考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案25

《考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案25》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案25（22页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、考研考博-考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The development of the English language falls into three reasonably（ ）periods: Old English, Middle English, and Modern English.问题1选项A.cuttingB.rationalC.distinctD.disputable【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。cutting “锋利的”；rational “合理的，理性的”；distinct “独特的，有区别的”；disputable “有争议的，可诉性的”。句意：英语语

2、言的发展合理地分为三个阶段：古代英语、中世纪英语、现代英语。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题The term nonverbal communication （ ）_ a number of categories: body language, vocal into-nations, physical objects, and space, among others.问题1选项A.embracesB.classifiesC.constitutesD.intervenes【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。embrace “包含” ; classify “分类”；constitute “组成”;inte

3、rvene “干涉” 。句意：非语言交际一词包含很多类：肢体语言、语音语调、物理对象和空间。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Grain production in the world is （ ）, but still millions go hungry.问题1选项A.staggeringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Fossils of p

4、lant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.问题1选项A.plantB.been extinctC.fifty million yearD.near【答案】A【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Some sociologists are worried about the （

5、） throughout the whole society.问题1选项A.fraudulentB.generousC.dynamicD.compulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。fraudulent “欺诈的”； generous “慷慨的”；dynamic “动态的”; compulsive “极有趣的”。句意：一些社会学家担心整个社会的欺诈问题。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Hardys weakness（ ）his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these impulses and from h

6、is unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.问题1选项A.lay inB.gave rise toC.shed light onD.derived from【答案】D【解析】动词词组辨析。lie in “躺在”；give rise to “引起”；shed light on “使.清楚地显出；derive from“源自”。句意：哈代的缺点一方面源于没有能力控制好各种不同的创作冲动，另一方面源于他不愿意去培养和保持那些充满活力和冒险的想法。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Although this t

7、heory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned（ ） the opposing view.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in place ofC.instead ofD.in terms of【答案】A【解析】介词词组辨析。in favor of “赞同，支持”；in place of “代替”；instead of “代替，而不是”；in terms of “在方面”。句意：尽管这一理论没有被严格地被反驳过，但是教条会被抛弃，而转向它的对立面。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题The writ

8、er seems to（ ）between approving of Collins actions and finding them disgusting.问题1选项A.alterB.transformC.vacillateD.vibrate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是: alter更改； transform改变，改观； vacillate犹豫不定； vibrate振动，摆动。句意:作者似乎在赞成和否定柯林的行为之间举棋不定。 vacillate between意为“在之间摇摆不定”，根据句意可推出正确答案是C。9. 翻译题Certainly people do no

9、t seem less interested in success and what it can do for us now than formerly. Summer homes，European vacations, travel, BMW ssuch items do not seem less in demand than they did a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot admit their dreams as easily and openly as they once cou

10、ld, lest they be thought of as pushing, acquisitive, and vulgar. For such people and many more perhaps not so outstanding, the proper action seems to be, “Succeed at all costs but refrain from appearing ambitious.”The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles, while its public defend

11、ers are few and ineffective. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and cultivated in the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its urges, but only th

12、at since it is no longer openly honored, it is therefore less often openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground or made devious.【答案】当然，相比于从前，人们对于成功以及成功给我们带来的东西兴趣似乎不会减少。人们对避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、旅游、宝马这类事物的需求相比一二十年前似乎也没有减少。情况是人们现在不敢简单公开地像以前那样承认自

13、己的梦想，怕被认为是急功近利、贪得无厌和庸俗的人。对于这样的人，或许还有很多不那么优秀的人，正确的做法是：不惜一切代价取得成功，但是要避免变得野心勃勃。人们从各个角度对野心有很多批评，但是公开批评者很少，并且显得很无力。因此，在美国，将雄心看作是一种健康的动力，一种可敬的从年轻就开始培养了的品质，这很少有人支持。这并不意味着雄心已经没有了，也不意味着人们不再感受到雄心带来的驱动力，相反地，因为不再公开推崇，那么也不会公开宣扬了。这样做带来的结果是，雄心以一种私下看不见的方式驱动着人们。10. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, wh

14、oever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some primary questions about the future of work. Would we continue to treat emp

15、loyment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self- respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and

16、the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This se

17、ems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could provide the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depri

18、ving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transportation improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their place

19、s of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived.Meanwhile employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial time, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it becam

20、e customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered, as emplo

21、yment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from

22、the idealist goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.1.Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that（ ）2.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that（ ）3.The effects of almost univer

23、sal employment were overwhelming in that（ ）4.The article concludes that（ ）问题1选项A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.B.new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.C.available employment must be more widely distributed among the

24、 unemployed.D.the nowadays high unemployment figures are a truth of life.问题2选项A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperity.B.economic freedom came within everyones control.C.patterns of work were fundamentally changed.D.peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed.问题3选项A.the household and

25、village community disappeared completely.B.men now traveled enormous distances to their places of work.C.the work status of those not in paid employment suffered.D.young and old people became superfluous components of society.问题4选项A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.B.our efforts and

26、resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient.C.people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skill.D.we should help those whose jobs are only part-time.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章第一段，高失业率确实是现在存在的一种社会现象，并且会持续下去。所以选项中“a truth of life” 最符合题意，选项D最符合题意。2.信

27、息推断题。根据文章第三段中“some of the changes in work patterns which it brought”，第四段中“he factory system destroyed the cottage industries”可以看出工业时代的到来推动了整个工业模式的变化。选项C符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段。所有人都受到了就业影响，其中也包括“those not in paid”，那些没有受雇的人，如学生和退休人员，故选项C符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句中“without full time jobs”，可知选项D符合题意。11.

28、单选题The spelling of many Old English words has been （ ）in the living language, although their pronunciations have changed.问题1选项A.preservedB.preemptedC.revisedD.improved【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Preserve “保留，保护”；preempt “先占，取代”；revise“修订，校订”；improve “改善，提高”。句意：许多古英语中单词的拼写在现代语言中被保留了，尽管它们的发音有变化。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Wit

29、hout exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that （1 ） generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to（2 ）us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us（3）

30、, to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas （4） in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. （5）entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of

31、 necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the （6）of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be（7）, what ideals deserve （8）But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires

32、respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. （9）, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands （10） in the humanities.问题1选项A.crossedB.passes downC.survivesD.exists问题2选项A.warnB

33、.facilitateC.compelD.encourage问题3选项A.arrogantB.exhaustedC.productiveD.reliable问题4选项A.sinceB.whenC.whereasD.which问题5选项A.ProvidedB.LeftC.ReservedD.Kept问题6选项A.arenasB.communitiesC.subjectsD.disciplines问题7选项A.followedB.investigatedC.servedD.abandoned问题8选项A.identificationB.maintenanceC.reverenceD.endeavo

34、r问题9选项A.SimilarlyB.ContrarilyC.VirtuallyD.Literally问题10选项A.concentrationB.presuppositionC.revelationD.reflection【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:A【解析】（1）词义辨析。cross “穿过，交叉”；pass down “使流传”；survive “生存，幸存”；exist “存在”。根据文意，如果我们不接触到流传的文化和传统，我们将会排除在流传给下一代的大同世界之外。选项B符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。war

35、m “警告”；facilitate “促进，帮助”；compel “强迫，迫使”；encourage “鼓励”。根据文意，这种排斥倾向于促使我们重塑所有，这是一项不必要并且不可能完成的任务。选项C符合题意。（3）形容词词义辨析。根据文意，另一方面会使我们感到自大，认为我们是世界的创造者，选项A符合题意。（4）逻辑推理。前一句说道我们是世界和优秀思想的创造者，后一句提到我们实际上只是历史中的一个小碎片。前后形成了对比和转折。选项C符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。provide “提供，装备”；leave “留下”；reserve “保存”；keep “保留”。句意：如果完全只有我们自己的话，那我们

36、对智慧的贡献是相当微薄的。所以用keep sth. to oneself 的结构，选项D符合题意。（6）名词词义辨析。arena “舞台，竞技场”；community“社区，共同体”；subject“主题，学科”；discipline“纪律”。句意：人文科学的一些社区团体提出了一些问题。选项B符合题意。（7）动词词义辨析。Followed“追逐，追求”；investigate“调查”；serve“招待”；abandon“丢弃，抛弃”。根据文意，这些社团提出的问题是，哪些目标是值得追随的。选项A符合题意。（8）名词词义辨析。identification“鉴定，识别”；maintenance“维持

37、，维护”；reverence“崇敬，尊严”；endeavor“努力”。根据文意，问题是什么样的理想值得人们去尊重。选项C符合题意。（9）逻辑推理。考查对上下文相关语句关系的把握，区分表示联系的副词。similarly“相似地”； contrarily“反之”；virtually“实际上”；literally “照字面地，不夸张地”。根据文意，确实地。前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的，但是不知道具体方法是无用的，空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好，而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是没意义的。所以前后两句是相反的。选项B符合题意。（10）名词词义辨析。concentration“专心，专注”；pre

38、supposition“假定，预设”；revelation“揭露”；reflection“反映，沉思”。句意：在对应用科学进行研究时，也需要对人文科学投以关注。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题What percentage of the population in a modem technological society is, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is li

39、kely to get bigger in the future.Technology and the division of labor have done two things： by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivit

40、y they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in th

41、e past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, e

42、tc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling,

43、dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a sc

44、ientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting ones teeth into a problem”.1.According to the passage, the writer believes the majority of the population（ ）2.According to the passage, technology and division of labour have done all of the followi

45、ng EXCEPT（ ）3.What can be inferred from the passage about special strength and skill?4.According to the passage aristocracy dealt with boredom by（ ）5.Which of the following is one of the amusements of the masses?问题1选项A.are unhappy with what they do.B.will get bigger in their number in the future.C.a

46、gree with him on his classification.D.are in the fortunate position of being workers.问题2选项A.increasing the joy of the paid occupations.B.making skill and special strength unnecessary in work.C.causing jobs to be dull labour.D.decreasing working hours问题3选项A.Special strength and skill must be abandone

47、d if people want to enjoy their work.B.Special strength and skill are necessary for people to find their work enjoyable.C.Special strength or skill causes work to be boringD.Special strength or skill reduces the number of necessary labouring hours.问题4选项A.enjoying more leisure.B.working with labourer

48、s.C.demanding difficult work for the masses.D.ritualizing their time.问题5选项A.HuntingB.GamblingC.Foolish acts of violenceD.Doing scientific research【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.信息推断题。根据文章内容，作者在首段提出讨论点：有多少人会和自己一样对于成为一名工人而感到幸运。然而，在第二段就给出了答案，大多数人并不是快乐的。“which formerly were enjoyable work into borin

49、g labor,”，这句表明从前愉快的工作变成了一种无聊的劳动，对于工人来说，解决无聊的问题也是很困难的。选项A符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，劳动技术的分工所做的工作包括消除特殊技能在工作中的使用、把过去愉快的工作变成无聊的劳动、缩短工作时间。所以选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。3.信息推断题。根据文章第二段第一句，“by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skillformerly were enjoyable work into boring labor”，通过消除特殊技能和力量使工作变得厌倦

50、无聊，反过来说，需要特殊技能的工作可以使工人变得愉快。选项B符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. 前者提到了社会大众，后者提到贵族来形成对比，选项D符合题意。5.细节理解题。“the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to huntdriv

51、ing, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.”根据第三段这句话可知，可以在危险驾驶、吸毒和暴力行为中找到和贵族类似的娱乐方式。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure（ ）.问题1选项A.than more on efficiencyB.and more efficiencyC.and more on efficiencyD.than efficiency【答案】C【解析】考查语法。题目

52、中emphasis和efficiency处于构成并列的关系。句意：一些公司采用了弹性工作时间，更少地强调压力，更多地强调效率。实际上为“more emphasis on efficiency”，选项C运用了省略的结构，选项C符合题意。15. 单选题问题1选项A.responseB.answerC.correspondenceD.echo【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。response“反响，反应”；answer“回答，答案”；correspondence“通信，一致”；echo“回音”。句意：他刊登在报纸上的广告受到了很好的反响，她受到了一百多封申请信。选项A符合题意。16. 翻译题中国是世界

53、文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。【答案】China is one of the birthplaces of the world civilization which has a 5,000-year history. There are many outstanding ideo

54、logists in Chinese ancient thought history that left a rich ideological heritage for our China and even the whole mankind. The ideological achievements were very unique and constantly explained and developed in the long history. Today, some of these thoughts are still lively and full of vitality for

55、 todays China and the whole world. For example, the ideal of “benevolence” and the “harmony” thought of Confucius who is the originator of Confucian school have been praised highly by China and other Asian countries at present.17. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his offensive remarks since he is merely try

56、ing to attract attention.问题1选项A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。distract “使心烦意乱”；disregard “忽视，不尊重”；irritate “刺激，激怒”；intervene “干涉，调停”。句意：请不要被他无礼的评论所激怒，因为他只是想引起注意。选项C符合题意。18. 单选题The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials,

57、 of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。exploited “被利用的”；controversial “有争议的”；inexhaustible “无穷无尽的”；remarkable “卓越的，非凡的”。句意：热带植物的多样性代表了似乎用之不竭的原材料，其中只有少部分被利用了。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题Do you think that all human beings have a u comfort

58、zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their f

59、aces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This

60、 greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This manner of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, and how they mo

61、ve as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator；in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands

62、 not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy ； they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story； they put an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection； they readily take someones arm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact i