2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第32期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Nowadays, a cell-phone service is available to everyone, everywhere. Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also name it: Fake Foning.The technology has been working well for me at the offi

2、ce, but there are infinite applications, virtually in any public space.Say you work at a big university with lots of talky faculty members buzzing about. Now, say you need to use the restroom. The trip down the hall will take approximately one hour, because a person cant walk into those talky people

3、 without getting pulled aside for a question, a bit of gossip, a new read on a certain line of Paradise Lost.So, a cell-phone. Any cell-phone. Just pick it up. Dont dial. Just hold that phone to your face and start talking. Walk confidently down the hall engaged in fake conversation, making sure to

4、tailor both the topic and content to the person standing before you whom you are trying to evade.For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business: “Yes, Im glad you called, because we really need to hammer out the details. Whats that? Yes, I read Page 12, but if you look

5、 at the bottom of 4, I think you can see the problem begins right there.”Be animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation. Make eye contact with the people passing nod to them, gesture keen interest in talking to them al a later time, point to your Phone, shrug and move on.Shoppers should cons

6、ider fake foning anytime they spot a talky neighbor in the produce department pinching(用手捏)unripe peaches. Without your phone at your face, youd be in for a 20-minute speech on how terrible the world is.One important caution about fake foning. The other day I was fake foning my way past a colleague,

7、 and he was actually following me to get my attention. I knew he wanted to ask about a project I had not yet finished. I was trying to buy myself some time, so 1 continued fake foning with my doctor. So I dont need the operation? Oh, doctor, that is the best news.”And then: Biirnig! Binurg! Bnnrrg!

8、My phone started ringing, right there while it was planted on my face. My colleague looked at me, and I at him, and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, pulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my car. “Hello? Are you still there?” Oops1.Which of

9、 the following statements is INCORRECT?2.What is fake foning?3.In the authors opinion, in order to make fake foning look real one has to（ ）.4.What does the last example show?5.After his phone suddenly began ringing, the author（ ）.问题1选项A.Cell-phone service is popular among people.B.Cell-phone has muc

10、h use in office.C.Fake foning is a new cell-phone service.D.Fake foning is a new discovery.问题2选项A.A strategy to avoid people.B.A device newly produced.C.A service provided everywhere.D.A skill of communication.问题3选项A.talk about interesting mattersB.behave politely to people passing byC.hold the phon

11、e while walkingD.appear absorbed in conversation问题4选项A.One effective way is to fake fone ones doctor.B.One has to be careful while fake foning.C.Fake foning may not deceive people.D.Fake foning is always quite successful.问题5选项A.immediately started talking to the callerB.immediately started talking t

12、o his colleagueC.put the phone away and stopped talkingD.continued with his fake conversatio【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列表述哪个是不正确的”。文章第一段提到“也许成千上万人已经开始使用，但是我刚刚才知道”（Probably thousands of people have already been using it, but I just discovered it, so Im going to claim it and also

13、name it: Fake Foning），由此可知，fake foning已经出现很久了，并不是才出现，所以选项C的陈述“新功能”是不正确的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“假装打电话是什么”。文章第五段提到“ 去避开同事的标准的假打电话，我建议假聊业务”（For standard colleague avoidance, I suggest fake chatting about fake business），由此可知选项A“避开人的一个策略”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，为了让假装打电话看起来逼真，应该”。文章第六段前面两句提到“假装打电话要逼真与专注”（Be

14、animated. Be engaged in your fake fone conversation），选项D“看上去专注于谈话”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“最后一个例子说明”。文章倒数第二段举了自己为了给自己争取时间，而假装跟医生聊天的例子，说明假装打电话的时候一定要小心。选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“在自己的电话突然开始响起后，作者”。文章最后一段提到“我自然地喘气，我说这事情到底怎么回事，随后我将电话移开并放到我的车上”（and naturally I gasped. “What is the matter with this thing?” I said, p

15、ulling the phone away to look at it, and then putting it back to my car），选项D“继续假装谈话”符合题意。2. 单选题Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately, most of us in modern industrialized societies

16、 can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact, we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset, one for which we might r

17、eadily give up such rewards as power, wealth, or fame.Because ill health is universal problem, affecting both the individual and society, the human response to sickness is always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the i

18、ndividual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises, over time, a number of standards, values, groups, statuses, and roles: in other words, an institution. To t

19、he sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease.In the simplest pre-industrial societies, medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness arc very elementary, often involving only two rol

20、es: the sick and the healer. The latter is typically also the priest, who relies primarily on religious ceremonies, both to identify and to treat disease: for example, bones may be thrown to establish a cause, songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modem industrialized societies, on the other h

21、and, the institution has become highly complicated and specialized, including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon, druggist, and hospital administrator, linked with various organizations such as nursing homes, insurance companies, and medical schools. Medicine, in fact, has become the sub

22、ject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.1.Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph I?2.The word “authorize” in Paragraph 2 means “（ ）.3.In Paragraph 2, we learn that the sociologist

23、regards medicine as（ ）.4.According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true?5.The author of this passage is mainly concerned with（ ）.问题1选项A.Nowadays most people believe they can have fairly good health.B.Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.C.Most of us are aware of the f

24、ull value of health.D.Ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.问题2选项A.make way forB.give power toC.write an order forD.make it possible for问题3选项A.a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthyB.a universal problem that affects every societyC.a soc

25、ial responsibility to treat ill healthD.a science that focuses on the treatment of disease问题4选项A.In the past, bones might be used to decide why people fell ill.B.in pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing.C.Modem medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has

26、a place in it.D.There were only two roles in an elementary medical system, the patient and the one who tried to cure him.问题5选项A.sociological aspects in medicineB.medical treatment of diseasesC.the development of medical scienceD.the role of religion in medicine【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实

27、题。题目问的是“根据第一段，下列哪个描述是正确的”。文章第一段提到“疾病和受伤让我们痛苦一生，直到对身体的一些攻击能让我们死去”（Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until finally sonic attack on the body brings our existence to an end），选项B“人生有许多痛苦和磨难”符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“第二段中的authorize的意思是”。文章第二段提到某些人去决定谁生了病，以及决定这些病人被怎样处理（authorizes certain people

28、 to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated），选项B“给以权力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“在第二段中，我们可以得知社会学家将药品作为”。文章第二段的最后一句“对于社会学家来说，医学是关于维持健康和治疗疾病的一种制度”（To the sociologist, then, medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and treatment of disease），选项A“一种以治疗疾病和维持人体健康为目的的体系”符合题

29、意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段，下列不正确的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），所以选项C“现代医学如此复杂，以至于社会学在其中不再有任何位置”与描述不符合，所以是答

30、案。5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章作者关心的是”。文章第三段提到“正因为医学现在是最普遍的、花费多的现代社会机构之一，所以它已经成为社会学家最感兴趣的主题”（Medicine, in fact, has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society），选项A“医学的社会学方面”符合题意。3. 单选题For the Greeks, beauty

31、 was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to calllamely, enviouslywhole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a persons “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the oilier kind. The

32、 well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductiveand so ugly. One of Socrates main pedagogical acts was to be ugly and teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full o

33、f paradoxes life really was.They may have resisted Socrates lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty, we not only split off-with the greatest facility-the “inside”(character, intellect)from the “outside(looks); but we are actually surprised when

34、 someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.It was principally the influence of Christianity that deprived beauty of the central place it had in classical ideals human excellence. By limiting excellence (virtus in Latin) to moral virtue only, Christianity set beauty adriftas an ali

35、enated, arbitrary, superficial enchantment. And beauty has continued to lose prestige. For close to two centuries it has become a convention to attribute beauty to only one of the two sexes: the sex which, however fair, is always second. Associating beauty with women has put beauty even further on t

36、he defensive, morally.A number women, we say in English, but a handsome man. “Handsome” is the masculine equivalent of and refusal of a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only. That one can all a man “beautiful” in French and in Italian suggests

37、 that Catholic countriesunlike those countries shaped by the Protestant version of Christianitystill remain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty. But the difference, if one exists, is of degree only. In every modern country that is Christian or post-Christian, women are the beautiful sex

38、-to the detriment of the notion of beauty as well as of women.1.The author means by “whole persons” in Para 1（ ）.2.Why does the author speculate that Socrates disciples may have resisted his lessons?3.The author does not think of it as a (n)（ ） to call women the beautiful sex.4.How do people react t

39、oday when they meet some woman who enjoys both beauty and intelligence?5.Which of the following is NOT li ne according to the passage?问题1选项A.persons of beautyB.persons of virtueC.persons of excellenceD.none of the above问题2选项A.Because Socrates was ugly.B.Because Socrates taught them to be critical.C.

40、Because they had a different expectation.D.Because they were innocent.问题3选项A.complimentB.insultC.abuseD.humiliation问题4选项A.They feel this is surprising to them.B.They feel jealous of the woman.C.They feel this is pitiful for the woman.D.They feel this is quite natural问题5选项A.Christianity draws a disti

41、nction between beauty and excellence.B.People has lost their admiration for beauty throughout Christian society.C.“Handsome” is the equivalent of “beautiful” in meaning.D.Women are thought to be inferior.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者提及的whole persons指代”。文章第一段第二三句提到“那时候的人被认为是

42、我们现在所说的跛脚的、爱嫉妒的完整的人。如果希腊人真能区分一个人的内在美和外在美”（Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to calllamely, enviouslywhole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a persons “inside” and “outside”），由此可以看出，“完整的人”指代既有内在美又有外在美的人，选项D符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者猜测为什么苏格拉底的弟子们拒绝其教学”。文章第一段提到“聚集在

43、苏格拉底周围的那些出身良好的雅典青年发现了这样一种矛盾的情景：他们如此聪慧、勇敢、受人尊重、有魅力，但容貌却如此丑陋” （The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductiveand so ugly）。苏格拉底弟子们预想的真正的“完人”应该是内外皆美的，与苏格拉底教学的“主要行为之一就是丑陋”矛盾，由此可以看出他的弟子与其期望不同，选项

44、C符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为称呼女性美丽的性别是一种”。文章第四段提到“美丽由于只用于女性，已经带上了某种蔑视的含义”（a compliment which has accumulated certain demeaning overtones, by being reserved for women only），所以选项A“恭维”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“今天的人们遇上一个美貌与智慧并存的女性时的反应是”。文章第二段提到“但是我们为一个美丽、智慧、有天分并且善良的人感到吃惊”（but we are actually surprised when someon

45、e who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good），选项A符合题意。5.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，下列说法不正确的是”。文章最后一段提到“一个人在法国和意大利语中都可以被称为美丽的，这表明天主教国家不想那些被新教版本的基督教所塑造的国家仍然保持着异教徒对美丽的崇拜的痕迹”（That one can all a man “beautiful” in French and in Italian suggests that Catholic countriesunlike those countries shaped by th

46、e Protestant version of Christianitystill remain some vestiges of the pagan admiration for beauty），选项B“整个基督教社会已经不再崇拜美丽”与原文不符，所以符合题意。4. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the

47、meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless tress, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What sile

48、nce, too, came with the snow!Now we are all living in modem time. As the society has developed, euthanasia （安乐死）or mercy killing has returned to the worlds home page. Many reports about relevant cases and results of scholarly research often appear on the front page of the newspapers. Euthanasia is s

49、ometimes called mercy killing, doctors-assisted suicide or painless death. It is usually understood as a merciful act to relieve a terminally-ill patients unbearable physical pain. While the majority of society seems to favor this supposedly humanitarian practice, it still could take decades for the

50、 countrys legislative and judicial departments to deal with the highly controversial issue: No specific law of rule governs euthanasia as such in China, but the act fits the vague concept of “intentional killing” in the Criminal Code. Yet the voices calling for legislation on euthanasia have become

51、louder in recent years.【答案】第一场雪来了。多么美啊！它整日整夜静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地里，落在世人的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上！一片白茫茫中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出了一道弯弯曲曲的黑线；树叶掉光了的老鼠，映衬着灰色的天空，枝丫交错，更显风姿。下雪的时候，一切多么安静啊！如今我们都生活在现代社会。随着社会的发展，安乐死或者怜悯致死术已经成为世界的关注点。许多相关案例和学术研究结果的报道经常出现在报纸的头版。安乐死有时被称为怜悯致死术、医生协助自杀或叫做无痛死亡。它通常被理解为一种仁慈的行为，用来减轻绝症病人无法忍受的疼痛。虽然大部分人似乎支持这种所谓的人道主义

52、行为，但是对于一个国家的立法和司法部门来说，这是颇具争议的，起码需要数十年来解决这个问题。比如中国就没有专门的法律来管理安乐死，但是安乐死符合其刑法里的“故意杀人”这一模糊的概念。然而，今年来要求立法安乐死的呼声越来越高。5. 单选题Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even

53、 be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Natu

54、re, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.The researchers studied the behavior of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They good-natured, co-operative creatures and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to

55、the value of “goods and services” than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr.de waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of

56、 cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different.In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumber).So when one monkey was

57、 handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept

58、the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to cat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female Capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, arc guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a cooperative, g

59、roup living specie. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group

60、. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by（ ）.2.The statement “it

61、is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph 1) implies that （ ）.3.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they（ ）.4.Dr. Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys（ ）.5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?问题1选项A.posing a contrast

62、B.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC.monkeys, like humans , tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions问题3选项A.more inclined

63、to weigh what they getB.attentive to researcher instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions问题4选项A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy when separated from others问题5选项A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段提到每个人都希望加薪，但是当知晓别人