考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题含答案8

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1、考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题As a teacher, you should not（ ）the students from asking questions in class.问题1选项A.ruinB.restrainC.importD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ruin“破坏，糟蹋，毁灭”；B选项restrain“抑制，控制”，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事；C选项import“输入，进口”；D选项impose“强加，征税，以欺骗”。句意：作为老师，你不应该阻止学生在课堂上提问。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。2. 单选题

2、All the memories of his childhood had（ ）from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fade“褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；B选项illustrate“阐明，举例说明”；C选项confine“限制，禁闭”；D选项concern“关系到，涉及”。句意：在他65岁时，童年的所有记忆都从他的脑海中消失了。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。3. 单选题The tooth that is being extra

3、cted by the dentist（ ）me for some time.问题1选项A.has hurtB.has been hurtingC.is hurtingD.hurts【答案】A【解析】考查时态。“for+一段时间”一般用现在完成时，“for some time”表示“一段时间以来”，句意：牙科医生正在拔的那颗牙痛了我一段时间了。所以本题选择A选项“has hurt”正确。4. 单选题Be sure not to mention this when you（ ）about this problem.问题1选项A.were talkingB.will talkC.have been

4、 talkingD.are talking【答案】D【解析】考查时间状语从句，当从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延续性动词时，主语是一般现在时，when引导时间状语从句用现在进行时，所以本题D是正确答案。5. 单选题The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have provided the scientific evidence of human impact on the climate, and a glimpse of what the future may hold if w

5、e don t act fast. But while the consensus may be growing on the need for changes in behavior, were no closer to understanding how were going to do it. Attempting an unprecedented shift in human behavior without the input of psychologists is like setting sail for a faraway land without the aid of nau

6、tical maps.Psychological research shows that most people in the UK dont feel personally threatened by climate change because it is vague, abstract and difficult to visualize. This means that doomsday scenarios and apocalyptic language are unlikely to workalthough fear can motivate behavior change, i

7、t only works when people feel personally vulnerable.An American study played people recordings of actors delivering speeches about climate change. The version that people responded to the best talked about “air pollution” rather than “climate change” because pollution is something visible that they

8、could relate to, with strong connotations of dirtiness and poor health. Climate change is about much more than just dirty air, but finding ways of making climate change more visible is critical. People simply dont worry about things they cant see (or even imagine). One approach that has been used to

9、 increase the amount that people use public transport breaks down habits into simple “ifthen” plans. To change a habitual behavior, a person has to identify a goal (drive less, for example), a behavior they want to perform in pursuit of that goal (get the bus to work on Fridays) and a situation that

10、 will trigger the behavior (having enough time to catch the bus).Of course, some people are cautious about committing themselves to changes in their personal behavior. They argue that political agreements and technological advances will do more to reduce green-house gases than anything an individual

11、 could achieve. But while it is comforting to draw sharp distinctions between politics, technology and individuals, the reality is that human behavior supports it all. Political parties will not pass legislation that is patently unpopular among the electorate. Technology can provide low-carbon alter

12、natives like electric buses. But a zero-emissions bus will have zero passengers unless people decide to use it.If the thought of psychologically informed lifestyle change campaigns sounds a bit too Big Brother for your liking, then consider the alternative: millions of pounds spent on technology tha

13、t is never taken up, and a market-based system of economic coercion that penalizes the poor while the rich keep polluting. Without an understanding of what drives peoples environmental behavior, the dream of a low-carbon society will remain forever out of reach.16. In face of climate change, most pe

14、ople（ ）.17. Which of the following activities might be the most effective way to motivate environmental behaviors?18. The author writes Paragraph 4 to（ ）.19. The phrase “Big Brother” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably means（ ）.20. Which of the following is the best title for this text?问题1选项A.turn a blin

15、d eye to the approaching threatB.feel unable to take such a big responsibilityC.endeavor to find out a solution with psychologyD.take no environmentally friendly action问题2选项A.Watching a disaster film.B.Holding a speech on climate change.C.Appealing for green lights.D.Publicizing lawn adoption.问题3选项A

16、.deny the role of politics and technology in environmental protectionB.explain how to divide responsibilities in environmental protectionC.show individuals, politics and technology are indispensable in environmental protectionD.display the importance of human behavior in environmental protection问题4选

17、项A.manipulativeB.troublesomeC.insightfulD.progressive问题5选项A.Behavior change is the most important link in environmental protection.B.Psychology is the missing link in the climate change debate.C.The motivation of peoples environmental behavior.D.The psychological way to change human behavior.【答案】第1题

18、:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：面对气候变化，大多数人_ 。通过文章第二段第一句话Psychological research shows that most people in the UK dont feel personally threatened by climate change because it is vague, abstract and difficult to visualize.（心理学研究表明，大多数英国人感觉不到气候变化的威胁，因为气候变化是模糊的、抽象的、难以想象的。），可知，A选项“对临近的危险熟视无睹”，符合题意。B

19、选项“感到不能承担如此重大的责任”，C选项“用心理学的方法努力找出解决办法”，D选项“不采取环保行动”在文中均未提及。所以本题的正确选项是A选项。2.推理判断题。题干：以下那个行动可能是激发环境保护行为最有效的方法？通过第三段首句的内容An American study played people recordings of actors delivering speeches about climate change. The version that people responded to the best talked about “air pollution” rather than

20、“climate change” because pollution is something visible that they could relate to（美国的一项研究给人们播放了演员就气候变化发表演讲的录音。人们反应最好的版本谈论的是“空气污染”而不是“气候变化”因为污染是他们可以联系到的可见的东西），可以推断，A选项“看灾难片”，B选项“就气候变化问题发表演讲”，都不可能刺激人们做出环境保护的行为。第三段倒数第二句话To change a habitual behavior, a person has to identify a goal (drive less, for exa

21、mple)（要改变习惯性行为，一个人必须确定一个目标(例如少开车)），说明方法必须是具体化而且有目的的，只有D选项“宣传草坪采用”，具体到了某一事件。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。3.推理判断题。题干：作者写第4段，是为了_。第四段的主要内容是人们认为政治协议和技术进步在减少温室气体排放方面所起的作用比任何个人都要大。但现实是如果法律不够民众欢迎，政党不会通过。说明政治，技术和环境自然界限清楚，但是在环境保护中缺一不可。所以C选项“表明个人、政治和技术在环境保护中是不可或缺的”，符合题意。A选项“否认政治和技术在环境保护中的作用”，作者在第四段并没有否认政治和技术在环境保护中的重要性，排除

22、A选项。B选项“解释在环境保护中如何划分责任”，第四段表明，政治、技术、个人在环境保护中界限清晰，但是并没有划分清楚各自的责任，所以B选项也不正确。D选项“表明人类行为在环境保护中的重要性”，人类行为在环境保护中固然重要，但这也离不开政治和技术的支持。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。4.推理判断题。题干：词组“Big Brother” (第五段第一行)的意思可能是_。第五段第一句话If the thought of psychologically informed lifestyle change campaigns sounds a bit too Big Brother for your

23、 liking, then consider the alternative：millions of pounds spent on technology that is never taken up, and a market-based system of economic coercion that penalizes the poor while the rich keep polluting.（如果从心理上改变生活方式的运动听起来有点太老大哥了，那就考虑另一种选择。数百万英镑花在了从未被使用的技术上，以及一个以市场为基础的经济强制体系上，这个体系惩罚穷人，而富人却继续造成污染。），所

24、以这里“Big Brother”指的是独裁的方法，因此A选项“操作的，操纵的”，符合题意。B选项“麻烦的，讨厌的”，C选项“有深刻见解的，富有洞察力的”，D选项“进步的，先进的”均不是文章想表达的意思。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：以下那个选项是文章最好的标题？文章开头表明，人类对于气候改变带来的影响没有太多的危机意识，因为他们认为气候变化是模糊的难以想象出来的。之后展开说明人们对习惯性行为的改变，需要明确目标，才能触发行为。政府、科技和个人对环境保护同等重要。如果不了解是什么驱使人们做出环境保护，那么低碳社会的梦想将永远无法实现。所以说个人做出行为改变的动机尤其重要

25、，C选项“人们环境行为的动机”，可以很好的总结全文。A选项“行为改变是环境保护中最重要的环节”，B选项“心理学是气候变化辩论中缺失的一环。”D选项“改变人类行为的心理学方法。”三个选项对文章内容及主旨的概括不是那么全面。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。6. 单选题The mechanic jacked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D

26、选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。7. 单选题Loudspeakers are fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】D【解析】考查目的状语从句。so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词can/may。但是本句主句用的是过去时态，所以从句也应该用相应的表示过去的时态，因此C项

27、may have应该改为might have才正确。A选项ought to“应该”，强调主观上的应当，含有责任，义务，故排除。B选项must have“必须要”，语气过于强烈，故排除。只有D选项should have“应该有”符合题意。句意：礼堂里安装了扩音器，以便大家都可以听到演讲。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。8. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 200 words based on the topic “Does College Education Prepare Students Well to Melt in

28、to Society”?You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your experience (s) to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】 Normal 0 7

29、.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 略9. 单选题Theyve lifted a two-year-long economic（ ）on the country.问题1选项A.enclosureB.restrictionC.blockadeD.prohibition【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项enclosure“围墙，围场”；B选项restriction“限制，约束”；C选项blockade“包围，封锁”；D选项prohibition“禁止，禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配，意思是“经济封锁”。句意：他们解除了对

30、该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。10. 单选题A drunk man walked in,（ ）both in appearance and odor.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项repulsive“排斥的，令人厌恶的”；B选项reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”；C选项reproachful“责备的，申斥的”；D选项reputed“驰名的，普遍认为的，名誉好的”。句意：一个醉汉进来了，他的出现以及身上的味道都让人觉得厌恶。根据选项和句意可知，A选项符合

31、题意。11. 单选题Reading（ ）the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.confirmsC.minimizesD.furnishes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rectify“改正，精馏”，显然并非所有阅读都可以整顿人的思想；B选项confirm“确认，证实”，阅读证实思想也不对；C选项minimize“最小化，使最小化”，也不合题意；D选项furnish“提供，供应”，阅读只为思想提供了知识材料符合题意。句

32、意：阅读虽为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们所读的内容变成自己的东西。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。12. 单选题Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper（ ）closely.问题1选项A.followedB.followsC.followingD.to follow【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下，分词作状语时，应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系)，否则分词就须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语，来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构，用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与f

33、ollow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。由此可见，C选项正确。copper following it closely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。（独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语，或名词性短语，或形容词性短语，或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver，但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如：He stood there, book in hand.中的介词短语in hand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he，所以book in hand为独立主格结构。）句意：银是最好的导体，铜与之非常接近。综

34、上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。13. 单选题A great amount of work has gone into（ ）the Cathedral to its previous splendor.问题1选项A.refreshingB.restoringC.renovatingD.renewing【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refresh“振作，恢复活力”；B选项restore“恢复，修复”，强调恢复原貌；C选项renovate“更新，修复”，强调整修一新；D选项renew“使更新，使修复”。句意：为了使大教堂恢复昔日的辉煌，进行了大量的工作。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意

35、。14. 单选题The glassware in the box is（ ）; it has got to be handled with care.问题1选项A.crunchyB.fragileC.brittleD.crisp【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crunchy“易碎的，发出嘎吱嘎吱声的”，通常有响声的时候用，例如：The leaves crunched under my feet.（树叶在我脚下嘎吱作响。）B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的，例如：Be careful with that vaseit is

36、very fragile.（拿那只花瓶要小心它很容易碎。），Hes feeling a bit fragile after last nights party.（他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。）C选项brittle“易碎的，脆弱的，易生气的”，指没有弹性或伸缩性的脆性材料，暗示受压或被扭曲时易碎，例如：As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.（随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。）D选项crisp“脆的，新鲜的，易碎的”，指食物炸的很酥脆，例如：Bake until the pastry is golden a

37、nd crisp.（把油酥糕点烤至金黄酥脆。）句意：箱子里的玻璃器皿易碎，需要轻拿轻放。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。15. 单选题The electric shaver（ ） before it can be used.问题1选项A.needs repairingB.should be in repairC.has to be repairableD.must repair【答案】A【解析】考查被动语态。electric shaver和repair是被动的关系，电动刮胡刀只能被修。A选项need做实义动词时，主语若是物，动词则要用动名词或不定式的被动形式作宾语，故A选项正确。B、C、

38、D选项均没有被动意义。句意：电动剃须刀需要修理才能使用。因此,本题的正确答案是A选项。16. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese.Todays policemen in large cities throughout the world rely on modern inventions to help them in their work. In most places motor-scooters and police patrol cars have done away with the need to patrol on foot

39、or on horseback. Policemen use telephone, conveniently located throughout their districts, to make immediate contact with headquarters. Radio, television, and computers help to speed the work of the modern force. Even boats and helicopters are part of the equipment of metropolitan police departments

40、. New technical inventions are widely used to fight crime and speed the solution of criminal cases. Electronic computers reduce from hours to minutes the time spent in searching for fingerprints. Witnesss descriptions of a criminal are coded and fed into a computer. The machine then sorts through th

41、e picture file of known criminals and selects the name and photograph of the most likely suspect. Lie detectors are used to uncover the truth.【答案】今天，全球很多大城市的警察都借助现代发明进行工作。在大多数地方，驾驶小摩托车和警察巡逻车已经取代了步行或在马背上巡逻的做法。各区便捷的电话网使警察能及时与总部取得联系；无线电、电视、计算机也有助于提高现代警察的工作效率；甚至连船只和直升机也成了一些大城市警察部门的装备。新技术发明广泛运用于打击犯罪，加速案件

42、侦破，计算机将搜索指纹所花费的时间由几小时减少到几分钟。证人对罪犯的描述被编码并输入计算机，计算机将所掌握的罪犯照片案卷进行分类，选出重大嫌疑犯的姓名和照片；测谎仪也用于帮助揭露真相。17. 单选题Too much（ ）to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.问题1选项A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disclosure“披露，揭发”；B选项exhibition“展览，显示”；C选项contact “接触，联系

43、”；D选项exposure“暴露，曝光”。句意：过多暴露在X射线下会导致皮肤损伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。18. 单选题She must have been pretty（ ）to fall for such an old trick.问题1选项A.interestedB.gullibleC.enthusiasticD.shrewd【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项interested“感兴趣的”；B选项gullible“易受骗的，轻信的”；C选项enthusiastic“热情的”；D选项shrewd“精明的，狡猾的”。句意：她太容易上当受骗了，才落入这

44、样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。19. 单选题All the parts of the washing machine are（ ）, so that it is very convenient to replace them.问题1选项A.normalizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.modernized【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项normalize“正常化，常规化，规格化”；B选项standardize “标准化，使标准化”；C选项mechanize“使机械化，机械化”；D选项modernize“使现代化”，句意：这台洗衣机的所有零

45、件都标准化了，所以要更换它们很方便。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。20. 单选题Important people dont often have much free time as their work（ ）all their time.问题1选项A.takes overB.takes awayC.takes inD.takes up【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take over“接管，借用”；B选项take away“拿走，带走”；C选项take in“吸收，接受”；D选项takes up“开始从事，占据”。句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。