freezing tuition

20、at last years level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition, 据此判断两所大学都采取了freezing tuition(降低学费)的措施。4.主旨题。文章讲述了 4所大学今年的招生情况，学生申请人数较以往都有所下降。5. 单选题The terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in todays world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or t

21、urn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morale of their opponent. But

22、thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether its a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare arent limited to the physical damage in

23、flicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your lo

24、ved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual threaten, says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulli

25、et of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.”“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quali

26、ty of what you do to a single person ” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isnt what you do, but its how its covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things tha

27、t happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U. S. hostages were eventually released unharmed，but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evenings newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists

28、 frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the groups power rather than an individual criminal act. “You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its an

29、image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “ The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities. Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U. S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently

30、in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because its the only tactic they have available to them. “They dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping, says Haroun,

31、 who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.“In psychological warfare, even one beheading can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy, Haroun tells WebM D. “You havent really harmed the enemy very much by k

32、illing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, youve achieved a lot of demoralization.1.Which of the following statements is NOT among the reasons that change the rules of psychological warfare?（ ）2.According to Richard Bulliet, why

33、does publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself”?（ ）3.The Iranian hostage crisis shows that（ ） .4.The randomness and the ubiquity of the terrorist acts bring to the public the impression that（ ）.问题1选项A.Break the morale of their opponent.B.Advances in technology.C.Th

34、e popularity of the Internet.D.Prosperity of media.问题2选项A.Because psychological terrorism is a tactic.B.Because terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C.Because the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D.Because publiciz

35、ing the violence can make more people know the actual threa问题3选项A.the impact of psychological terror relies largely on how the acts are publicizedB.there are various ways to have the impact of psychological terrorC.the American media is effectiveD.the ways determines the effect问题4选项A.the terrorists

36、are exerting total power over their captivesB.the threat is a collective demonstration of the groups powerC.the terrorists are powerful and pervasiveD.the force becomes generalized rather than personalized【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词psychological warfare定位至第二段第一句, 紧接着后面就提出了原因, advances

37、in technology, the popularity of the Internet 和 proliferation of news coverage,分别对应选项B，C，D，只有选项A没有提及。2.细节题。根据题干关键词Richard Bulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主义的策略就是创造一种和实际并不相符的恐惧氛围。3.细节题。根据题干关键词Iranian hostage crisis定位至第六段。 选项D与第六段第四句重现。4.细节题。根据题干关键词The randomness and the ubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：这种威胁的随机性和普遍性给人的

38、印象是其破坏能力大大增强。因此选项C正确。6. 单选题Some people seem to（ ）on the pressure of working under a deadline.问题1选项A.renderB.evolveC.prevailD.thrive【答案】D【解析】动词辨析。render 报答；归还；给予；evolve 演变，进化；prevail 盛行，流行；thrive 兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意: 有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下 。故D项符合句意。7. 写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the

39、 title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China8. 单选题One of

40、 the main reasons is that the universitys（ ）attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.问题1选项A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Fraud 欺诈; respondent （尤指离婚案的）被告；misconduct 不当行为; prestige 声望 。句意: 其中一个主要原因是大学的 吸引了全世界的学生和教职员工。故D项符合句意。9. 单选题I can respect someone who is（ ）fo

41、r their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.问题1选项A.millenniumB.dominantC.accountableD.commercial【答案】C【解析】语义题。millennium 一千年，千禧年；dominant 占优势的，支配的；accountable 负有责任的；commercial 商业的，商务的。accountable符合要求。根据句中but一词推测, 空格出应填与always pointing the finger(总是指手画脚)反向的词。因此选C。10

42、. 单选题Before the general election many senior citizens signed the（ ）against the spreading of nuclear arms.问题1选项A.contractB.petitionC.supplicationD.potential【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contract 合同，契约；petition 请愿书，指许多人签名的向当权者提出某种要求；supplication 祈愿，祈求，恳求；potential 潜力，潜势。句意: 好多老年人签订 反对核武器的扩散。故B项符合句意。11. 单选题I cant reme

43、mber exactly what triggered the explosion but it was pretty（ ）.问题1选项A.estimatingB.devastatingC.reprocessingD.preferring【答案】B【解析】estimating 估计；devastating 毁灭性的；reprocessing 再生，（核燃料的）回收；preferring 更喜欢。句意: 我记不清是什么引起了爆炸, 非常 。B项符合句意。12. 单选题I would never have（ ） a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate

44、.问题1选项A.sought forB.accounted forC.turned upD.resorted to【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。resorted to 与a court搭配，意为诉诸法庭。13. 单选题The two countries have developed a（ ）relation and increased a great deal in foreigntrade.问题1选项A.managerialB.lethalC.metricD.cordial【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。managerial 管理的；lethal 致命的；metric 米制的，公制的；co

45、rdial 热忱的，诚恳的。句意: 两国发展了（ ）关系，对外贸易增加了很多。只有cordial符合逻辑和句意。14. 单选题The military operations（ ）yesterday were targeted at the military installations.问题1选项A.propelledB.commencedC.plaguedD.modulated【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。空格处做的是后置定语，修饰the military operations(军事行动)，B项commenced(开始)符合句意。15. 单选题The doctors（ ）was that she

46、 should go and see the specialist in this field.问题1选项A.constraintB.counselC.coherenceD.consciousness【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。constraint 约束，强制；counsel 劝告，忠告；coherence 一致；consciousness 意识，知觉。句意: 医生的（ ）就是她应该去看这个领域的专家。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题It is known to all that children in this region have strong（ ）to swimming in summ

47、erbecause of the hot weather.问题1选项A.inclinationB.exposureC.fluxD.correlation【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。inclination 倾向；exposure 暴露；flux 涨潮；熔化；correlation 相互关系，相关性。句意: 由于夏天天热，这个地区的孩子对于游泳都有强烈的 。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题These changes have not been sufficient to（ ）the losses.问题1选项A.stemB.stimulateC.causeD.compensate【答案】D【解析】

48、语义题。空格填人的词应与sufficient词义相近。因此D项compensate （补偿，报酬）符合要求。18. 单选题There are over 6, 000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the p

49、layer in logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of vi

50、olence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred c

51、ontained violence. The investigators said, “These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences. They also said, The new and more sophisticated gam

52、es are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts. ” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33, 000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of

53、 the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield. They also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them. ”Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3, 000 different studies have been

54、conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who alre

55、ady have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television

56、advertising?1.Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?（ ）2.According to the investigators,（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that （ ）.4.The author uses “television advertising” as an example to show that （ ）.问题1选项A.Those that teach ho

57、w to fly an airplane.B.Those that teach the features of the earth.C.Those that help people use computer language.D.Those that teach computer technology.问题2选项A.the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take part in real violent actsB.the new and more sophisticated games teach the play

58、ers how to kill other peopleC.most computer and online games make the players forget the real life resultsD.most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners问题3选项A.more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB.it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence a

59、nd computer gamesC.there are now more incidents of violence due to computer gamesD.simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence问题4选项A.the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB.computer and online games are not the only cause of increased vio

60、lence in real lifeC.there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD.other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C【解析】第1题:1.细节题。根据题干关键词educational and harmlessly entertaining定位到第一段。首段第三句 teaches geography, trains

61、 pilots 分别对应选项 B 和 A ；首段第五句 help young people to become more computer literate对应选项D，只有C项文中没有提到。2.细节题。文章第三段和第四段分别陈述了电子游戏和网络游戏所带来的负面影响。A、B、C项都是其表现，D项是前面选项的总结，即使青少年养成不良习惯。3.逻辑推理。文章通篇都在讲电子游戏和网络游戏对青少年以及社会的负面影响。4.细节题。根据题干关键词 “television advertising”定位至最后一段。举例是为了论证people are influenced by what they see（人们会

62、受到所见内容的影响），也就是说，游戏会影响到人们的行为，暴力游戏可能让人有暴力倾向，因此C选项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:19. 单选题To our（ ）, Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.问题1选项A.reliefB.viewC.anxietyD.judgment【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。后半句说: Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared, 即杰弗里的病没有我们担心的那么严重。因此推测前面应该是 “我们松了一口气”。to our relief为固定搭配, 表示 “松了一口气”。20. 单选题As automation became popular in most factories, labor was made（ ）.问题1选项A.disincentiveB.redundantC.diverseD.discontent【答案】B