2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第9期

《2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第9期》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第9期（21页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Many countries have adopted systems of （ ）education in order to promote the average level of education.问题1选项A.compulsoryB.cardinalC.constrainedD.conventional【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compulsory“义务的，必修的”；B选项cardinal“主要的，基本的”；C选项constrained“拘泥的，被强迫的”；D选项conventio

2、nal“符合习俗的，传统的”，由关键词“education”可知空格部分意思应该为“义务的，规定必修的”，句意为：许多国家采取义务教育体系，以提高平均的教育水平。与选项A意思相符。2. 单选题Little （ ）how happy I had been.问题1选项A.she had realizedB.did she realizeC.she realizedD.has she realized【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。当否定词little位于句首时后面的句子要进行主谓倒装，且由句中关键词“had been（过去完成时态）”的对应知这里应用一般过去时态，故B项“did he

3、realize”正确。3. 单选题Visitors to India are often surprised to find that Taj Mahal is an almost （ ）topic of conversation.问题1选项A.inexhaustedB.inexhaustibleC.inexhaustiveD.inexhausting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A、D选项单词不存在，B选项inexhaustible“用不完的”；C选项inexhaustive“不详尽的、不彻底的”。句意为：到印度的旅行者通常都会惊讶的发现泰姬陵几乎是一个谈论不完的话题，B选项

4、符合题意，故答案选B。4. 单选题 In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verb tantal

5、ize is a very particular one: “to promise or show something desirable to a person and then take it away; to tease by arousing hope. Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the fol

6、lowing explanation is given: Tantalus. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the words origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in wa

7、ter that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning “to tease or torment by arousing desire”? Another example is the word “siren”, familiar to us as the mechanica

8、l device that makes such an alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fire engines approach. This word also has its origins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plug their ears so that they wouldnt hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who

9、 were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to be associated both with a loud sound and with danger! When someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean efforts”, he or she is using wordswith origins in mythology. Look these words up to fi

10、nd their meaning and relationship to myths. Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was originally Thors day, in honor of Thor, the god of thunde

11、r. As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after the Roman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements. Sev

12、eral other elements have names that come from mythology, too. It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language.1. The purpose of the first sentence in Paragraph 1 is （ ）.2. We learn from the passage, all English dictionaries include（ ） .3. The example of tantalize is to show（ ） .4. Ac

13、cording to the passage, which of the following does NOT have origins in myth or legends?5. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?问题1选项A.to lead readers onto the main themeB.to link the preceding part to the present oneC.to arouse readers interest in hieroglyphicsD.to desc

14、ribe the work of some Chinese scholars问题2选项A.legendsB.mythologyC.word originsD.word definitions问题3选项A.how the word came into existence.B.how Tantalus was punished in the lower world.C.how all English dictionaries show word origins.D.how the meaning of the word changed over the years.问题4选项A.Jovial.B.

15、March.C.Earth.D.Wednesday.问题5选项A.Mythology and Common Words.B.Historical Changes in Word Meanings.C.Mythological Origins of English Words.D.Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】段落大意题。文章第一段开头第一句是引出tantalize这个词的描述，接下来的几句话，是说明这个词的来源，它是众多来源于过去的神话和传说的英语单词之

16、一。故推测文章第一段是通过举例说明来引出主题。正确答案选A。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a words origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning.许多（不是所有）的英语字典都会在词的释义前后，用括号给出简短的词源解释”，故这里可知所有的英语字典都会给出英语单词的释义，但不是都会给出英语单词词源解释，或者有关的神话和传说。所以正确答案

17、为D。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第一段谈到了tantalize 这个单词的例子，根据第六句“This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the words origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology. 这意味着通过坦塔罗斯这个名字找到tantalize单词的词源，如果这样做的话，你就会发现，在希腊神话中”。接下来就是对于对应单词词源详细解释，结合最后一句话“Can you see why his nam

18、e was changed into a verb meaning to tease or torment by arousing desire? 现在你能猜出为什么他的名字变成了动词，表示（以唤起欲望来戏弄或者折磨某人）吗”，由此推断可知正确答案选A。选项B是具体的例子里面的描述。选项D和题干无关。选线C无法通过第一段中tantalize单词的例子推断出来。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第四段第三句“As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come

19、from Roman mythology 事实上，所有的行星，除了我们生活的地球外，都是以罗马神话中神的名字命名的”故这里选C。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。通篇浏览全文，文章都在讲英语单词的词源问题，文章中第一段通过tantalize这个单词的例子引出：许多英语单词来源于神话和传说。第二段到五段都是在举例阐述英语里面的单词来源于神话和传说的这一事实。故正确答案应该选C。5. 单选题The prisoner was （ ）of his civil liberty for three years.问题1选项A.dischargedB.derivedC.deprivedD.dispat

20、ched【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项discharge“解雇、卸下”；B选项derive“源于、得自”；C选项deprive“剥夺”；D选项dispatch“派遣、分派”。deprive sb. of sth.短语有“剥夺某人某物之意”，这里根据句子结构，主语是prisoner“罪犯”，宾语是“civil liberty公民自由”，可知空格部分单词意思为“剥夺”，并且是被动语态的结构，句意为：罪犯被剥夺三年公民自由权利。故正确答案选C。6. 单选题Mr. Smith cannot tell a lie skillfully; anyone can（ ） .问题1选项A.se

21、e him throughB.see him throughoutC.see through himD.see throughout him【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定短语。由关键信息cannot tell a lie skillfully“不善于说谎”可知短语动词see through“看穿，识破”符合题意，句意为：史密斯先生不善于说谎；任何人都可以看穿他。故答案选C。7. 单选题Not until they climbed to the top of the hill （ ）what they had been told.问题1选项A.that they believedB.di

22、d they believeC.when they believedD.then they believed【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。not until位于句首时，句子要倒装。not until +从句，助动词+主语+谓语动词原形+剩余成分；空格部分所在的句子中，需要将did助动词提前，句意为：直到他们爬上山顶，他们才相信别人所说的。故正确答案选B。8. 翻译题 Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is

23、. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming himself. He actualized his own unprecedented uniqueness, and appreciates the uniqueness of others. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate fac

24、ts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, demolished, bound or awed by them.【答案】 成功者的潜质各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真实才是。一个真实的人通过了解自我，坚持自我，使

25、自己成为值得信赖、乐于回应的人来体验真实的自我。它实现前所未有的独特的自我，同时也尊重他人的独特之处。 成功者不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕独立运用知识，他能够区分哪些是事实，哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他人的话语，但是自行做出结论，他可以钦羡、尊重别人，可是他绝不为他人所局限，所束缚，不会对他们敬若神灵。9. 单选题His friends reminiscences on the civil war were a （ ）excitement to the 80-year-old veteran.问题1选项A.continuousB.continualC.continui

26、ngD.continuum【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项continuous“持续不断的”；B选项continual“持续的，频繁的”；C选项continuing 是动词continue “继续；持续”的现在分词；D选项continuum是名词“统一体；连续体”。缺定语修饰a excitement“令人兴奋的一件事”，故continuous“持续不断的”最符合，句意为：朋友们对南北战争的回忆让这位80岁的老兵兴奋不已。10. 单选题In （ ）of the older girls, even the ten-year-olds have started wearing l

27、ipstick and make-up.问题1选项A.adoptionB.admirationC.applicationD.imitation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项adoption“采用、收养”；B选项admiration“钦佩、赞赏”；C选项application“应用、申请”；D选项imitation“模仿、仿造”。in imitation of固定短语的意思是“模仿”，句意为：即使10岁大的女孩子也开始模仿年龄大点的女孩涂唇膏和化妆。故正确答案选D。11. 单选题Of various parts of the speech contest, unplanned

28、（ ）speech is the most difficult part for most contestants.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.spontaneityC.preparedD.synthetic【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项spontaneous“自发的，自然的”；B选项spontaneity“自发性，自然性”；C选项prepared“准备好的”；D选项synthetic“综合的，合成的”。由关键词“unplanned无准备的”可知spontaneous符合题意，句意为：在口语竞赛的不同环节中，无准备即兴演讲对于大多数选手来说都是最难的。选项A为正

29、确答案。12. 翻译题 30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订外商投资产业指导目录。(参考词汇：self-dependent innovative: consultation; rules of origin; entry thres

30、hold)【答案】 Over the last three decades, foreign direct investment has brought capital, advanced technologies and business know-how to China. We understand that FDI fosters innovation. That is why, in April, we held a public consultation to review the criteria we use to accredit “self-dependent innova

31、tive products”. The results emphasized that all foreign enterprises are given equal treatment and that all their products are considered to be “made in China”, while the same rules of origin are applied to them as to Chinese products. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has continually

32、 lowered the entry threshold for foreign investment. Since 1997, we have revised the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment Guidance four times.13. 单选题（ ） is CORRECT in grammar.问题1选项A.Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and IrelandB.Britain does not agree and either do De

33、nmark. Portugal and IrelandC.Britain does not agree. So do Denmark. Portugal and IrelandD.Britain does not agree. Neither Denmark, Portugal and Ireland do.【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。CORRECT in grammar“语法上正确的”是 Britain does not agree and neither do Denmark, Portugal and Ireland，句意为：英国不同意，丹麦，葡萄牙和爱尔兰也不同意。故答

34、案选 A。14. 单选题 Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents ones findings,

35、what constitutes admissible and adequate proof. Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are a

36、ccompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions “What happened?” and “How did it happen?” have given way to the question “Why did it happen?” Prominent among the methods used to answer the question “Why” is psychoanalysis, and its

37、 use has given rise to psychohistory. Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho

38、historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its “facts” not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequenc

39、es, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefo

40、re assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the “deepest” expl

41、anation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own,

42、 in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the pa

43、rticularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.1. Which of the following best states the main point of the text?2. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristi

44、c of the practice of psychohistorians?3. The author of the text suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as（ ） .4. The author of the text puts the word “deepest” (Last Line, Paragraph 3) in quotation marks most probably in order to（ ） .5. In presenting her analysis, the author does all

45、of the following EXCEPT （ ）.问题1选项A.The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B.Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C.Areas o

46、f sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.D.The psychological assessment of an individuals behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.问题2选项A.The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rath

47、er than narrative form.B.Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.C.Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic diagram.D.Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the

48、childhood of the figure.问题3选项A.a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiableB.an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are ra

49、reC.an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete unitsD.a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events问题4选项A.signal her reservations about the accuracy of psychohistorians claims for their w

50、orkB.draw attention to a contradiction in the psychohistorians methodC.emphasize the major difference between the traditional historians method and that of psychohistoriansD.disassociate her opinion of the psychohistorians claims from her opinion of their method问题5选项A.make general statements without

51、 reference to specific examplesB.describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansC.question the adequacy of the psychohistorians interpretation of eventsD.point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians application of their methods【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大

52、意题。整篇文章主要讲了心理历史学家研究历史的方法特点和与传统历史研究的对比。因此选项A“心理历史学家的历史研究方法虽然缺乏传统历史方法的严谨性和可验证性，但目前仍是一种流行的研究方法。”符合题意。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all tim

53、es and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。”由此可知C选项“过去和现在的事件都放置在同样的确定模式里”正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is pres

54、umed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不尊重过去的特殊性，而是将过去和现在的所有事件同化成一个单一的决定性图式，这个图式被假定在任何时候和任何情况下都是真实的。” 由此可知D选项“一种封闭的、不可改变的心理法则似乎塑造了事件的记录”正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the

55、 deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth. 心理历史学家相信他们自己的理论是绝对正确的，也相信他们的理论是对任何事件的最深刻的解释，其他的解释都不符合事实。”由此可知作者对心理历史学家关于他们工作的说法的准确性持保留态度。因此选项A正确。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。由最后一段中“Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and pr

56、esent, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. 它不考虑过去的特殊性，而将所有过去和现在的事件并入一个单一的确定模式，而这种模式在所有的时间和情况下被假设是正确的。”对应知A项“在不提具体例子的情况下做总体的陈述”在文中有提及；由第三段中“And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative

57、instances that would refute their theses. 且它违反了历史方法的基本原则，即历史学家应该留意将会否定他们论点的反面事例”知B项“描述了传统历史学家所使用的一些标准”在文中有提及；由第三段中“Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the deepest explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short o

58、f the truth. 心理历史学家确信自己理论的绝对正确，也确信他们的理论的解释是对任何事件的最深入的解释，从而也确信其他解释缺乏真理”知C项“质疑心理历史学家对事件解释的适当性”在文中有暗示性提及；由此知在文中没有提及的D项“指出心理历史学家在应用他们的方式上的不一致”正确。15. 单选题 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead,

59、 it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is to look at familiar conditions form a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that ma

60、ny of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest proposal dramatized starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists obj

61、ected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the ideas that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because th

62、ey are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scram

63、bles familiar objects into incongruous combination and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to re